www/philosophy/po open-source-misses-the-point....

[DENG Nan]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     DENG Nan <monnand>      12/01/13 02:45:48
Added files:
        philosophy/po  : open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        Simplified Chinese Edition of Why Open Source Misses the Point

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
diff -N open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po       13 Jan 2012 02:45:32 -0000      
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+# Chinese translations for PACKAGE package
+# Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# monnand <monn...@gmail.com>, 2011.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: 1.0\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-06-01 20:28-0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-01-12 22:38+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Nan Deng <monn...@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese (simplified)\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr "开源究竟差哪了 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会(FSF)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software"
+msgstr "开源究竟差哪了"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>Richard Stallman</strong> 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When we call software &ldquo;free,&rdquo; we mean that it respects the <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">users' essential freedoms</a>: the freedom "
+"to run it, to study and change it, and to redistribute copies with or "
+"without changes.  This is a matter of freedom, not price, so think of &ldquo;"
+"free speech,&rdquo; not &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"要说一个软件是 &ldquo;自由&rdquo; 的，这意味着它尊重 <a 
href=\"/philosophy/"
+"free-sw.thml\">用户的基本自由</a>：运行这个软件，学习和修改它，以及重新发布它"
+"的原版或修改版。这是个关于自由权利的问题，而非价格高低。我们讨论的自由是如同"
+"自由言论般的权利，不是免费赠饮一样的大派送。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These freedoms are vitally important.  They are essential, not just for the "
+"individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they promote "
+"social solidarity&mdash;that is, sharing and cooperation.  They become even "
+"more important as our culture and life activities are increasingly "
+"digitized.  In a world of digital sounds, images, and words, free software "
+"becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general."
+msgstr ""
+"这几样自由是至关重要的。之所以说它们重要，不仅仅因为它们可以讨好哪个用户，更"
+"是由于它们维系着整个社会的凝聚力&mdash; 
具体说来，就是分享与协作的精神。随着"
+"我们的生活与文化日渐数字化，这样的自由精神也随之越来越可贵。在一个充斥着数字"
+"化音像与文字的世界中，自由软件日益重要，它本身已经成为关乎着我们基本自由的因"
+"素之一。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software; the "
+"public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all students to "
+"use the free <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux operating system</"
+"a>.  Most of these users, however, have never heard of the ethical reasons "
+"for which we developed this system and built the free software community, "
+"because nowadays this system and community are more often spoken of as "
+"&ldquo;open source&rdquo;, attributing them to a different philosophy in "
+"which these freedoms are hardly mentioned."
+msgstr ""
+"当今世界中，成百上千万的用户正在使用着自由软件；在印度和西班牙某些地区的公立"
+"学校里，全体学生都学习如何使用自由的 <a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/"
+"Linux 
操作系统</a>。然而，这些用户之中，大多数人却并不了解我们为何开发这个自"
+"由系统，又为何建立起整个自由软件社区，以及背后驱动这一切的道义上的逻辑。因为"
+"如今这个自由系统，乃至整个社区都被以&ldquo; 开源&rdquo; 
一词以蔽之。顺着这个"
+"词，一切都被引入了一个完全不同的思维之中。在那里，自由这东西，甚少提及。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software movement has campaigned for computer users' freedom since "
+"1983.  In 1984 we launched the development of the free operating system GNU, "
+"so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems that deny freedom to "
+"their users.  During the 1980s, we developed most of the essential "
+"components of the system and designed the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU "
+"General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) to release them under&mdash;a license "
+"designed specifically to protect freedom for all users of a program."
