I've been doing some research, perhaps towards producing a formal proposal page, of how bakery and confectionery should be handled for the United States (and perhaps some of the other English speaking countries - I hope those from Britain, Canada, Australia, etc. would identify their country and comment what works for them). I've consulted existing OSM entries, business directories, government sources, web sources, dictionaries, thesauruses, and talked with people and used personal experience. The following is written with an American view (or at least a Western American view), so when I use "most people", "most", "all", "none", or like terms please interpret it as U.S.-centric.
The U.S. is the land of the supermarket. The majority of the people here have not set foot in a shop devoted to the retail sale of baked goods in the last year. Take away the national commercial bakery outlet stores (often thought of as day-old stores) and the number plummets further. As to meaning, the most common interpretation of a bakery shop is a place that sells cakes, pies, and/or pastries. Step into a shop with "Bakery" in the name, other than a national bakery outlet or one with "Cafe and Bakery" as part of the name, expecting to buy a loaf of white, brown, french, or other common yeast bread and you will be disappointed over 90% of the time. Bread is not typically thought of unless the shop name has the word "Bread" in it. In Colorado Springs, a city and urban area of half a million, I know of two shops which specialize in "everyday" loaf bread. There may be more that don't advertise in business directories. print media, or have a web presence; (ideally, OSM could become the go-to source for them). To buy everyday bread, one goes to the bread aisle of the supermarket or other general food store, or to the bakery department of such stores. The supermarkets even carry or make artisan lines of bread and sometimes feature fresh hot french bread at specific times during the day. For custom breads, one might go to a combination cafe and bakery or a delicatessen. I know California has artisan bread shops but they have not generally reached Colorado. There are artisan bakers, but they use other retail outlets to market their product. For other types of bakery goods, supermarkets are the first choice, but bakery shop is an option for the average shopper. Nationality is often associated with a bakery, Danish, Dutch, French, German, and Mexican were encountered when Ii looked at Colorado bakeries.and I'm sure many other nationalities are used with bakeries in the state of Colorado and the U.S. The only nationality association that usually featured (but not always) loaf yeast breads was French. The others did not carry it at all or it was a very minor display. Mexican bakeries typically feature tortillas (sometimes referred to in the Western U.S. as the national bread of Mexico) and may not carry loaf bread at all. Cafes with a retail bakery counter are very common, where the counter does substantial business but not enough to sustain a standalone bakery shop or where the synergy allows both to do better than as stand-alones. The bakery products are often but not always a feature of the cafe menu. I would tend to map these as two nodes within the space, amenity=cafe and shop=bakery. Catering businesses also often feature bakery counters, again double nodes seem appropriate. I would not use a shop=bakery node where a bakery counter is incidental, or very minor to the business. As for confectionery shops, most people have to think a moment as what they are, then none associate pastries with them. They think of them as places for candy or chocolates. A very few shops sell both candies and pastries, but do not call the pastries "confections" Finding a good name for something is often 90% of the battle of doing a data category right, and terminology is definitely a problem. The word for eat-everyday, baked unsweetened yeast dough loaf is "bread". Smaller than a loaf bread is most typically called a roll. But, bread also has a general meaning that includes egg bread, sweetened bread, holiday bread, quick bread, etc. Baked goods is interpreted by some to include pizzas, calzones, and other products, but these same people would not go to a bakery for these products. "Bakery goods" would not be interpreted by most to include pizzas and the like, but is not commonly used. There is not a good term for the group of sweetened bread, and non-bread/non-roll bakery products. To most people, pastries does not include cakes, cookies, and some other non-bread baked dough. Some separate out pies and tarts from pastries, but most would not be mislead by including them as pastries. So the solution should not be bread and pastries; but bread, pastries, and other categories. Notes: Even everyday bread often uses a small amount of some sweetener, here I use non-sweetened to mean not characterized by a noticeably sweet or dessert like taste. I would include within bakery, a (very) few products that Americans would visit a bakery or bakery counter for that may not be baked or use flour, such as fritters (usually deep fried), some flat breads (often fried) or such as pies with nut crusts and flour-less chocolate cake. As for confectionery and pastry, I can find only a few places where they or bakery and confection cross. Thesauruses sometimes list pastry and confection as synonyms, but only when considered as the general class of "sweet things" which includes as other synonyms products not found in either a bakery or a confectionery. There is the very specific Petite Four which is labeled both a pastry and a confection (understandable since many of them are a combination of the two and some look like a candy or chocolates). Some commercial bakeries list their otherwise hard to categorize products such as Twinkies, Ding Dongs, Yohos, Snoballs, etc, as confectionery items; but these are not considered pastries by most Americans. Wedding bakery shops call the adornments on the cakes confections, but not the cake itself. Some wedding bakeries also call the "snacks" they sell for placement by each