Re: [RE-wrenches] Mounting Temperature Sensors

2010-08-06 Thread Marv Dargatz
Omega Engineering.  http://www.omega.com/pptst/5TC.html You must be careful about the thermal conductivity of the attachment method.  These pads, part number is TAP, are made of Kapton, and provide some level of thermal insulation.  I have some on my array that are still in place after two yea

Re: [RE-wrenches] Small, non-UL listed direct PV grid-tie inverters and UL 1741

2011-03-26 Thread Marv Dargatz
All utility interactive inverters must be connected to a DEDICATED branch circuit. NO LOADS on the inverter side of the OCPD. Not to mention that it is the UL1741 listing process that verifies personnel, property, and utility protection from injury, shock, and fire. This kind of stuff from Ch

Re: [RE-wrenches] Trickle charge a generator cranking battery?

2011-04-15 Thread Marv Dargatz
David, Do you have a diode in series to prevent nighttime discharge of the battery thru the module? I have done this for a 100A/H battery with a 16W thinfilm module. I used a series diode, but maybe this is not necessary? See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America SolarE

Re: [RE-wrenches] how would you measure a partial short circuit

2011-06-30 Thread Marv Dargatz
Come on, Bob. It’s a ground fault in the array. Just one more example why ungrounded arrays are FAR safer. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. Tech Support Mobile: +530.798.6770 Mobile: +530.392.0356 From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-

Re: [RE-wrenches] Fwd: Re: Aluminum Module Frame To GalvanizedUni-Strut

2011-07-13 Thread Marv Dargatz
Drake, This is a HUGE problem. If you want a real earful, talk to John Wiles, Bill Brooks, or Greg Ball about this. While you might think that the anodizing on the aluminum would prevent electrical contact to the copper, it doesn't last long with just a little vibration (usually due to wind).

Re: [RE-wrenches] Anti-Islanding Explanantion

2011-07-20 Thread Marv Dargatz
Wrenches, I feel compelled to reply here, as I have personally performed all of these tests and listed several dozen inverters over the last 10 years. The "Utility-Interactive" marking on listed inverters means that they meet all of the Utility Protective Function requirements as outlined in IE

Re: [RE-wrenches] Anti-Islanding Explanantion

2011-07-26 Thread Marv Dargatz
al Message- From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org [mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Marv Dargatz Sent: Wednesday, July 20, 2011 11:11 AM To: RE-wrenches Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] Anti-Islanding Explanantion Wrenches, I feel compelled to reply here, as I have

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase 215

2011-08-24 Thread Marv Dargatz
All, Please note that I left Enphase about one year ago, and joined John Berdner at SolarEdge. To answer the question, virtually all inverters will deliver more power than their rating. The Max power test for listing on the CEC list of eligible inverters requires a full power run at elevated

Re: [RE-wrenches] AC Coupling

2011-09-02 Thread Marv Dargatz
This all works fine, until you fire up a generator to charge batteries. If the generator remains within voltage and frequency limits, you stand a good chance of overvoltaging the batteries. In this situation it is best to disable the utility-interactive PV system while charging batteries from

Re: [RE-wrenches] High Voltage MPPT units

2011-11-08 Thread Marv Dargatz
As long as an appropriately sized and rated OCPD is used on the input and/or output circuit of both devices, it shouldn't be a problem. If it is a problem, it is with the testing certification process, and the standard needs to be fixed, or the testing laboratory needs to re-evaluate their inte

Re: [RE-wrenches] Convert Grid Tie SW4048 to Backup System; Add NewInverter, AC Coupled

2011-11-17 Thread Marv Dargatz
I agree 100% with Jay, except . . . I prefer diesel. You can store it safely (for several years), the energy density is high. And, you don't have to rely on delivery systems. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. Tech Support North America:

Re: [RE-wrenches] Solid state relay (SSR) questions

2009-04-29 Thread Marv Dargatz
Hey Mick, We used a lot of SSRs in wind turbine controls.  Found them to be extremely reliable.  Overrating the device is a very good idea.  Also be careful of very low temperatures, as the Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) of the optical isolation can degrade over time and eventually cause failure