+msgstr ""
+"从 1983 
年起，我们以维护计算机用户自由之名兴起了自由软件运动。在
 1984 年，我"
+"们发起了开发自由操作系统的计划，并将此系统命名为GNU。借此系统，我们就不必倚赖"
+"非自由的操作系统，不再坐视它们肆意剥夺用户的自由。在二十世纪八十年代，我们开"
+"发了系统的绝大多数组件。为了保护用户的自由，我们设计了
 <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"gpl.html\">GNU 通用公共许可证</a> （GNU 
GPL），并以该许可证发行大部分组件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not all of the users and developers of free software agreed with the goals "
+"of the free software movement.  In 1998, a part of the free software "
+"community splintered off and began campaigning in the name of &ldquo;open "
+"source.&rdquo; The term was originally proposed to avoid a possible "
+"misunderstanding of the term &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; but it soon became "
+"associated with philosophical views quite different from those of the free "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"并非全部的自由软件用户和开发者都赞同自由软件运动的目标。1998年，自由软件阵营"
+"中的部分成员分裂出来，并以&ldquo;开源&rdquo;为名继续开展活动。一开始，由于"
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;（free 
software）一词可能引起歧义，这才提出开源这个说"
+"法。但是很快开源这词便开始异化，使得其背后的逻辑与自由软件运动的初衷相去甚"
+"远。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a &ldquo;marketing "
+"campaign for free software,&rdquo; which would appeal to business executives "
+"by highlighting the software's practical benefits, while not raising issues "
+"of right and wrong that they might not like to hear.  Other supporters "
+"flatly rejected the free software movement's ethical and social values.  "
+"Whichever their views, when campaigning for open source, they neither cited "
+"nor advocated those values.  The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; quickly "
+"became associated with ideas and arguments based only on practical values, "
+"such as making or having powerful, reliable software.  Most of the "
+"supporters of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same "
+"association."
+msgstr ""
+"一些开源的支持者会认为，所谓开源，无非是用来&ldquo;为自由软件做市场营销"
+"&rdquo;的。具体说来，就是向那些商界人士展现自由软件的实际好处。同时避免谈及什"
+"么对错正误，因为商业大佬们普遍不太喜欢这调调。还有一些开源的支持者干脆就抛弃"
+"自由软件道义上的价值观。无论他们持哪种观点，一旦他们开始为开源营销的时候，自"
+"由软件运动所珍视的那些价值观就被抛诸脑后。于是，&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词很快就"
+"单纯地和各种实用主义的价值观联系起来。比如说怎么能创造一个强大，稳定的软件。"
+"很多开源支持者从一开始就把这些价值观推崇至极，也难怪局外人会有如此联系了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all open source software is free software.  The two terms describe "
+"almost the same category of software, but they stand for views based on "
+"fundamentally different values.  Open source is a development methodology; "
+"free software is a social movement.  For the free software movement, free "
+"software is an ethical imperative, because only free software respects the "
+"users' freedom.  By contrast, the philosophy of open source considers issues "
+"in terms of how to make software &ldquo;better&rdquo;&mdash;in a practical "
+"sense only.  It says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the "
+"practical problem at hand.  For the free software movement, however, nonfree "
+"software is a social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and move "
+"to free software."
+msgstr ""
+"单纯说起软件的话，那么几乎所有的开源软件同时也是自由软件。开源软件和自由软件"
+"这两个词在很大程度上描述的是同一类软件，但是它们所基于的价值观却有着本质上的"
+"区别。对于自由软件运动而言，自由软件是一个道德底线。因为只有自由软件才真正尊"
+"重用户的自由。开源软件则与此不同，开源的哲学是考虑怎么做把软件做得&ldquo;
 更"
+"好 &ldquo;&mdash; 
仅仅从实用的角度考虑好坏。开源的哲学里，非自由软件之所以不"
+"好，是因为他们采用了一种劣等的开发方式。而自由软件运动则以为，非自由软件本身"
+"就是一个社会问题。解决的方案则只能是抛弃非自由软件，转投自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;Free software.&rdquo; &ldquo;Open source.&rdquo; If it's the same "
+"software, does it matter which name you use? Yes, because different words "
+"convey different ideas.  While a free program by any other name would give "
+"you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a lasting way depends "
+"above all on teaching people to value freedom.  If you want to help do this, "
+"it is essential to speak of &ldquo;free software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;，&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;，既然都指的是同类软件，那何必"
+"在名字上这么较真呢？恐怕还是有这个必要的。因为不同的词汇传递着不同的思维。尽"
+"管现在看来，用另一个名字称呼自由软件可以给你同等的自由，但若要长期维护用户的"
+"自由，则必须让人们领域到自由的价值。倘若你想帮助人们做到这点，那么用&ldquo;自"
+"由软件&rdquo;这一称呼则尤为重要。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We in the free software movement don't think of the open source camp as an "
+"enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software.  But we want people to "
+"know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being mislabeled as open "
+"source supporters."
