> On Apr 22, 2024, at 3:45 PM, Mike Katz <bit...@12bitsbest.com> wrote:
> 
> Cycle accurate emulation becomes impossible in the following circumstances:
>       • Branch prediction and pipelining can cause out of order execution and 
> the execution path become data dependent. ...

I disagree.  Clearly a logic model will do cycle accurate simulation.  So an 
abstraction of that which still preserves the details of out of order 
execution, data dependency, etc., will also be cycle accurate.

It certainly is true that modern high performance processors with all those 
complexities are hard to simulate, but not impossible.

        paul


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