']) if 'e' else []+['dud']
which evaluates to
[]+['dud']+['e']
because the if...else finally takes the second branch since the x value is
now an empty string.
I've left the list additions undone .. tracing the actual data objects would
show plain lists. One of the disadvantages of lambdas is that you can't
stick trace printouts into them to clarify what's happening. Rewriting the
thing as a plain def function would be instructive.
Mel.
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rt a variable into the format
> specification to achieve the desirable padding.
>
> I would be much obliged if someone can give me some tips on how to
> achieve a variably pad a number.
:)
('%%0%dd' % (pads,)) % (n,)
Probably be good to wrap it in a function. It looks k
d sequence
## 3: the rest of data
## so use str.split and str.match to pull out the individual arguments,
## and lastly
data = match.group (3)
This is all from memory. I might have got some details wrong in recognizer.
Mel.
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icense" for more information.
>>> class Character (object):
... health = 50
... def __init__ (self, name):
... self.name = name
... print self.name, self.health
...
>>> Character ('Eunice')
Eunice 50
where the class attribute is used until it's overridden in the instance.
Mel.
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hem into the standard game config files.
AFAIK you are stuck with the attributes the game is programmed for. I've
seen no way to create a new dimension for the game -- Conversation, for
instance, with currently unknown attributes like vocabulary or tone.
Mel.
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watch. factors.py works, as does yours, by
testing for small factors first, but it divides them out as it goes, so it
tends to do its work on smallish numbers. And since the smallest factors
are taken out as soon as possible, they have to be the prime ones.
Good hunting, Mel.
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X_NOPERM', 'EX_NOUSER', 'EX_OK', 'EX_OSERR', 'EX_OSFILE',
'EX_PROTOCOL', 'EX_SOFTWARE', 'EX_TEMPFAIL', 'EX_UNAVAILABLE', 'EX_USAGE',
'F_OK', 'NGROUPS_MAX', 'O_APPEND', 'O_ASYNC', 'O_CREAT', 'O_DIRECT',
'O_DIRECTORY', 'O_DSYNC', 'O_EXCL', 'O_LARGEFILE', 'O_NDELAY', 'O_NOATIME',
'O_NOCTTY', 'O_NOFOLLOW', 'O_NONBLOCK
etc.
Mel.
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in this case, 20) would be an easy way of finding which numbers
> to test.
These are almost "trick questions" in a way, because of the math behind
them. If the question were "What is the tallest high-school student in
Scranton, PA?" then searching a population for the property would be the
only way to go. BUT you can also build up the answer knowing the
factorization of all the numbers up to 20.
Mel.
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uot;,
> it would be *disastrous* if iterables worked that way. I can't imagine
> how many bugs would occur from people reassigning to the loop variable,
> forgetting that it had a side-effect of also reassigning to the iterable.
> Fortunately, Python is not that badly designed.
And for an iterator like
def things():
yield 1
yield 11
yield 4
yield 9
I don't know what it could even mean.
Mel.
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one sig fig or two?
>
> Two.
>
>> (Just vaguely curious. Also curious as to
>> whether a zero sig figures value is ever useful.)
>
> Yes. They're order of magnitude estimates. 1 x 10^6 has one
> significant figure. 10^6 has zero.
By convention, nobody eve
Erik Max Francis wrote:
> Mel wrote:
>> Erik Max Francis wrote:
>>
>>> Chris Angelico wrote:
>>>> On Tue, Jun 28, 2011 at 12:56 PM, Steven D'Aprano
>>>> wrote:
>>>>> Zero sig figure: 0
>>> That's not really zero
s have Create methods, for filling in
various attributes in "two-step construction". I'm not sure why, because it
works so well to just supply all the details when the class is called and an
instance is constructed. Maybe there's some C++ strategy that's being
supported there.
Mel.