+msgstr ""
+"作为自由软件运动的成员，我们并不将开源阵营视为敌人。我们的敌人是专有（非自"
+"由）软件。但我们希望人们至少应该知道，我们所捍卫的是用户的自由。所以我们不愿"
+"被开源支持者们贴错标签。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"Common Misunderstandings of &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo; and &ldquo;Open "
+"Source&rdquo;"
+msgstr "关于&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;和&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的常见误解"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; is prone to misinterpretation: an "
+"unintended meaning, &ldquo;software you can get for zero price,&rdquo; fits "
+"the term just as well as the intended meaning, &ldquo;software which gives "
+"the user certain freedoms.&rdquo; We address this problem by publishing the "
+"definition of free software, and by saying &ldquo;Think of &lsquo;free "
+"speech,&rsquo; not &lsquo;free beer.&rsquo;&rdquo; This is not a perfect "
+"solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem.  An unambiguous and "
+"correct term would be better, if it didn't present other problems."
+msgstr ""
+"在英语中，&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;，即 Free 
Software，这个词很容易被误解：Free"
+"一词既有免费的意思，也有自由的意项。而我们所谓的自由软件，则是&ldquo;一类可以"
+"赋予用户指定自由的软件&rdquo;。要解决这个问题，我们发布了自由软件的定义。为了"
+"方便理解，我们解释自由软件中 
Free，是自由言论中所说的自由，而非免费赠饮中的免"
+"费。这显然不是个理想的解决方案，它无法完全杜绝这一问题。一个意思正确，又没有"
+"歧异的词显然更好些，不过前提是这词不会引起其他麻烦。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their own.  "
+"We've looked at many that people have suggested, but none is so clearly "
+"&ldquo;right&rdquo; that switching to it would be a good idea.  (For "
+"instance, in some contexts the French and Spanish word &ldquo;libre&rdquo; "
+"works well, but people in India do not recognize it at all.)  Every proposed "
+"replacement for &ldquo;free software&rdquo; has some kind of semantic "
+"problem&mdash;and this includes &ldquo;open source software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"可惜的是，在英语中，能替换 Free 
的词都多少有点毛病。我们考量了许多别人的建"
+"议，然而没有哪个比其他的更&rdquo;正确&ldquo;点（比如说，在某些情况下，法语和"
+"西班牙语中的&rduo;libre&rdquo;一词更好点。可是印度的人就根本不认识这个词）。"
+"每个可能替代&ldquo;Free 
Software&rdquo;的词多少都会有些语义方面的问题&mdash;"
+"这显然也包括&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;（Open Source Software）。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>official definition of &ldquo;"
+"open source software&rdquo;</a> (which is published by the Open Source "
+"Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived indirectly from our "
+"criteria for free software.  It is not the same; it is a little looser in "
+"some respects, so the open source people have accepted a few licenses that "
+"we consider unacceptably restrictive.  Also, they judge solely by the "
+"license of the source code, whereas our criterion also considers whether a "
+"device will let you <em>run</em> your modified version of the program.  "
+"Nonetheless, their definition agrees with our definition in most cases."
+msgstr ""
+"<a 
href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>开源软件的官方定义</a>（它是由开源"
+"促进会发布的，鉴于这个定义过长，就不在本文中全部引用了）是直接从我们对于自由"
+"软件的界定衍生而来。不过二者也有不同，在某些方面，开源软件的定义比自由软件更"
+"宽松。所以，对于某些软件许可证，开源阵营的人们可能会认证其为开源许可证，而我"
+"们则可能会严格地拒绝它们。同时，开源软件仅仅考虑软件源代码的许可证；而对于自"
+"由软件，还要考虑运行软件的设备是否允许用户<em>运行</em>修改后的程序。不过总体"
+"而言，开源软件的定义和我们自由软件的定义在很多地方都是等价的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, the obvious meaning for the expression &ldquo;open source "
+"software&rdquo;&mdash;and the one most people seem to think it means&mdash;"
+"is &ldquo;You can look at the source code.&rdquo; That criterion is much "
+"weaker than the free software definition, much weaker also than the official "
+"definition of open source.  It includes many programs that are neither free "
+"nor open source."