Re: [RE-wrenches] plug in gridtied inverter

2009-05-06 Thread Marv Dargatz
I wonder how long until one of these starts a fire in a non-dedicated branch circuit in a home. Think about it.  There's a VERY GOOD REASON for requiring utility interactive inverters to be tied to a dedicated branch circuit. See Ya! Marv Enphase Energy 707 763-4784 x7016 Matt Lafferty w

Re: [RE-wrenches] 690.47

2009-06-17 Thread Marv Dargatz
Keith, The whole grounding issue has been very contentious, confounding, and confusing.  The introduction of the changes with the 2008 NEC seems to have complicated things further. Also, just a general comment; in general (there will be exceptions for larger systems, depending on electrical c

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase Recall?

2009-06-18 Thread Marv Dargatz
Wrenches, There is NO RECALL of any Enphase products.  There has NEVER been a recall of any Enphase product. Demand has far exceeded our expectations.  This has led to challenges with product availability which may have resulted in misinformation in the field. Ramping up production is our nu

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase Recall?

2009-06-18 Thread Marv Dargatz
Wrenches, Yes, we have an agreement with Akeena to supply units for their Andalay product, but the speculation that we are diverting our deliveries from general distribution is absolutely not true. Please consider these facts: The vast majority of our product is shipped into general distribut

Re: [RE-wrenches] module frame separation

2009-06-24 Thread Marv Dargatz
Be careful with the silicon.  Most of it is hygroscopic, and contains acetic acid. Automobile windshields are often secured with Butyl rubber caulk.  It is impervious to moisture.  Might this be a good choice?  I also wonder if a polyurethane (like sikaflex) would be appropriate. See Ya! Mar

Re: [RE-wrenches] Efficiency Curves of Fronius Inverters?

2009-07-08 Thread Marv Dargatz
Title: Efficiency Curves of Fronius Inverters? Jeff, Try this.  http://www.gosolarcalifornia.org/equipment/inverter_tests/summaries/ Hope this helps. See Ya! Marv Enphase Energy 707 763-4784 x7016 Jeff Clearwater, Village Power Design wrote: Hey Folks, Anyone have or kn

Re: [RE-wrenches] utility line voltage issues

2009-08-16 Thread Marv Dargatz
There are many points here that really need to be made.  I could write for days on this subject, but I'll just make a few points in anticipation that it will generate some open and accurate discussion.  Here's my 10 cents, in no particular order: Right off the bat, don't get me wrong.  Utiliti

Re: [RE-wrenches] utility line voltage issues

2009-08-16 Thread Marv Dargatz
Check out the following link.  Just ONE example of what the utility must deal with. http://tdworld.com/customer_service/power_new_technology_solves/ I'm not defending the utilities.  They definitely have their faults (argh, argh), but they have some severe challenges that we are not always se

Re: [RE-wrenches] utility line voltage issues

2009-08-17 Thread Marv Dargatz
IEEE1547 totally changed the way the utility protective functions are specified. For line voltage, the old UL1741 and IEEE1547 have the same table but the requirement is different.  Here is the table: Under 1741, the inverter had to trip off at less than the stated voltage (for the high t

Re: [RE-wrenches] Charging AGM Batteries

2009-09-21 Thread Marv Dargatz
SMA absolutely operates solely on Batt SOC.  In fact, the Germans pride themselves on their "superior" SOC management, and have convinced some battery manufacturers to extend the battery warranty based on this "superior" SOC management. See Ya! Marv Enphase Energy 707 763-4784 x7016 Darryl

Re: [RE-wrenches] Square D DC disconnects

2010-01-11 Thread Marv Dargatz
Title: Re: [RE-wrenches] Square D DC disconnects The testing for the HU series switches was performed by Square D according to a procedure that I wrote when working with SMA.  The procedure was reviewed and accepted by UL as valid for the dedicated purpose of PV disconnect when used with the SM