guest confectionery and typically include Jordan almonds, butter mints, other candies, petite fours, and nuts (sometimes candied, sometimes salted) on their confectionery list. The U.S. Department of labor says bakers produce pastries, candy and confectionery workers do not. Business directories do not mix the two except for businesses which sell both. So the OSM feature page entry of shop=confectionery as "A shop selling sweets and pastry" is at best misleading, and in my view is dead wrong and pastry should be removed. It's as bad as having a road a kilometer from its real location, an American looking for it is going to have a hard time finding it. For the average American, "A shop selling sweets." would work fine, perhaps with subcategories as to whether they sell candy, chocolates, or both; since we we have shops that specialize in one or the other. The OSM feature wepage defintion for craft=confectionery is okay, but could be improved by not using the semi-circular definition of "food item which is called a confection". Both could benefit by a pointer to the wikipedia confectionery webpage. As an aside, in the sources I checked, ice cream is often categorized as a confection and is produced by confectionery workers, but I'm much happier with it not being listed as a confection in OSM. Now some numbers. There are 33 "bakery in Colorado" entries in OSM. Categorized by the primary product(s) they sell (determined by visiting the business webpages where available, reading reviews, looking at business classifications, and used personal knowledge): Bagel 2 Bread 3 Cake 6 (most also had cupcakes, one wedding one also featured confections (candies, mints nuts)) Cookie 3 Cupcake 2 Muffin 2 Pastry (the restrictive definition) 2 Tortilla 1 Non-bread bakery goods (many kinds except bread loaves or rolls) 6 Non-bread bakery goods and bread 4 Pastry and cookie 1 Pastry and donut 1 (To acknowledge personal involvement, two of the bread, one of the cake, and one of the non-bread bakery goods shops are my entries.) There were 0 (zero) "confectionery in Colorado" entries in OSM. Disappointing as we have some excellent local chocolate and candy makers and shops - I'll have to get on mapping those :-) Using the Colorado Springs telephone business ad directory (yellow pages) headings and my subcategories. Heading: Bakery - retail Bread 3 Cake 5 Cupcake 2 Non-bread 6 Performance bars 1 Pretzel 1 Grocers 15 (a few of the supermarkets and smaller groceries listed their bakery departments) Unknown 11 Heading: Bagel 3 Heading: Cookies and crackers 3 Heading: Donut 8 Heading: Candy and confectionery 14 Heading: Chocolate 5 Caveats for the above: The same business may appear in multiple headings, however none appeared in both the baked goods headings and the Candy/Chocolate headings. I did look for headings related to all my categories, but many did not exist - they might in a lager city. Many small businesses do not pay to be in yellow type pages and I was not about to scan the business white page listings, so I'm sure Colorado Springs has many more than businesses than counted above. Next I looked how business directories (Colorado Springs, Denver, Los Angeles in specific) and others categorized bakeries. The following set was commonly used: Bagels Bread Donuts Cakes and Cupcakes Cookies Pies Pastries Special Diets Vegan and Vegetarian So my recommendations for bakery. Start with the following subcategories for bakery given with examples of American usage of names for items they would include.. Bagel: bagels Bread: yeast bread, artisan bread, rustic bread, dinner roll, hard roll, flat bread, soda bread, baguettes, ciabatta bread, focaccia, pita, tortilla Donut: donuts Cake: layer cake, snack cake, sheet cake, bundt cake, pound cake, sponge cake, cupcake, wedding cake, torte., fruit cake, nut cake. Cookie: cookies, brownies, blondies, bar cookies Pie: Pies, tarts, quiche Pastry: baklava, croissants, danish pastry, kolachy, puff pastry (cream puff, eclairs), pasties, roly-poly, strudel, turnovers (and also point to the wkipedia pastries entry) Another category which I'm struggling for a name, so I'll start with specialty_bread, but think there must be a better term. Specialty_breads: sweetened breads, monkey bread, hoiliday breads, briocche, challah, stollen, quick breads, banana bread, zucchini bread, buns, cinnamon rolls, sweet rolls, twists, corn bread, spoon bread, muffins, biscuits, english muffins, scones, popovers. Another category which could have a better name than I'll give it here (bakery cookbooks sometimes use fruit desserts as the category, but I wonder if that name might be confusing). These are rarely found at stand-alone bakery shops, but are found at retail bakery counters in cafes and some bakery departments in grocery stores. This one may not be needed, may be very American, but would add completeness to possible bakery categories if one did tag such a shop. Cobbler: cobblers, betties, buckles, crisps, crumbles, pandowdy, grunts, slumps, fruit dumplings. Of the proposals how to handle these categories, I could go along with these as categories equivalent to shop=bakery; i.e., shop=cookie, shop=pastry, etc. but prefer the proposal others put forward of shop=bakery further annotated with bread=yes, cookie=yes, cake=yes, etc. for the following reasons: For many of the bakeries here it would be hard to pick the primary product and [category]=yes solves that. It fits with the American's expectation to look for a bakery first then a subcategory. It would allow for a better OSM wiki webpages where one can comfortably go into more detail and examples than one would on the features page. (half a :-) on this last one.) I think use of the cuisine=nationality (primarily for bakeries claiming a different nationality that that of their location) and the diet=* (non-gluten is somewhat of a rage here currently) as very appropriate with shop=bakery. Comments including "bad idea" or "go for the formal proposal" welcome. Improvements or a better way than this to tag would be especially welcome :-) Murry
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