+msgstr ""
+"可是，&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的字面意思&mdash;同样也是人们普遍以为的意思"
+"&mdash;是&ldquo;你可以看到源代码&rdquo;。这样的意思比起自由软件定义来说要宽松"
+"的多，也比开源软件的定义宽松多。这样的字面意思囊括了很多既非自由也非开源的软"
+"件。"
+
+#. It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
+#. that page is no longer available.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since that obvious meaning for &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is not the meaning "
+"that its advocates intend, the result is that most people misunderstand the "
+"term.  According to writer Neal Stephenson, &ldquo;Linux is &lsquo;open "
+"source&rsquo; software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its "
+"source code files.&rdquo; I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or "
+"dispute the &ldquo;official&rdquo; definition.  I think he simply applied "
+"the conventions of the English language to come up with a meaning for the "
+"term.  The state of Kansas published a similar definition: &ldquo;Make use "
+"of open-source software (OSS).  OSS is software for which the source code is "
+"freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary "
+"as to what one is allowed to do with that code.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"由于&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词的字面意思与开源支持者的本意不同，导致很多人误解了"
+"这个词。这里引用一段Neal 
Stephenson文章中的话，&ldquo;Linux是&lsquo;开源"
+"&rsquo;软件，意思很简单，就是任何人都可以获得它的源代码&rdquo;。我觉得Neal并"
+"非有意拒绝或者曲解开源软件的官方定义。恐怕他仅仅是望文生义，可惜误会了开源这"
+"词。堪萨斯州政府也曾发布了一份开源软件的简化定义：&ldquo;开源软件（OSS）即一"
+"类计算机软件，用户可以免费且公开地获得其源代码；用户可以对其源代码做哪些操"
+"作，则根据软件的许可证规定各有不同&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <i>New York Times</i> has <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/";
+"gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-"
+"design-37415.html\"> run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</"
+"a> to refer to user beta testing&mdash;letting a few users try an early "
+"version and give confidential feedback&mdash;which proprietary software "
+"developers have practiced for decades."
+msgstr ""
+"还有更糟糕的，<i>纽约时报</i>发表了<a 
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/";
+"gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-"
+"design-37415.html\">一篇文章</a>，把开源这词的意思完全拧了，文中将开源软件解"
+"释为内测版软件&mdash;就是给一小撮用户做测试的抢先版软件&mdash;这东西专有软件"
+"开发者在几十年前就发布过了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their official "
+"definition, but that corrective approach is less effective for them than it "
+"is for us.  The term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; has two natural meanings, "
+"one of which is the intended meaning, so a person who has grasped the idea "
+"of &ldquo;free speech, not free beer&rdquo; will not get it wrong again.  "
+"But the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; has only one natural meaning, which "
+"is different from the meaning its supporters intend.  So there is no "
+"succinct way to explain and justify its official definition.  That makes for "
+"worse confusion."
+msgstr ""
+"开源的支持者们试图通过不断引用官方定义来解决这些误会。这方法显然没错，可直接"
+"引述定义对自由软件似乎更有效。&ldquo;Free 
Software&rdquo;一词字面上有两个意"
+"思，其中的自由之意是我们希望传达的。一个人如果能理解&rdquo;自由言论而非免费啤"
+"酒&ldquo;这句话，就不会再搞错该使用Free的哪个意项。然而，&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一"
+"次仅仅有一个字面意思，而这个意思与其本身要表达的意思又有所不同。结果就很难找"
+"一个简单的方法解释官方的定义。这就带来了更多的误解。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another misunderstanding of &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is the idea that it "
+"means &ldquo;not using the GNU GPL.&rdquo; This tends to accompany another "
+"misunderstanding that &ldquo;free software&rdquo; means &ldquo;GPL-covered "
+"software.&rdquo; These are both mistaken, since the GNU GPL qualifies as an "
+"open source license and most of the open source licenses qualify as free "
+"software licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"另外一个关于&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的误解是：开源软件意味着&ldquo;不用
 GNU GPL 许"
+"可证&rdquo;。这个误解又常常版随着另外一个误解：&ldquo;自由软件就是使用
 GPL 许"
+"可证的软件&rdquol。这显然是扭曲了自由软件和开源软件。GNU
 GPL 许可证也被认证为"
+"开源软件许可证。很多开源软件许可证也同时是自由软件许可证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; has been further stretched by its "
+"application to other activities, such as government, education, and science, "
+"where there is no such thing as source code, and where criteria for software "
+"licensing are simply not pertinent.  The only thing these activities have in "
+"common is that they somehow invite people to participate.  They stretch the "
+"term so far that it only means &ldquo;participatory&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词又一再地被引申到了各个领域，比如政府部门，教育，科学还"
+"有其他压根没有源代码的地方，以及和软件许可证根本扯不上关系的领域。它们唯一的"
+"共同点是：多多少少都是鼓励人们参与到某个活动中来。到头来，开源这词就被引申成"
+"了&ldquo;参与性&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions&hellip;but Not Always"
+msgstr 
"不同的价值观可以得到类似的结论&hellip;可惜总有例外"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some "
+"organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and the "
+"two daughter groups treated each other as enemies despite having similar "
+"basic goals and values.  The right wing made much of this and used it to "
+"criticize the entire left."