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Ian Kelly wrote:
> On Wed, Jul 6, 2011 at 12:49 AM, Ulrich Eckhardt
> wrote:
>> Mel wrote:
>>> In wx, many of the window classes have Create methods, for filling in
>>> various attributes in "two-step construction". I'm not sure why,
>>> b
once; that is when the def statement is executed.
Later on, when file_to_hash gets called, the value of m is either used as
is, as the default parameter, or is replaced for the duration of the call by
another object supplied by the caller.
Mel.
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to assign a fresh message handler to a new input message. Docs are via the
Python Global Module Index, source is in some directory like
/usr/lib/python2.6/SocketServer.py , .../BaseHTTPServer.py , etc.
Mel.
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ny help, I think (some of?) the database interface packages already
do just that, returning None when they find NULL fields.
Mel.
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roid/subscribe?hl=en_US>, <mailto:python-for-
android+subscr...@googlegroups.com>
. Tends to be pretty detail-oriented.
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roid/subscribe?hl=en_US>, <mailto:python-for-
android+subscr...@googlegroups.com>
. Tends to be pretty detail-oriented.
Mel.
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you intend to re-use the Dialog object, it's not a memory leak.
Mel.
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__class__
__delattr__
__doc__
__format__
__getattribute__
__hash__
__init__
__iter__
__name__
__new__
__reduce__
__reduce_ex__
__repr__
__setattr__
__sizeof__
__str__
__subclasshook__
close
gi_code
gi_frame
gi_running
next
send
throw
in the form of the gi_code attribute. No idea what it's for, although no
reason to believe it shouldn't be there. (Very interesting demo you gave of
primitive object creation. I' awed.)
Mel.
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3, Apr 16 2010, 13:09:56)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import itertools
>>> li1 = ['a', 'b']
>>> li2 = ['1', '2']
>>> map (lambda (x,y):x+y, list (itertools.product (li1, li2)))
['a1', 'a2', 'b1', 'b2']
Mel.
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Mel wrote:
> Yingjie Lin wrote:
>> I have two lists:
>>
>> li1 = ['a', 'b']
>> li2 = ['1', '2']
>>
>> and I wish to obtain a list like this
>>
>> li3 = ['a1', 'a2', 'b1',
mentError, or StandardError will detect the exception -- with
increasing levels of generality.
Mel.
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too big. If it's
too big, factoring it into sub-steps and making functions of some of those
sub-steps is the fix.
Mel.
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would be the O.P.'s job.
Mel.
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eed that level of precision just to gather all
> the students into the auditorium?
You would think so, but darned if some of them don't wind up in a
*different* *auditorium*!
Mel.
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mage_rank.py bears2.jpg *.jpg
bears2.jpg
bears2.jpg0.00
bears3.jpg 15.37
bears1.jpg 19.20
sky1.jpg 23.20
sky2.jpg 23.37
ff1.jpg 25.30
lake1.jpg 26.38
water1.jpg 26.98
ff2.jpg 28.43
roses1.jpg 32.01
I'd vaguely wanted to do something like this for a while, but I never dug
far enough into PIL to even get started. An additional kind of ranking that
takes colour into account would also be good -- that's the first one I never
did.
Cheers, Mel.
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ubes the complexity of the answer.
Might be too complicated to know what to do with an answer like that.
Mel.
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s an argument
and moved the `for v in ...` inside the function.)
> Would a database in a file have any advantages over a file made
> by marshal or shelve?
Depends. An sqlite3 database file is usable by programs not written in
Python.
> I'm more worried about the fact that a python
-- a lot of blue sky at sunny mid-day;
> -- a bit of light white clouds in the sky;
>
> In short,
> the notion of similarity can be speculated about just endlessly.
Exactly. That's the kind of similarity I would call valid. That's what my
algorithms, if I ever finis
d)
[ ... ]
'_qinf_force32' : 0x
> }
I handled this problem in a kind of cheap, nasty way with (untested)
for k, v in QCam_Info.items():
QCam_Info[v] = k
Then the dictionary lookups work both ways.
