Very interesting ...

What would be the difference if we think it in this way:

p -> q
q ^ p -> ~r
q ^ ~p -> r
p -> s
and s is ~r.

or think it in a probabilistic way, if we let:

p: born in New York
q: born in United States
r: born in New Jersey

then we have:

P(q|p) = 1
P(r|q) = v
P(r|p) = 0
P(r|p,q) = 0

Zhongli Ding
CSEE, UMBC

On Tue, 12 Jul 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> Consider the following line of reasoning. Let p be the proposition "Ronald 
> was born in New York." From p, we can infer q: Ronald was born in the United 
> States. From q, we can infer r: It is possible that Ronald was born in New 
> Jersey. On the other hand, from p we can infer s: It is not possible that 
> Ronald was born in New Jersey. We have arrived at a contradiction. What is 
> wrong? Note: To answer the question, familiarity with modal logic is not 
> needed.
>
> --
> Lotfi A. Zadeh
> Professor in the Graduate School, Computer Science Division
> Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
> University of California
> Berkeley, CA 94720 -1776
> Director, Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC)
> Tel.(office): (510) 642-4959
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