111the following abstract from Nature addresses Jurg’s comments regarding spin
Letter | Published: 12 June 2019<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#article-info> Spin–orbit-driven band inversion in bilayer graphene by the van der Waals proximity effect * J. O. Island<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-1>, * X. Cui<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-2>, * C. Lewandowski<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-3>, * J. Y. Khoo<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-4>, * E. M. Spanton<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-5>, * H. Zhou<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-6>, * D. Rhodes<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-7>, * J. C. Hone<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-8>, * T. Taniguchi<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-9>, * K. Watanabe<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-10>, * L. S. Levitov<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-11>, * M. P. Zaletel<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-12> & * A. F. Young<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#auth-13> Naturevolume 571, pages85–89 (2019) | Download Citation <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2.ris> Abstract Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is the key to realizing time-reversal-invariant topological phases of matter1<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR1>,2<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR2>. SOC was predicted by Kane and Mele3<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR3> to stabilize a quantum spin Hall insulator; however, the weak intrinsic SOC in monolayer graphene4<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR4>,5<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR5>,6<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR6>,7<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR7> has precluded experimental observation in this material. Here we exploit a layer-selective proximity effect—achieved via a van der Waals contact with a semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenide8<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR8>,9<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR9>,10<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR10>,11<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR11>,12<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR12>,13<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR13>,14<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR14>,15<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR15>,16<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR16>,17<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR17>,18<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR18>,19<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR19>,20<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR20>,21<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR21>—to engineer Kane–Mele SOC in ultra clean bilayer graphene. Using high-resolution capacitance measurements to probe the bulk electronic compressibility, we find that SOC leads to the formation of a distinct, incompressible, gapped phase at charge neutrality. The experimental data agree quantitatively with a simple theoretical model in which the new phase results from SOC-driven band inversion. In contrast to Kane–Mele SOC in monolayer graphene, the inverted phase is not expected to be a time-reversal-invariant topological insulator, despite being separated from conventional band insulators by electric-field-tuned phase transitions where crystal symmetry mandates that the bulk gap must close22<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2#ref-CR22>. Our electrical transport measurements reveal that the inverted phase has a conductivity of approximately e2/h (where e is the electron charge and h Planck’s constant), which is suppressed by exceptionally small in-plane magnetic fields. The high conductivity and anomalous magnetoresistance are consistent with theoretical models that predict helical edge states within the inverted phase that are protected from backscattering by an emergent spin symmetry that remains robust even for large Rashba SOC. Our results pave the way for proximity engineering of strong topological insulators as well as correlated quantum phases in the strong spin–orbit regime in graphene heterostructures. Acknowledgements Experimental work at UCSB was supported by the ARO under award MURI W911NF-16-1-0361. D.R. and J.C.H. acknowledge support by the US Department of Energy, DE-SC0016703, for synthesis of WSe2 crystals. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan, and the CREST (JPMJCR15F3), JST. M.P.Z. was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05-CH11231 (van der Waals heterostructures programme, KCWF16). A.F.Y. acknowledges the support of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Alfred. P. Sloan Foundation. J.O.I. acknowledges the support of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) through the Rubicon grant, project number 680-50-1525/2474. C.L. and L.S.L. acknowledge support of the STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials under NSF grant no. DMR-1231319. J.Y.K. acknowledges support by the National Science Scholarship from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement no. DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. Measurements made use of a dilution refrigerator funded through the Major Research Instrumentation Program of the US National Science Foundation under award no. DMR-1531389, and the MRL Shared Experimental Facilities, which are supported by the MRSEC Program of the US National Science Foundation under award no. DMR-1720256. Author information Affiliations 1. Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA * J. O. Island * , X. Cui * , E. M. Spanton * , H. Zhou * & A. F. Young 2. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA * C. Lewandowski * , J. Y. Khoo * & L. S. Levitov 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA * D. Rhodes * & J. C. Hone 4. Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan * T. Taniguchi * & K. Watanabe 5. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA * M. P. Zaletel Corresponding author Correspondence to A. F. Young<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1304-2/email/correspondent/c1/new>. _________________________________________________ Sent from Mail<https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986> for Windows 10 From: Jürg Wyttenbach<mailto:[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, July 3, 2019 5:03 AM To: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> Subject: Re: [Vo]:Framing the dynamics of the Mizuno breakthrough As the orbit of all EM mass (except potentials and charge rest-mass that are residuals) is given by the Cliford torus surface it is simple to understand that a proper polarized photon has the right orbit to attach to the magnetic mass flux. As all mass - that's what counts - is given by EM-flux you can simply say that light = mass, if it is attached to the SO(4) orbit. The mass =EM-flux of two "spin paired" electrons e.g. in 4-He or as a copper pair moves on a "SO(4) orbit". In the BEC/SC case the spin orbits expand and this of course looks like electron pairs/triples do a net movement. But this net movement must be acceleration (except in given radial orbit..) free as the total momentum of an SC current is constant. If we had (linear) acceleration & deceleration (of charge) then we also should see radiation! In a linear conductor such a movement looks similar to a 2D sinus curve. But this picture is a simplification... Of course copper pairs were a proper first solution of SC and Hirsch's spin-current the more general solution. Know people must start to understand the true (SO(4)) orbits of mass, that are able to explain the particle structures. Whether in LENR a whole Pd particle can take part in an SC state or whether it's size/boundary is important has to be shown. In my view the loaded deuterium (D(0)) inside Pd is the carrier of SC. This is inline with Holmlid's analysis of ejected Dx compounds. Jürg Am 02.07.19 um 20:53 schrieb JonesBeene: From: Jürg Wyttenbach<mailto:[email protected]> * The connection missing since decades was the fact that super-conduction is spin-current and not electron flux and not copper pair flux. This situation would seem to favor “local superconductivity” such as where a palladium nanoparticle absorbs light in a narrow frequency range. If the nanoparticle is roughly spherical, as a result of burnishing when it was applied, then both electric and spin current could circulate internally in that particle. There would be no bulk effect of high electron flux. You seem to be saying that superconductivity is all spin and only spin. Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that superconductivity involves both spin-current and electron flux and neither is exclusive. Recent papers suggest that these two dynamics are present in various proportions in different materials - which seems to be the message from papers like the one from Nature last year, and others where only spin current is seen. Unlike spin-singlet Cooper pairs, spin-triplet pairs carry spin - therefore spin could be intrinsic to a particular kind of Cooper pair.. “Enhanced spin pumping into superconductors provides evidence for superconducting pure spin currents” https://phys.org/news/2018-04-superconductors-currents.html https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0058-9 Jones -- Jürg Wyttenbach Bifangstr.22 8910 Affoltern a.A. 044 760 14 18 079 246 36 06