Mel.
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in more than, say, one underscore. That way, nice descriptive
application module names like 'analyzer_tool_utils' and such would always be
safe to use.
Mel.
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get(attribute, lambda x: True)(value):
raise ValueError ('error out of bound')
or define a subclass of ValueError just for this purpose. On error, the
program will stop just as dead, but you'll get a trace.
Mel.
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here any reason why cmp being a useful
> argument of sort should indicate that __cmp__ should be retained in
> classes.
I would have thought that the upper limit of cost of supporting cmp= and
key= would be two different internal front-ends to the internal
internal sort.
Mel.
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gt; F2: 0xBC
> F7: 0xC1
True. The key-release codes are the key-press codes (the "key numbers")
but with the high-order bit set.
Mel.
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> the error message i posted.
>
> So its not that the if condition is wrong but something happens with
> the form variable 'mail' .
My wild guess is that the trouble is in `if "@" in mail` . You can only
test somthing `in` something if the second thing i
odd Unicode character sets is going to be foreign,) and
generally internationalized data processing.
Mel.
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Do you have an example of this wasteful litigation?
>
> You have to be kidding, right? Check *any* of the sites I listed
> above and read about it... software idea patent litigation is a business
> now worth billions of dollars per year.
One of the premier sites:
http://www
th something else:
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:09:56)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> bool(y=5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
TypeError: 'y' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
Mel.
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ge is
good when you can get it, especially for abstract things like that.
I can sort of guess that `dir` was perhaps coded in C for speed and doesn't
spend time looking for complicated argument lists.
Python is a pragmatic language, so all the rules come pre-broken.
Mel.
--
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ne:
return "right", tree_node.right
where adding the "left" and "right" markers makes the return? feature
impossible to use.
The proposed feature reminds me of the `zod` function (was that the actual
name?) that returned 0 rather than bringing on a Ze
I guess this means that a function's
> default arguments are evaluated in the parent context, but the body is
> evaluated in its own context?
The operation of calling a function has to evaluate arguments provided in
the caller's namespace and assign them to variables in the called
gt; k is d.keys()
> False
>
> So what is wrong with this iterator? Why am I getting this error message?
`ukeys` isn't a different dictionary from `self.updates.keys` I'ts merely
another name referring to the same dict object. I think
ukeys = dict (self.updates.keys)
would do what you want.
Mel.
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Mel wrote:
> Laszlo Nagy wrote:
> `ukeys` isn't a different dictionary from `self.updates.keys` I'ts merely
> another name referring to the same dict object. I think
>
> ukeys = dict (self.updates.keys)
>
> would do what you want.
Sorry. Belay that.
erl needs two completely
different kinds of comparison -- one that works as though its operands are
numbers, and one that works as though they're strings. Surprises to the
programmer who picks the wrong one.
Mel.
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ignored
Exception RuntimeError: 'maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a
Python object' in ignored
Error in sys.excepthook:
RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded
Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object
>>>
Mel.
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Westley MartÃnez wrote:
> On Fri, Apr 22, 2011 at 10:08:20AM -0400, Mel wrote:
[ ... ]
>> But sys.exit() doesn't return a string. My fave is
>>
>> Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:09:56)
>> [GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
>> Type "help", "co
identify_call (my_list)
>>> my_list
["If you can see this, you don't have call-by-value"]
so it's neither call-by-value nor call-by-reference as (e.g.) C or PL/I
programming would have it (don't know about Simula, so I am off topic,
actually.) It's not so wrong to think of Python's parameter handling as
ordinary assignments from outer namespaces to an inner namespace.
Mel.
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assignment works by rebinding. The two different bindings in
foo.__dict__ and globals() get bound to different integer objects.
Note too the possible use of `globals()['foo'].__dict__['var'] . (Hope
there are no typos in this post.)
Mel.
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rouble testing among float(5), int(5), Decimal(5) ...
Mel.
