An interesting thought occurred to me earlier today. The absorption of a proton by a nucleus should be considered an elastic event. All of the energy and momentum imparted upon the proton by the combination of coulomb force and then strong force should be conserved. The energy radiated by the accelerated proton charge during the event is the only outlet path initially. If we assume that most of the 8 MeV or so of binding energy remains with the proton as it is accelerated rapidly toward the nucleus then it will collide with a violent impact. If the target nucleus is nickel 62 the combination becomes copper 63 with a lot of excess energy. It seems reasonable to consider that the kinetic energy of the proton would become spread over the entire group of nucleons in some manner. I picture a bell or drum when I think of the energy distribution where there could easily be many resonate modes excited by this impulsive strike.
It is my understanding that any accelerating charged particle such as an electron or proton radiates electromagnetic energy. Also, all of the linear systems that I am aware of that are complex with many resonances oscillate at various sinusoidal frequencies. If the protons within the copper 63 nucleus are oscillating in this manner then they would radiate away the excess energy at a decay rate that depends upon the degree of external coupling for each resonate mode. Further, the magnitude of the output gamma spectrum would depend upon which modes exist and are excited by the impact. The conservation of momentum should also limit the possible resonate modes(think of the swinging metal balls toy). This hypothesis should be testable by analysis of the gamma spectrum. The isomer question keeps nagging me since it suggests that the nucleus must have two stable states that are at different energy levels. The only mental picture that I can draw is the one you mention where the nucleus has a different physical distribution of its protons and neutrons. This seems strange since one might expect a decay event to occur in a fairly short time frame to arrive at the lowest energy state. Actually I think that is what is happening! The main question remaining is to understand the time constant. Once I gave significant thought to the concept of radiation from protons or other charged particles. A simple way to visualize that protons radiate exactly the same as electrons is to consider what happens when a hydrogen atom is accelerated. If you are located in the far field region then the radiation due to the electron acceleration is exactly canceled by that of the proton so that there is no net effect. We should give consideration to as many reaction schemes as possible. I think that the reaction you show would end in D2 when the two protons collide and then beta plus decay. You mention the attenuation aspect of the gamma ray emissions. That is my major hang up at this time. It just does not make sense that it is possible to catch the hounds once they escape the pen. I still do not have a mental picture of how the photoelectric effect works where a light photon that is many times larger than a single electron nevertheless only results in the emission of one electron from a metal surface. I need to find one of those quantum mechanics wands to wave over any problem to find a solution. My mind still thinks in a classical sense most of the time. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Eric Walker <[email protected]> To: vortex-l <[email protected]> Sent: Thu, Jun 28, 2012 12:25 am Subject: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]: Dave’s Demon and Radiation Free LENR On Tue, Jun 26, 2012 at 10:36 PM, David Roberson <[email protected]> wrote: Remember that this is a hypothesis and the coupling between a significant number of protons has not been proven. Also, it needs to be shown that the gamma ray that is typically released at the moment that the proton enters the nucleus originates from the acceleration of that proton and not some other mechanism. We know that gammas are emitted by nuclei in other contexts, such as that of a metastable isomer. Such an isomer will give off a gamma at some point uncorrelated with a scattering event. The explanation I have read is that the nucleons are settling into a more stable arrangement. The image I have in my mind is of very dense, heavy magnets screeching a little as they snap into a more stable configuration. Given that metastable isomers emit gammas at the rate of some half life, I see no problem with a similar phenomenon happening at the moment of a fusion event. I have not read anything about protons giving off electromagnetic radiation, although I have wondered about it, in light of the usual explanation that EM radiation has its origin in the acceleration of electrostatically charged particles. I wonder if that explanation is a convenient approximation. In my reading so far I have only seen EM radiation come from electrons and nuclei. About attenuation, I've been wondering how to get from 8 MeV or something in this range to the 50 to 100 keV that Andrea Rossi mentioned to the government employee in Florida (I'm just using his numbers as a representative example). I'm hoping to figure out how EM radiation at these lower energies might be fed into a self-sustaining thermodynamic system that yields energy primarily in the form of soft x-rays and EUV. For my own thinking I am currently exploring conventional reactions such as 2p -> 2He -> 2H + e+ + v. Note that 50 to 100 keV are hard x-rays. If this is a characteristic range, I do not imagine that you would want to keep an unshielded LENR reactor in your closet. I am optimistic about the attenuation problem; this might be due to having recently read enough phys.org articles to appreciate that there are some truly weird electromagnetic phenomena, especially at the quantum level. Microwaves on the order of 12cm cause a resonance in tiny water molecules. Lightening gives rise to EM radiation in the range of 10 to 500 Hz, at wavelengths of 30,000 to 600 km. And nano-sized electric components emit radio-frequency signals. I am hoping there might be some similar weirdness in reverse, such that a fusion event can be coerced into releasing lower-frequency radiation, or its byproducts can be safely wound down. There is a field called nonlinear optics, which includes a number of interesting leads: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_electrodynamics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_parametric_down_conversion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterodyne#Optical_heterodyning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_amplification http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulational_instability I imagine that it is unlikely given the relative sizes involved, but there might even be some kind of gamma ray optics going on. I don't know about the proton ensemble. Do protons ever act in concert like that outside of a nucleus? Do they emit radiation? Eric