+msgstr ""
+"二十世纪六十年代，美国的极左派阵营曾由于意见分歧而党羽林立。尽管他们实际上有"
+"着相同的目的和价值观，但各个派别之间依旧水火不容，关系紧张。这使得右翼势力得"
+"以借力打力，进而攻击整个左派阵营。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some try to disparage the free software movement by comparing our "
+"disagreement with open source to the disagreements of those radical groups.  "
+"They have it backwards.  We disagree with the open source camp on the basic "
+"goals and values, but their views and ours lead in many cases to the same "
+"practical behavior&mdash;such as developing free software."
+msgstr ""
+"由于自由软件和开源阵营存在的这种分歧，有些人就用美国极左阵营的例子，来告诫或"
+"是诋毁自由软件运动。不过现在的情况和当初极左阵营的情况正好相反：我们和开源软"
+"件阵营有着不同的目的和价值观，不过不同的观点却导致了很多相同行为&mdash;比如说"
+"开发自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As a result, people from the free software movement and the open source camp "
+"often work together on practical projects such as software development.  It "
+"is remarkable that such different philosophical views can so often motivate "
+"different people to participate in the same projects.  Nonetheless, there "
+"are situations where these fundamentally different views lead to very "
+"different actions."
+msgstr ""
+"于是大家看到的结果就是：来自自由软件运动的人和来自开源阵营的人经常一起在同一"
+"个项目中一起工作，比如一起开发软件。这是值得一提的：尽管大家观点不同，但却可"
+"能在同一个项目中工作。当然，我们和开源阵营各自不同的观点有些时候也可能会导致"
+"不同的行为。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of open source is that allowing users to change and redistribute "
+"the software will make it more powerful and reliable.  But this is not "
+"guaranteed.  Developers of proprietary software are not necessarily "
+"incompetent.  Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful and "
+"reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom.  Free software "
+"activists and open source enthusiasts will react very differently to that."
+msgstr ""
+"开源的基本思路是：允许用户修改和再发布软件，是为了让软件更加强大和可靠。可惜"
+"这不是个必要条件。很多专有软件的开发者技术也很强。有些时候，哪怕专有软件不尊"
+"重用户的自由，依然可以开发出强大而可靠的软件。对于这个事实，自由软件支持者和"
+"开源阵营的人对此反应就会不同。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A pure open source enthusiast, one that is not at all influenced by the "
+"ideals of free software, will say, &ldquo;I am surprised you were able to "
+"make the program work so well without using our development model, but you "
+"did.  How can I get a copy?&rdquo; This attitude will reward schemes that "
+"take away our freedom, leading to its loss."
+msgstr ""
+"对于一个纯粹的开源狂热者来说&mdash;假设他没有被自由软件的理想所影响&mdash;可"
+"能会说，&ldquo;你们（专有软件开发者）竟然没用我们的开发模型，还能开发出这么好"
+"的软件。这太让我感到意外了。能给我拷一份你们的软件吗？&rdquo;
 这样的态度会让"
+"专有软件的诡计得逞&mdash;剥夺我们的自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software activist will say, &ldquo;Your program is very attractive, "
+"but I value my freedom more.  So I reject your program.  Instead I will "
+"support a project to develop a free replacement.&rdquo; If we value our "
+"freedom, we can act to maintain and defend it."
