I have been wondering this for some time. There are many kernel
submaps: exec_map, clean_map,
etc. But if you look the code in vm_map_find(), we have to call splvm()
for kmem_map and its
submap mb_map, but not for other kernel submaps. So is there anything
special with these two
kernel submaps
I have tried to understand the following code in vm_map_lookup() without
much success:
if (fault_type & VM_PROT_OVERRIDE_WRITE)
prot = entry->max_protection;
else
prot = entry->protection;
if (entry->wired_count && (fault
On Wed, 21 Jul 1999, Matthew Dillon wrote:
>
> The VM_PROT_OVERRIDE_WRITE flag is only used for user-wired pages,
so
> it does not effect 'normal' page handling. Look carefully at the
> vm_fault() code (vm/vm_fault.c line 212), that lookup only occurs
> with VM_PROT_OVERRIDE_WRI
ppreciated.
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en the
configuration mechanism is regarded as correctly detected.
Any help is appreciated.
----------
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dumpon command. Thanks.
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On Fri, 13 Aug 1999, Andrzej Bialecki wrote:
> On Fri, 13 Aug 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> >
> > Can anyone tell me how to modify the config file to build a kernel that
> > creates dump image whenever it panics. Currently I have to use dumpon
> > command after sy
e file /etc/rc so that
savecore will save core dumps under /usr/crash. The system is running
FreeBSD 3.2 - Release.
Any help is appreciated.
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To
d.
(kgdb) where
No stack.
Thanks for any help.
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ger exists.
You can't do that without a process to debug.
Is there something wrong? I did the same thing with the postmortem
coredump files and got similar messages. Maybe I am using gdb in a wrong
way.
Any help is appreciated.
------
Zhihui Zhang
On Fri, 20 Aug 1999, Greg Lehey wrote:
> You can't control the execution of the kernel, you can just look at
> the way things are. With the core dump, you at least have the
> advantage that things won't change while you look at them; you can't
> even do that with /dev/mem. The other alternative
Hi, Rich:
Can you find a serial cable for me? I need to connect two PCs together
via RS232 ports.
Thanks.
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1,
then we can only use /dev/vn0x. The x stands for one of those eight
partitions [a-h] in one slice.
(2) For /dev/vn0[a-h], which one from a-h should I use for which purpose?
Any help is appreciated.
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In file uipc_usrreq.c, there are many routines beginning with unp_. For
example, unp_connect(), unp_bind(), etc. What does unp stand for?
Thanks.
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appreciated.
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uot; because I assume this is done by FreeBSD 4.0
automatically and the file debug.kernel is the one with symbols.
Any help is appreciated.
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--
On Mon, 30 Aug 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> After reading the handbook and some postings in the mailing list archive.
> I still can not make remote debugging work. I basically did the following
> on FreeBSD-current 4.0 (A is debugging machine, B is the target):
>
> (1) Bu
>
> On Mon, 30 Aug 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> > (3) On machine A, go to the compile directory:
> >
> > #gdb -g kernel.debug
>
> -g?
>
This is a typo. It should be "gdb -k kernel.debug". I have just posted
another message pointing out my mista
On Mon, 6 Sep 1999, Alex Povolotsky wrote:
> Hello!
>
> The following program
>
> #include
> #include
>
> main() {
> int control;
> if ((control = open("STATUS",O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK))<0) {
> perror("Could not open STATUS ");
> exit(1);
> }
>
.
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On Wed, 8 Sep 1999, Luoqi Chen wrote:
> > The flag MNT_RELOAD is not documented in mount manpages. From the source
> > code, I find that it is always used along with MNT_UPDATE which can be
> > speficied by user (-u option). Can anyone explain the usage of MNT_RELOAD
> > for me? It seems not t
f test2.c if I step that routine. Why it does not
work with fork()? Am I missing something?
Thanks for any help.
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ess so that it can wait until I can attach to it.