Re: [RE-wrenches] Square D DC disconnects

2010-01-11 Thread Marv Dargatz
Title: Re: [RE-wrenches] Square D DC disconnects Not sure why the following reply which I posted a couple of hours ago never got posted on the list.  I can offer more detail as to the considerations the test process must be given for this application if anybody is interested. Begin previous me

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase 210s

2010-01-16 Thread Marv Dargatz
And Sunpower.  But, they're not on the list http://www.enphaseenergy.com/downloads/Enphase_Module_Compatibility_List.pdf because Sunpower has not officially endorsed their use with Enphase. We should probably take any further discussion off list. See ya! Marv 707 763-4784 x7016 Marco Man

Re: [RE-wrenches] kW/MW v. kWh/MWh

2010-01-16 Thread Marv Dargatz
Marco, You are right on with your observation.  It is extremely frustrating when "industry experts" in a technical industry use the wrong technical terms. rant ON Another example; the improper use of "panel" when the intended meaning is "module".  Check 690.2 for the definitions.  Just wait

Re: [RE-wrenches] Transformerless inverters require special plug leads on the PV modules, right?

2010-02-25 Thread Marv Dargatz
Ungrounded (transformerless) systems require PV wire, not USE2.  PV wire is listed under the ZKLA category at UL.  Go to the UL certifications page ( http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/index.html ) and enter ZKLA in the "UL Category Code" box for a list of approved manufa

Re: [RE-wrenches] AC modules verses codes and safety

2010-04-03 Thread Marv Dargatz
One key requirement for the installation of grid-tied PV is that it be connected to a dedicated circuit.  This is mandatory to prevent circuit conductor overloading under certain fault conditions.  A DIYer may be inclined to connect his PV into an existing circuit.  We even get inquiries about

[RE-wrenches] Modules with PV wire

2010-04-19 Thread Marv Dargatz
Esteemed wrenches, Any assistance here would be greatly appreciated. Does anybody know of a comprehensive list that tells what modules have PV wire and which ones have only USE2?  The thought of contacting every PV module manufacturer and extracting this information from them is very daunting

Re: [RE-wrenches] looking for Enphase

2010-05-03 Thread Marv Dargatz
Marco, If you don't have success with the list, contact me directly and I'll be glad to help. See ya! Marv 707 763-4784 x7016 Marco Mangelsdorf wrote: As in Enphase 190s, S11 version, with the MC3 connectors.   As in about 100 of ‘em.   Anyone have any suggested

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase performance

2010-05-07 Thread Marv Dargatz
The CEC max power tests require continuous output power monitoring for 180 minutes.  At the end of the test, the CEC published power rating of the inverter is the manufacturer's stated max power OR the lowest power measured during the CEC test, whichever is lower.  So, most manufacturers set th

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase performance

2010-05-07 Thread Marv Dargatz
This should not be troubling at all.  It is very straight forward. Because there is only one module per inverter, and the conductors are sized for all possible overcurrent conditions, no further consideration is necessary for the DC side of the circuit. For the ac side, section 690.8(A)(3) ap

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase performance

2010-05-10 Thread Marv Dargatz
Dana, Marco, Wrenches, In most locations, if the interest is in maximum lifetime energy production, it does make sense to use modules with STC power ratings significantly higher than the inverter max power rating. This is explained in the whitepaper located at:  http://www.enphaseenergy.com/

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase performance

2010-05-10 Thread Marv Dargatz
Marco, Sorry, I missed that question in the previous e-mail. A couple of points about the compatibility list: 1.  We include only modules that have passed our internal math check for compatibility over the temperature range of the inverter. 2.  If the module manufacturer objects to being on

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase performance

2010-05-12 Thread Marv Dargatz
  Randy   Randy Sadewic Positive Energy   Office: 505 424-1112 Cell:    505 570-0137 From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org [mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Marv Dargatz Sent: Monday, May 10, 2010 3:59 PM To: RE-wrenches S