+msgstr ""
+"而自由软件支持者则会说，&ldquo;您的软件非常吸引人，不过我更看重我的自由。很遗"
+"憾，我不得不放弃使用您的软件。我会支持一个项目，开发一个实现类似功能的自由软"
+"件。&rdquo; 
你若真心珍视你的自由，我们就可以用行动去捍卫它。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Powerful, Reliable Software Can Be Bad"
+msgstr "强大而可靠的软件，未必是个好东西"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea that we want software to be powerful and reliable comes from the "
+"supposition that the software is designed to serve its users.  If it is "
+"powerful and reliable, that means it serves them better."
+msgstr ""
+"大家都希望软件强大而可靠，因为我们都觉得软件是为用户服务的。既然是为用户服务"
+"的，那强大而可靠的软件显然可以更好地服务用户。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But software can be said to serve its users only if it respects their "
+"freedom.  What if the software is designed to put chains on its users? Then "
+"powerfulness means the chains are more constricting, and reliability that "
+"they are harder to remove.  Malicious features, such as spying on the users, "
+"restricting the users, back doors, and imposed upgrades are common in "
+"proprietary software, and some open source supporters want to implement them "
+"in open source programs."
+msgstr ""
+"但是必须要明确，只有当软件尊重用户的自由时，我们才说软件是在为用户服务。倘若"
+"软件本身就有意剥夺用户自由，为其设置各种障碍，那么如此的软件更强大仅仅意味着"
+"更多的羁绊，更可靠也就意味着这些障碍难以克服。现实生活中，恶意流氓的功能在专"
+"有软件中比比皆是：监视用户，限制用户，后门，强制升级等等。而一些开源软件支持"
+"者们竟希望在他们的开源软件中实现类似功能。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for individuals "
+"to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict them.  This "
+"malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) (see <a "
+"href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/\";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is the "
+"antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims to provide.  And "
+"not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to trample your freedom, DRM "
+"developers try to make it hard, impossible, or even illegal for you to "
+"change the software that implements the DRM."
+msgstr ""
+"迫于电影和唱片公司的压力，越来越多的个人软件被设计得有意限制用户的行为。这种"
+"恶意功能的官方讲法是<em>数字版权管理</em>（参见<a 
href=\"http://";
+"defectivebydesign.org\">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>）。这种功能与自由软件的核心"
+"精神完全背道而驰。说起来，这已然不仅是精神层面背道而驰了，在实际操作上，DRM
 "
+"的开发者们试图让用户无法修改软件，甚至将此视为违法行为。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Yet some open source supporters have proposed &ldquo;open source DRM&rdquo; "
+"software.  Their idea is that, by publishing the source code of programs "
+"designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by allowing others "
+"to change it, they will produce more powerful and reliable software for "
+"restricting users like you.  The software would then be delivered to you in "
+"devices that do not allow you to change it."
+msgstr ""
+"尽管如此，一些开源软件的支持者们依然提议开发所谓&ldquo;开源
 DRM&rdquo;软件。"
+"这背后的逻辑是：发布这些限制用户自由的软件的源代码，并且允许用户修改它，就可"
+"以造出更强大可靠的软件，来继续限制用户的自由。然后，这些软件会被拷贝到某个设"
+"备上一并卖到你手里，而那个设备则禁止你修改运行其上的软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This software might be open source and use the open source development "
+"model, but it won't be free software since it won't respect the freedom of "
+"the users that actually run it.  If the open source development model "
+"succeeds in making this software more powerful and reliable for restricting "
+"you, that will make it even worse."
+msgstr ""
+"这样的软件也许称得上是开源软件，并且也的确用的是开源的开发模式。但是它不可能"
+"成为自由软件，因为它根本没有尊重用户的自由。倘若说开源的开发模式可以成功地制"
+"造如此软件，并且让这些软件更强大更可靠，进而限制你我的自由，那只能说这次开源"
+"把一切变得更糟了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Fear of Freedom"
+msgstr "令人生畏的自由"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source camp from "
+"the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of &ldquo;free "
+"software&rdquo; made some people uneasy.  That's true: raising ethical "
+"issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as "
+"convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer to "
+"ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical.  This can trigger "
+"discomfort, and some people may simply close their minds to it.  It does not "
+"follow that we ought to stop talking about these issues."