That will not be as easy.
-Zhihui
>
>
>
> On Wed, 8 Sep 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> >
> > I am using gdb 4.18 on FreeBSD-current. The program being debugged
> > consists of two small files: test1.c an
Can anyone tell me how to let a daemon process print a message to the
console? Adding printf() does not work (I wonder if a daemon process
has been cut of relationship with stdout). Thanks for any help.
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On Mon, 13 Sep 1999, Brian Mitchell (ISSATL) wrote:
> syslog() with the proper facility is probably the best way to do this.
> Another possibility is opening /dev/console, but I think that will aquire
> a controlling terminal.
>
> On Mon, 13 Sep 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
&
I am wondering where the NFS authentication is done in FreeBSD. Is it done
by the NFS daemon mountd (or other daemon) or within the kernel? Can
anyone give me a pointer? Thanks a lot.
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.
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.
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. Why do not
we use
{ &vop_lease_desc, (vop_t *) nqnfs_vop_lease_check },
instead of
{ &vop_lease_desc, (vop_t *) vop_null },
in nfsv2_vnodeop_entries[] in file nfs_vnops.c?
Thanks for any help.
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.
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Can anyone tell me what does VOP_WHITEOUT() do? I can not find it in the
hypertext manual pages.
Thanks.
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(file
descriptors). Other than these, are there any performance reasons for
doing so? Method (2) is used in source code file mkfs.c when we open a
special device file to create a file system.
Thanks for any help.
-Zhihui
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purge cache entries recursively down the subtree. Will this
result in a lot of stale entries in the namecache? FreeBSD 3.1 no longer
allows stale entries in the namei cache (FreeBSD 2.2.8 does).
Thanks for any help.
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>
> It might help somewhat if a file that grows by a fragment can allocate
> the free fragment immediately preceeding it instead of being relocated
> to a fresh block. I don't know if FFS does this or not.
>
Really? FFS allocates free fragments with bitmap, so it should be able to
find free fr
On 27 May 1999, Ville-Pertti Keinonen wrote:
> zzh...@cs.binghamton.edu (Zhihui Zhang) writes:
>
> > Suppose you want to mv a directory file (with subdirectories) to another
> > name (it is like grafting a subtree to another point), the namecache
> > associated with t
hope someone can suggest me a better way to understand this or
describe briefly the algorithm.
Any help is appreciated.
-Zhihui
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On Fri, 28 May 1999, Christopher R. Bowman wrote:
> It is difficult to understand if you are talking at the file system layer
> (because you mention data and indirect blocks) or the application layer (you
> mention looking at the vi code). At the file system layer you don't delete
> blocks in th
On Sat, 29 May 1999, Duncan Barclay wrote:
> Primarily the file system is a "block" orientated storage media where a
> "block"
> is the fragment size or a file system block. Addressing in the filesystem is
> done on a block by block basis. As each block is a number of bytes we cannot
> use byte a
It seems to me that we can lock at the vnode layer AND at the inode layer.
Since an inode is always associated with a vnode, and is accessed via its
vnode, I do not see the reason why we should lock the inode after having
locked the vnode. Can anyone help me with this?
Thanks a lot.
-Zhihui
K_SET), it will
actually do lseek(fd, 8192, SEEK_SET)?
Thanks for any help.
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with "u
On Tue, 1 Jun 1999, Wes Peters wrote:
>
> ???
>
> dd verifies the behavior you report:
>
> r...@homer# dd if=/dev/rwd0s2b of=/dev/null bs=1
> dd: /dev/rwd0s2b: Invalid argument
> ...
> r...@homer# dd if=/dev/rwd0s2b of=/dev/null bs=512
> ^C18805+0 records in
> ...
