On Tue, 12 Jul 2005 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> Consider the following line of reasoning. Let p be the proposition
> "Ronald was born in New York." From p, we can infer q: Ronald was born
> in the United States.

> From q, we can infer r: It is possible that Ronald
> was born in New Jersey.

That's not an inference from q. Prior to learning q, r was the description 
of our state of knowledge regarding whether Ronald was born in New Jersey, 
and learning q does not change this. (At least not if your description of 
your state of knowledge is non-quantitative as presented here.)

> On the other hand, from p we can infer s: It is
> not possible that Ronald was born in New Jersey. We have arrived at a
> contradiction. What is wrong? Note: To answer the question, familiarity
> with modal logic is not needed.

Nothing is wrong. On learning p our state of knowledge changes. From p and
q our inference is different than from q alone.

There is no paradox - the only way a problem will arise is if you use a
reasoning framework that cannot accommodate the way beliefs change as
knowledge is added.

Konrad
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