+msgstr ""
+"当年那些人之所以从自由软件运动中分裂出来，发起开源软件运动，主要原因就是因为"
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;的道德基础让不少人如坐针毡。的确如此，倘若说起道德，比"
+"如用户的自由，开发者的责任等等，往往会迫使人们去思考一些常被忽视的问题，好比"
+"说某些行为是否符合道德规范。这种说教确实会让人心生不快，有些人则因此把它们抛"
+"诸脑后，从此不闻不问。但这并非意味着，每当论及道德，我们就该退避三舍，闭口不"
+"谈。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That is, however, what the leaders of open source decided to do.  They "
+"figured that by keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only "
+"about the immediate practical benefits of certain free software, they might "
+"be able to &ldquo;sell&rdquo; the software more effectively to certain "
+"users, especially business."
+msgstr ""
+"遗憾的是，开源的领导者们恰恰是选择忽视了这些问题。他们意识到，只要在道德和自"
+"由方面装聋作哑，转而只讨论某些自由软件当下可以创收多少效益，就没准能让他们更"
+"高效地&ldquo;卖&rdquo;软件给一些特定用户，尤其是商业用户。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This approach has proved effective, in its own terms.  The rhetoric of open "
+"source has convinced many businesses and individuals to use, and even "
+"develop, free software, which has extended our community&mdash;but only at "
+"the superficial, practical level.  The philosophy of open source, with its "
+"purely practical values, impedes understanding of the deeper ideas of free "
+"software; it brings many people into our community, but does not teach them "
+"to defend it.  That is good, as far as it goes, but it is not enough to make "
+"freedom secure.  Attracting users to free software takes them just part of "
+"the way to becoming defenders of their own freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"从这套理论的观点看，这方法倒也真算行之有效了。开源这词说服了众多商业和个人用"
+"户，使得他们他们开始使用，甚至开发自由软件，由此扩大了我们的社区。然而如此的"
+"扩张仅仅是表面上的，停留在仅仅关注实用的层次上。由于开源的哲学仅仅停留在实用"
+"层面，进而阻碍了人们理解自由软件更深层次的含义。它为我们的社区添加了新鲜血"
+"液，却没能教会那些新人如何维持这样一个社区。至此为止，倒也还好，但它还不足以"
+"捍卫自由。把用户吸引到自由软件社区来，仅仅是万里长征的第一步，他们还需要懂得"
+"去成为自己自由的维护者。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to proprietary "
+"software for some practical advantage.  Countless companies seek to offer "
+"such temptation, some even offering copies gratis.  Why would users decline? "
+"Only if they have learned to value the freedom free software gives them, to "
+"value freedom in and of itself rather than the technical and practical "
+"convenience of specific free software.  To spread this idea, we have to talk "
+"about freedom.  A certain amount of the &ldquo;keep quiet&rdquo; approach to "
+"business can be useful for the community, but it is dangerous if it becomes "
+"so common that the love of freedom comes to seem like an eccentricity."
+msgstr ""
+"这些没能理解自由软件含义的用户，早晚会出于某些实用角度的考虑，再转投专有软"
+"件。无数的软件公司已经开始做出这样的尝试吸引用户使用专有软件，哪怕是发行免费"
+"的专有软件。用户只有在懂得珍视自由软件赋予他们的自由之后，才会拒绝如此诱惑。"
+"所以，我们必须反复强调自由，才能渐渐扩散自由的理念。&ldquo;保持沉默&rdquo;的"
+"信条在商业化的过程中可能会有用，但过分强调它，让热爱自由被视为自私，则会害了"
+"整个社区。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That dangerous situation is exactly what we have.  Most people involved with "
+"free software, especially its distributors, say little about freedom&mdash;"
+"usually because they seek to be &ldquo;more acceptable to business.&rdquo; "
+"Nearly all GNU/Linux operating system distributions add proprietary packages "
+"to the basic free system, and they invite users to consider this an "
+"advantage rather than a flaw."