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d avoided FORTRAN's troubles the same way. Your function could corrupt
*a* 4, but it wouldn't corrupt the *only* 4.
Mel.
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Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> Some day, we'll be using quantum computers without memory addresses, [ ...
] it will still be possible to
> represent data indirectly via *some* mechanism.
:) Cool! Pass-by-coincidence! And Python 3 already has dibs on the
'nonlocal' keywor
roubles of its own; I never took it
through the knock-down drag-out disarticulation that would show what the
problems were.
Mel.
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"copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f = open ('xyzzy.txt')
>>> f.name
'xyzzy.txt'
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/home/mwilson'
>>> os.chdir('sandbox')
>>> f.name
'xyzzy.txt'
If you open a file and don't get a full path from os.path.abspath right
away, the name in the file instance can get out-of-date.
Mel.
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a tuple of suffixes to look for. With
> optional start, test beginning at that position. With optional end, stop
> comparing at that position.
>
> Any reason this is not a bug?
It's a wart at the very least. The same thing happened in Python2 with
range and xrange; there seemed no way to explicitly pass "default"
arguments.
Mel.
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do_some_things()
result = range (start, stop, span) # range doesn't(/didn't) accept this
return result
Tne answer in that case was to take *args as the parameter to wrapped_range
and count arguments to distinguish between the different calls to range.
Mel.
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users get at the internals, but things
like this make it worthwhile.
Mel.
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again when main
prints the object it knows as `a`. Python doesn't pass parameters by
handing around copies that can be thought of as local or global. Python
passes parameters by binding objects to names in the callee's namespace. In
your program the list known as `a` in main is identically the same list as
the one known as `c` in fnc2, and what happens happens.
Mel.
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_main__":
> _test()
>
> All tests are failing even though I am getting the correct output on
> the first two tests. And the last test still gives me "Of" instead of
> "of"
>
> Any help is appreciated.
I don't know about doctest -- I suspect it wants a structured docstring to
specify the tests -- but this
if title_split[0] in small_words:
new_title.append(word.title())
can't be what you want.
Mel.
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("__enter__")
@classmethod
def __exit__(cls, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
print("__exit__")
class With (object):
__metaclass__ = MetaWith
with With:
pass
Mel.
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Mel wrote:
> This seems to work:
>
>
>
> class MetaWith (type):
> @classmethod
> def __enter__(cls):
> print("__enter__")
>
> @classmethod
> def __exit__(cls, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
> print("__exi
done this with ints (usually in small embedded systems) I've
always preferred
low_limit + (total_width * i) / intervals
since it does the rounding on the biggest numbers where proportional error
will be least, and it's guaranteed to hit the low_limit and high_limit
exactly (as exactly as they can be represented, anyway.)
Mel.
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you might want that, whatever it
was, to happen. I see that kind of documentation way too often. By
comparison, even this <https://www.ubersoft.net/comic/hd/2011/09/losing-
sight-big-picture> might seem good. At least they try.
"Does things to the stuff. By default, the mos
s the obvious way to do it.
>
>
> "If the key is not in the ignition, you won't be able to start the car."
>
> "If not the key is in the ignition, you won't be able to start the car."
>
>
> Who like that second one speaks?
:)
"If th
ough.
In my own code, I usually define a separate class descended from wx.Panel to
create a page3 instance with its own sizers, then create one of those with a
a wx.Notebook instance as a parent, and add it to the notebook:
def _new_capture_page (self):
new_trace = TraceWindow (self.tracebook)
self.tracebook.AddPage (new_trace, 'Capture %d' %
(self.capture_serial,), select=True)
return new_trace
Hope this helps,
Mel.
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', 'a', ' ', 's',
> 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g']"
>>>>
Well, as things stand, there's a way to get whichever result you need. The
`list` constructor builds a single list from a single iterable. The list
literal enclosed by `[`, `]` makes a list containing a bunch of items.
