Hi, In my opinion, it is better to use « chargeur d’amorçage » as it is widely understood (from my point of view), even if it is used less.
The fact that it is more popular and widely used should not stop us from using it, it’s okay to use more advanced French in written works: you don’t see authors use oral expressions because it is easier to undersand, the quality of their French has value. That said, it is mostly my opinion and its fine for me to use « bootloader » as long as it is added to the glossary :) On a larger scale, I would rather use all the french words if they exist, as this is a translation after all and users may not speak english at all (theoretically). +1 for « chargeur d’amorçage », Noé