+msgstr ""
+"如此的危机恰恰是我们当前面临的。众多参与自由软件社区的人们，尤其是自由软件的"
+"发行商们，对于自由总是闭口不谈 &mdash; 
往往是因为他们想要&ldquo;在商业上被认"
+"可&rdquo;。几乎所有 GNU/Linux 
的发行版都会在其基础版中搀入专有软件。它们甚至"
+"将此宣传有一种优势，而非缺陷。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary add-on software and partially nonfree GNU/Linux distributions "
+"find fertile ground because most of our community does not insist on freedom "
+"with its software.  This is no coincidence.  Most GNU/Linux users were "
+"introduced to the system through &ldquo;open source&rdquo; discussion, which "
+"doesn't say that freedom is a goal.  The practices that don't uphold freedom "
+"and the words that don't talk about freedom go hand in hand, each promoting "
+"the other.  To overcome this tendency, we need more, not less, talk about "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"带有专有插件的软件，和含有专有软件的 GNU/Linux 
发行版之所以有生存和发展的空"
+"间，就是因为我们社区中大多数人并没有坚守自己的自由。这并非巧合。大多数
 GNU/"
+"Linux 
用户是被&ldquo;开源&rldquo;一词吸引而来，而开源则没有把维护用户自由作为"
+"其目标。无视自由的言论口口相传，漠视自由的态度比比皆是。人人如此，互相影响。"
+"要扭转这样的局势，我们唯一能做的，就是更多地谈论自由，而非把它搁置一边。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "总结"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As the advocates of open source draw new users into our community, we free "
+"software activists must shoulder the task of bringing the issue of freedom "
+"to their attention.  We have to say, &ldquo;It's free software and it gives "
+"you freedom!&rdquo;&mdash;more and louder than ever.  Every time you say "
+"&ldquo;free software&rdquo; rather than &ldquo;open source,&rdquo; you help "
+"our campaign."
+msgstr ""
+"开源的支持者们把一个个用户拉入他们的阵营，而提醒用户维护自由的任务，则落到了"
+"我们自由软件支持者们的肩膀上。我们要敢于用比以往更大的声音说&ldquo;这是自由软"
+"件，它才是真正尊重你的自由的软件！&rdquo;&mdash;每当你把&ldquo;开源软件"
+"&rdquo;一词替换成&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;的时候，你就是在支持我们的运动。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Notes"
+msgstr "脚注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Joe Barr's article, <a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/";
+"LWD010523vcontrol4\">&ldquo;Live and let license,&rdquo;</a> gives his "
+"perspective on this issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Joe Barr 的 <a 
href=\"http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4\";>这篇文章</"
+"a> 阐述了他对于这个问题的立场。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lakhani and Wolf's <a href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-";
+"management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/"
+"lakhaniwolf.pdf\">paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> "
+"says that a considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software "
+"should be free.  This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers "
+"on SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an "
+"ethical issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Lakhani 和 Wolf 在关于自由软件开发者动机的 <a 
href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/";
+"courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-"
+"trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf\">论文</a> 
中提到，很大一部分开发"
+"者都认为软件本该自由，由此才参与开发自由软件的。可惜他们的调查的是SourceForge"
+"上的开发者，而SourceForge网站本身则并不认为软件自由是个伦理问题。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:g...@gnu.org\";>&lt;"
+"g...@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会与 GNU 
的查询与问题（以英语）发送到<a href=\"mailto:";
+"g...@gnu.org\">&lt;g...@gnu.org&gt;</a>。您也可以通过 <a 
href=\"/contact/\">其"
+"它方法</a> 联系自由软件基金会。 "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\";>&lt;webmast...@gnu.org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"发现任何错误和链接或其它需要更正的地方（或任何建议），请发送邮件至
 <a href="
+"\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\";>&lt;webmast...@gnu.org&gt;</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2007, 2010 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "版权所有 &copy; 2007，2010 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"本文允许在不变更内容的前提下无需使用费的全文复制和发布在全球任何媒体，但需保"
+"留此注记和版权声明。 "
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译</b>: 邓楠 （Nan Deng）\n"
+"<b>审校</b>: 李凡希"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr "其他语言"