Strings being iterable introduces a wrinkle, but `list('abcde')` doesn't
create `['abcde']` just as `list(1)` doesn't create `[1]`.
Mel.
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the background color that way? An example or a link to easy to
understand documentation on changing a row color for an object based
on QTableView using QSqlQueryModel as a model would be greatly
appreciated. I'm still a bit confused in Qt4.
Mel
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Code ***
Column 18 in the table shows a number from 1 to 3. I would like to
change the color of the row based on the value in column 18 but I have
not been able to find any resources that show me how. Can anyone lend
a hand?
Thanks,
Mel
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On Feb 28, 5:08 pm, David Boddie <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Wednesday 28 February 2007 18:55, Mel wrote:
>
>
>
> > I am currently porting an SQL centered Visual Basic application to run
> > on Linux, Python, and Qt4. Currently I am stumped on changing row
>
operty that
the caller would never want to put it in a self-referencing sequence.
I'll have to check this out today to see.
Mel.
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Mel wrote:
> rekkufa wrote:
[ ... ]
>> How to load
>> data that specifies immutables that recursively reference
>> themselves.
> I can imagine a C function that might do it.
[ ... ]
Here's something that works, in the sense of creating a tuple
containing a self
Donn Ingle wrote:
> Sheesh, I've been going spare trying to find how to do this short-hand:
> if 0 > x < 20: print "within"
>
> So that x must be > 0 and < 20.
>
> I usually do:
> if x > 0 and x < 20: print "within"
>
> Wha
(or maybe test explicitly for None, but you get the idea.)
Do test explicitly for None. Otherwise, if you do
a = []
x = ThatClass (a)
it will so happen that x.values will be an empty list, but it won't be
the same list as a.
Mel.
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I -*-
'''$Id$
'''
from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer
from SimpleHTTPServer import SimpleRequestHandler
handler = HTTPServer (('', 8000), SimpleRequestHandler)
handler.handle_forever()
Mel.
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Donn Ingle wrote:
> Now, is there something quick like:
>>>> s = "%s/2 and %s/1" % ( "A", "B" )
>>>> print s
> B and A
>
> ?
GNU glibc printf accepts a format string:
printf ("%2$s and %1$s", "A&qu
uot; or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '123;abc'
>>> b = s.replace(';', '\;')
>>> b
'123\\;abc'
>>> len(b)
8
The length suggests that there's only one backslash in the string.
Mel.
le instances, if I could find the source.
Mel.
And with any
> rational data type worth the name, you simply should never get anything
> as unintuitive as this:
>
>>>> from __future__ import division
>>>> 4/10 + 2/10 == 6/10
> False
>
>
>
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6*[[]]
> >>> a
> [[], [], [], [], [], []]
> >>> a[2].append(1)
> >>> a
> [[1], [1], [1], [1], [1], [1]]
> >>>
What you've done is equivalent to
x = []
a = [x, x, x, x, x, x]
del x
An idiom for what you want is
a = [[] for y in xrange (6)]
which will popu
str(a,b,c)
the function-calling operator () takes over, and the commas are
considered as argument separators. In
str ((a,b,c))
the inner parens present a single tuple-expression to the
function-calling operator.
Just like a+b/c as against (a+b)/c but with esoteric overloading
of (
", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> class AClass (object):
... def __init__ (self):
... self.a = 4
...
>>> a = AClass()
>>> a.a
4
>>> a.a = 5
>>> a.a
5
>>> a.__init__()
>>> a.a
4
Cheers, Mel.
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alent is
x=123
sub test()
global x
x=456
test()
print x
Python assignment works by binding an object with a name in a
namespace. I suspect that perl does something similar, and the
differences are in the rules about which namespace to use.
Mel.
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st [4,5,6]. Exiting test, the
local namespace is thrown away.
