In a message dated 3/29/00 7:22:09 AM Pacific Standard Time, 
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

<<  I would add 
 that if this phenomenon is indeed responsible for the problems were having 
 with the profiles, then the tube manufacturers should challenged to address 
 the matter.  It would appear that a simple shield, with a slot in it, 
 between the filament and the anode would solve this (most unpleasant) 
 problem. >>

If you crack open a sealed X-ray tube, you will see that " a simple shield, 
with a slot in it, between the filament and the anode" is indeed in place and 
serves as the bias cup for electron focussing. Unlike for open tube systems, 
this bias cannot be regulated independently and is at filament heater 
potential. As the filament ages, it will sag and lose its intended position 
with respect to the cup opening. Defocussing sets in and it seems you cannot 
do much about it with current W-filament technology.   

L. Keller

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