>
> w...@homer$ ls -l /dev/*
The value of MAXPHYS is chosen to be 64K for the maximum raw I/O transfer
size. I am wondering why it is not set larger. The maxcontig value of FFS
is default to be 16, which means 16*8192 or 128K bytes (twice as big as
64K) . If we raise the value of MAXPHYS, we can put more data blocks of a
big
e version
> of that paper.
>
>
> --Farshid
>
> On Wed, 2 Jun 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> >
> > In FFS, there is a parameter called maxcontig (default to 16) that
> > determines the number of blocks we can allocate contiguously for a single
> > file. What is
help is appreciated.
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On Mon, 7 Jun 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> While studying the file ufs_readwrite.c, I see routines like uiomoveco()
> that calls vm_uiomove() in vm_map.c. I am almost sure that these are new
> in FreeBSD 3.x. The comment in ffs_read() says "not a VM based I/O
> requests&
programs that create archives from a file tree in a depth
first way? Do these programs rebuild the file tree from archive exactly as
they were created?
Any help is appreciated.
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On Wed, 9 Jun 1999, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> In the FAQ of FreeBSD 2.X, 13.12. Alternative layout policies for
> directories, there is the following sentence:
>
> Most filesystems are created from archives that were created by a depth
> first search (aka ftw).
>
> Wha
ted.
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as much as you expect. I
appreciate all the help I have received from you and others on this list.
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any help.
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>
> Because we can't realign the data in the pages without doing a buffer
> copy. To force mmap() to align the data to the start of the page requires
> it to allocate memory and copy the in-core disk cache to the new memory.
>
> This is extremely wasteful of cpu and memory. The
On Mon, 28 Jun 1999, Matthew Dillon wrote:
> :> it is extremely memory efficient.
> :
> :I guess you are talking about VMIO buffers where the pages are found and
> :registered into the buffer header during allocbuf(). When we do I/O on
> :VMIO buffers using conventional system call method, w
oot.
Is there anything wrong here or FreeBSD simply does not handle this in a
more elegant way?
Thanks for any help.
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oes a memcpy_to_iovec in tcp_recvmsg().
I am confused by this unexpected timings. More than 80% of the time is
spent doing the memcpy.
---
Thanks for your help.
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On Thu, 1 Jul 1999, David Greenman wrote:
> >A graduate student here implements a mmap() interface to a TCP/IP network
> >card. He notices that it takes much longer time to copy from mmapp()'ed
> >area to another user area than it takes to copy the same amount of data
> >from kernel space to use
is tedious. This new version should not overwrite the older
verion of the file being run. My question is how FreeBSD prevents this
from happening? Can anyone point out for me where in the source code this
is handled?
Thanks a lot.
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the end of vnode_pager_setsize(), we modify the size field. So at
least three items can be modified after creation. Am I right?
Thanks for any help.
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Can someone outline the initialization process of PCI devices in
FreeBSD? I know many of the basic stuff of PCI introduced in the book
"PCI System Architecture". I just want to know how each driver is
registered into some linker set and its probe routine gets called. In
other words, I want to k
While looking at the code in vfs_bio.c, I notice the existence of low and
high free buffer counters. The comments say they are there to give some
special process like buf daemon access to emergence reserve. I just
don't get the reason for having this emergence reserve. Do we allocate
buffer in
Thanks! I am wondering whether the free VM page reserve has similar reason
to exist, i.e., to clean dirty pages you need more pages. Probably not,
that is for interrupt routines that can not block.
On Wed, 18 Apr 2001, Alfred Perlstein wrote:
> * Zhihui Zhang <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [010
Do we have conditional/synchronization variable support in FreeBSD? If
not, is there any alternative mechanism to use in the kernel? Thanks.
-Zhihui
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According to my reading of kern_lock.c, it does support shared lock.
However, we are still using LK_EXCLUSIVE mode more often than necessary.
If I want to look up a directory or to read a buffer, I should be able to
use the LK_SHARED lock. Right now, only few places I have found using
LK_SHARED,
There is following comment inside ufs_mknod() which says
/*
* Remove inode, then reload it through VFS_VGET so it is
* checked to see if it is an alias of an existing entry in
* the inode cache.