Re: [RE-wrenches] MC 4 connectors

2010-05-18 Thread Marv Dargatz
Try Amphenol. See ya! Marv 707 763-4784 x7016 William Miller wrote: Marco Yes, Weiland is a knock-off.  I have a sample packet I got at some trade show, they seem to match well.  They may or may not have listing. Here are e-mail addresses I have for MC: s.schlesin...@multi-contact

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase System Labeling

2010-05-20 Thread Marv Dargatz
Wrenches, Please note that Enphase has completed testing and received listing for the ac connectors and the DC connectors for use as the disconnect as required by the NEC.  No other disconnect device is required.  This information is contained in the latest Installation and Operations manual,

Re: [RE-wrenches] Two strings of Different Orientation

2010-05-21 Thread Marv Dargatz
Bill, I agree with everything you're saying, if you substitute "cell temperature" for "ambient temperature". See ya! Marv 707 763-4784 x7016 Bill Brooks wrote: Peter, Not to belabor the issue, but your understanding of the I-V curve and how it responds to changes in irradiance and t

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase System Labeling

2010-05-21 Thread Marv Dargatz
ker in the load center has been opened." Sorry, but that's just not a clear a set of instructions yet.  Can we open these connectors under load or are we never supposed to open them under load? Kent Osterberg Blue Mountain Solar Marv Dargatz wrote: Wrenches, Ple

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase System Labeling

2010-05-21 Thread Marv Dargatz
ule still says don't open under load.  Fortunately that isn't a serious problem because the dc current should be zero if the ac power is disconnected.  But that is ignoring the possibility of a dc short circuit in the inverter. Kent Osterberg Blue Mountain Solar Marv Dargat

Re: [RE-wrenches] Two strings of Different Orientation

2010-05-24 Thread Marv Dargatz
he ambient temperatures are likely to be different. Just a brain teaser—it was fun teasing your brain.   Bill.   From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org [mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Marv Dargatz Sent: Friday, May 21, 2010 7:26 AM To: RE-wrenches

Re: [RE-wrenches] Unshaded micro-inverter performance

2010-06-07 Thread Marv Dargatz
All, We've used a number of the Dent Instruments dataloggers.  http://www.dentinstruments.com/ Good performance, great support.  A little pricey, and the interface is a bit clunky, but an overall good value. DEFINITELY a huge step above the TED. See ya! Marv 707 763-4784 x7016 Darryl

Re: [RE-wrenches] AC wiring loss on micro-inverters

2010-06-11 Thread Marv Dargatz
Title: Re: [RE-wrenches] AC wiring loss on micro-inverters Nick, Sorry for the delayed reply.  I've been traveling and am just catching up on e-mails. Your method is absolutely correct.  We're working on an appnote and a calculator to provide you guys with some quick tools. David also brings

Re: [RE-wrenches] AC wiring loss on micro-inverters

2010-06-12 Thread Marv Dargatz
Nick, We do not offer a T cable, but that's a great idea.  I'll shop it around and see what comes out of it.  By the way, the Soladeck seems to be a great product.  For residential rooftops it also allows you to go directly through a roof penetration and transition to Romex immediately.  Makes

Re: [RE-wrenches] SolarEdge v Enphase

2012-01-12 Thread Marv Dargatz
Dan, Thank you SO much for that post. You are absolutely right on. EVERY component in a circuit can be the weak link. Component quality, design margin, and actual use conditions really dictate what is going to fail, and when. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America S

Re: [RE-wrenches] SolarEdge v Enphase

2012-01-12 Thread Marv Dargatz
All, We had a component quality problem with some early production batches. Unfortunately you guys in the field had to go thru a fair amount of grief before we wrapped our heads around what was going on, identified the root cause, and fixed the problem. We absolutely stand behind the product