You could change your program a bit to clarify what's going on:
def test(x):
print "x=", x
x = [4,5,6]
print "x=", x
a=[1,2,3]
test(a)
print "a=", a
Cheers, Mel
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ef getDir(fullPath):
> dirName, fileName = os.path.split(fullPath)
> return dirName
>
That won't help the escape problem, though it will preserve vital
Python whitespace. HTML has to be interpreting '<' characters to
recognize the ''.
Mel.
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hich is slightly less elegant). Can anyone do better?
I found that postfix notation made it easy to run up all the possible
expressions based on permutations of the available numbers. Don't
know where my source code is ... have to look.
Mel.
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lobal is
not an executable statement, and isn't affected by being subordinate
to an if statement. In a.py the function has been primed to define a
in the global namespace. In b.py, not.
Docs do describe global as a "directive to the parser", even though
it's lumped in with
Duncan Booth wrote:
> Mel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>> oyster wrote:
>>> why the following 2 prg give different results? a.py is ok, but b.py
>>> is 'undefiend a'
>>> I am using Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC
&g
e = fd.readline() is a statement, not an
expression, and it can't be put into an if statement like that.
The most idiomatic way is probably
fd = open ("/etc/sysctl.conf")
for line in fd:
print line
Mel.
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(temporary)
>> reference as an argument to getrefcount().
> Are there any cases when it wouldn't?
Well, as long as the object is named "object" in sys.getrefcount's
namespace, there's at least that one reference to it...
Mel.
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n->C and C->Python conversions.
But if Numpy isn't fast enough, then any Python at all in the solution
might be too much. Perhaps keeping your values in a file and reading
them into the C programs will work.
Mel.
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detect an explicit call with
> nullable_value==sentinel -- the reason being, I submit, that there is no
> use case for such code.
The code above works on the assumption that the value named sentinel
is completely out-of-band, and no user has any reason to use the
sentinel object in a call. An example up-thread uses a
uniquely-constructed instance of object for this. I kind of like
defining a class, because I get a docstring to explain what's going on.
Mel.
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7stud wrote:
> On Feb 3, 10:28 pm, 7stud <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> From the docs:
>>
>> issubclass(class, classinfo)
>> Return true if class is a subclass (direct or indirect) of classinfo.
>
>
> print issubclass(Dog, object) #True
> print issubclass(type, object) #True
> print issubclass(D
ed-value membership base
would import thisyear, and pass thisyear.memberpath when creating the
CSV reader object. Etc.
Mel.
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denominators would settle out pretty quickly.
In general mathematics, not.
I think that might be the point.
Mel.
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01
>>> print celciusToFahrenheit (12)
53.6
The straight value display from the interpreter pursues precision to
the bitter end, doing its formatting with the repr function. print
uses str formatting for a more expected result.
Mel.
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h I don't know about wikimedia.
Mel.
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ach tuple is
being converted for display by repr, so the strings are shown as
unicode, which is what they are internally. Change the print to
for (field,) in cur.fetchall():
print field
and you'll see your plain-text strings.
Mel.
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ctly this -- that
> I would get back bool values not strings.
>
> Sorry for not being clear in the first run.
Sorry about the misunderstanding. It seems you want
db = sqlite3.connect("test.db", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES)
After this, the print shows
False
True
Mel.
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'apologize' around something that's so
irreparable.
I'd try for this effect by creating a class of objects with
well-defined callbacks.
Mel.
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Gerdus van Zyl wrote:
> I have a list that looks like this:
> [['3'], ['9', '1'], ['5'], ['4'], ['2', '5', '8']]
>
> how can I get all the combinations thereof that looks like as follows:
> 3,9,5,4,2
> 3,1,5,4,2
> 3,9,5,4,5
> 3,1,5,4,5
> etc.
>
> Thank You,
> Gerdus
What they said, or, if you wa
It's still bound, in a way, to sys.stdout.
I'm assuming that a different example could create an attribute of f
that's a bound method of some other object entirely. I've verified
that f.write('howdy') prints 'howdy' on standard output.
Mel.
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