Re: [RE-wrenches] Battery Experience

2012-02-09 Thread Marv Dargatz
Has anybody on this list ever used Thermoil? http://thermoil.com/ My dad has a Jeep that sits for months at a time while they travel in the winter. He used Thermoil in the battery when it was new, and it's still going strong after more than ten years. He also put it in the house batteries in

Re: [RE-wrenches] Design Question re Battery Bank Sizing

2012-02-15 Thread Marv Dargatz
Allan, You might consider low ESR/ESL capacitors in parallel with the batteries to provide motor start surge. Much cheaper and require no maintenance. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. Tech Support North America: +877.360.5292 Mobile:

Re: [RE-wrenches] Honda EU3000i pranks

2012-04-05 Thread Marv Dargatz
There's just no substitute for an oscilloscope. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. Tech Support North America: +877.360.5292 Mobile: +530.392.0356 From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org [mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wren

Re: [RE-wrenches] Boxes and bags

2012-04-24 Thread Marv Dargatz
Dan, You had me rolling on the floor, clutching my (now sore) stomach, and not able to see due to the flood of tears in my eyes. Perhaps you should buy smaller underwear that isn’t capable of reaching above your belly button. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America Sol

Re: [RE-wrenches] Kyocera KC 120-1R = 102 Watt

2012-06-28 Thread Marv Dargatz
What is "peak volts" and "peak amps"? The only ratings that should apply here are Vmp and Imp. Plus, of course, deratings for temperature and correction for irradiance and angle of incidence. See ya! Marv Director of Technology and Support, North America SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. Tech Supp

Re: [RE-wrenches] Kyocera KC 120-1R = 102 Watt

2012-07-03 Thread Marv Dargatz
obile: +530.392.0356 From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org [mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Wallace Stahle Sent: Tuesday, July 03, 2012 3:36 PM To: RE-wrenches Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] Kyocera KC 120-1R = 102 Watt On Jun 28, 2012, at 11:11 AM, Marv Dargatz

Re: [RE-wrenches] Utility disconnect

2012-10-02 Thread Marv Dargatz
I had a similar situation with my own PV system many years ago. The utility person demanded a disconnect within 10 feet of the meter. When I pulled out a copy of the rule 21 interconnect agreement (I'm in California), and pointed out that there was no such requirement, they got on the phone fo

Re: [RE-wrenches] evergreen panels diode problems

2008-09-21 Thread Marv Dargatz
Mark, From an inverter manufacturer's standpoint there is a huge advantage in running positive ground in all installations. Since the ground is provided through the GFDI circuit of the inverter, only one configuration of inverter must be stocked, and there is no need to provide field configu

Re: [RE-wrenches] evergreen panels diode problems

2008-09-21 Thread Marv Dargatz
n. See Ya! Marv Enphase Energy 707 763-4784 x7016 jay peltz wrote: Hi Marv, What do they do in Europe or japan? How are they grounded, or are they grounded? thanks, jay On Sep 21, 2008, at 11:17 AM, Marv Dargatz wrote: Mark, From an inverter manufacturer's standpoint there is a huge advant

Re: [RE-wrenches] Utility Dis-connect

2008-10-06 Thread Marv Dargatz
Peter, The qualification testing for UL1741/IEEE1547 listing of the inverters covers anti-islanding in excruciating detail. In addition, every inverter must be tested on the production line to ensure compliance with the Utility Interactive requirements. The fact that an inverter has the "Ut

Re: [RE-wrenches] SMA Sunny Island

2008-10-13 Thread Marv Dargatz
It is ETL listed. Still shown on the website: http://www.intertek-etlsemko.com/portal/page/cust_portal/ITK_PGR/PRODUCT_DIRECTORIES_PG/ETL_LISTED_PG Click on "ETL Listed Directory" on the left and search for "SMA". It is the 6th of 6 listings. I'm actually a bit surprised that it's still liste

Re: [RE-wrenches] Request for Enphase inverter comments

2008-10-24 Thread Marv Dargatz
Wrenches, The Enphase system meets all regulatory requirements for a utility interactive PV system. Also, we were very careful and thorough in making sure that it meets all NEC requirements. If you run into an AHJ who has objections, please put them in contact with our Customer Support peop

Re: [RE-wrenches] Request for Enphase inverter comments

2008-10-24 Thread Marv Dargatz
Third Sun Solar & Wind Power Ltd. 340 West State Street, Unit 25 Athens, OH 45701 740.597.3111 Fax 740.597.1548 www.Third-Sun.com Clean Energy - Expertly Installed - "Marv Dargatz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Wrenches, The Enphase system meets all re

Re: [RE-wrenches] Request for Enphase inverter comments

2008-10-27 Thread Marv Dargatz
Mark, Some of your conjecture has been addressed by other wrenches in subsequent posts. I do not think that this is the right forum for further discussion of this kind. I believe this forum is intended for technical and regulatory discussions. Is there a forum for marketing/sales/strategy

Re: [RE-wrenches] Request for Enphase inverter comments

2008-10-27 Thread Marv Dargatz
Greg, The 200W, 96 cell inverter is CSA listed to UL1741, and is on the CEC list of eligible inverters. Obviously there are more products on the way, but I'm not at liberty to discuss the details right now. We do keep the website VERY up to date. Your results are very much inline with our

Re: [RE-wrenches] Xantrex XW

2008-10-27 Thread Marv Dargatz
Hey, I've renamed the subject to "Xantrex XW". See Ya! Marv Enphase Energy 707 763-4784 x7016 Tump wrote: Sounds like the old trace GTI boxes...UP DOWN UP DOWN -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of R.Scott Carlson Sent: Monday, October 2

Re: [RE-wrenches] Multi-structure PV install

2008-12-29 Thread Marv Dargatz
Kurt, The NEC provides for, and the AHJs have accepted the use of the connectors as a form of disconnect. Of course, each branch is also connected to a dedicated branch overcurrent device (circuit breaker). On the DC side, since only one module is connected to each inverter, the connectors

Re: [RE-wrenches] Multi-structure PV install

2008-12-30 Thread Marv Dargatz
wrote: --On Monday, December 29, 2008 8:29 AM -0800 Marv Dargatz wrote: The NEC provides for, and the AHJs have accepted the use of the connectors as a form of disconnect. Of course, each branch is also connected to a dedicated branch overcurrent device (circuit breaker). On the DC side,

Re: [RE-wrenches] power factor meter

2009-01-22 Thread Marv Dargatz
I'd suggest a differential voltage probe and a current probe with a two channel scope. Observe both waveforms simultaneously. Phase shift (PF), amplitude, waveshape, harmonics, etc all at one time. Most digital scopes you can store the waveforms, download them to your computer, or just take

[RE-wrenches] MTBF

2009-03-26 Thread Marv Dargatz
All, Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) is a statistical number that is based on failure rates of components in a piece of equipment, under specific operating conditions. Numerical analysis, with testing and historical data, results in this calculated number. MTBF can be applied to a number of

[RE-wrenches] Enphase MTBF paper

2009-03-31 Thread Marv Dargatz
Wrenches, There has been substantial interest and discussion about MTBF. As promised last week, here is the link. http://www.enphaseenergy.com/support/downloads.cfm It is near the bottom of the page and is titled "Reliability of Enphase Micro-Inverters". Comments and questions are welcome

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase Application

2009-04-07 Thread Marv Dargatz
Travis, You are exactly right. As long as you do not exceed the max open circuit voltage or short circuit current rating you're perfectly fine. Even if you put 300W of module on the inverter, it will just hit power limit until the irradiance declines enough to let the MPPT work again. No pro

Re: [RE-wrenches] Enphase Application

2009-04-09 Thread Marv Dargatz
ill continue to charge the same battery bank. Best, Travis Creswell Ozark Energy Services -Original Message- From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org [mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Marv Dargatz Sent: Tuesday, April 07, 2009 7:32 PM To: RE-wrenches S