*/
I really can not understand it. For each new disk inode, we call
u
On Fri, 22 Jun 2001, Terry Lambert wrote:
> Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> > According to the red daemon book, alias vnodes are used to make cache
> > coherent (vp as a key). But getblk() stuff does not seem to check it.
> > This makes me feel the code is there for historical r
On Sat, 23 Jun 2001, Terry Lambert wrote:
> Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> > I think you got me wrong. I was talking about a device
> > with more than one names. So we can have more than one
> > vnode for the same device. (If there is more than one name
> > to the same devi
Suppose I write a program that calls sbrk(). How can I trace into the
function sbrk()? In this particular case, I want to know whether
sbrk() calls the function in file lib/libstand/sbrk.c or sys/sbrk.S.
Sometimes it is nice to see what system call is eventually called as well.
I know dynamic lin
I guess the kernel will block the process trying to write more data than
that can be accommodated. Or if you are using non-blocking I/O, it will
return an error.
-Zhihui
On Wed, 27 Jun 2001, Manas Bhatt wrote:
> hi all,
> pipes uses only direct blocks to store data. so
> depending on the
layers is really bad.
-Zhihui
On Thu, 28 Jun 2001, Terry Lambert wrote:
> Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> >
> > Suppose I write a program that calls sbrk(). How can I trace into the
> > function sbrk()? In this particular case, I want to know whether
> > sbrk() calls the function in
I am sorry. It turns out when the argument is zero, sbrk() does not enter
into the kernel. If it does, it will return not supported.
-Zhihui
On Thu, 28 Jun 2001, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> sbrk() is not supported in FreeBSD as a system call (see file
> vm/vm_mmap.c). However, sb
Can anyone tell me what factors determine the max DMA size (DMA counter on
each controller or PCI bus related)? What is the typical max DMA size for
a SCSI disk connected to a PCI bus? It seems to be much larger than
MAXPHYS (128K). If so, does it mean we are not using full potential of
DMA? So w
I am writing a KLD that gives me kernel fault each time I run 'ps' command
after 'make unload'. The KLD has a system call to create several kernel
threads by calling kthread_create(). During unload, I set flags to each
threads so that they will call exit1() upon wakeup (sleep on a timeout).
Be
Does kernel memory of the same type (e.g., M_TEMP) must be allocated
(using malloc()) with the same (range of) size? BTW, how to display mbuf
cluster usages info. Thanks.
-Zhihui
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On Thu, 20 Jul 2000, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> Does kernel memory of the same type (e.g., M_TEMP) must be allocated
> (using malloc()) with the same (range of) size? BTW, how to display mbuf
> cluster usages info. Thanks.
A memory type can have memory blocks with different sizes.
On Mon, 17 Jul 2000, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
>
> I am writing a KLD that gives me kernel fault each time I run 'ps' command
> after 'make unload'. The KLD has a system call to create several kernel
> threads by calling kthread_create(). During unload, I set flag
Does 4.1-Release support YAMAHA PCI Audio Controller YMF 724? I have tried
the suggestion given by man pcm without success. By the way, what is a
card with bridge driver support and a PnP card as mentioned by man pcm?
Thanks for your help.
-Zhihui
To Unsubscribe: send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTE
I want to set up a serial console on a freebsd 4.1 box. I follow the
instructions at http://www.mostgraveconcern.com/freebsd/. I tried to do
the following:
# cd /sys/boot/i386/boo2
# make clean
# make
I got "cannot open ../btx/lib/crt0.o". What happened? Besides, I want to
use another freeb
On Thu, 10 Aug 2000, Mike Smith wrote:
> >
> > I want to set up a serial console on a freebsd 4.1 box. I follow the
> > instructions at http://www.mostgraveconcern.com/freebsd/. I tried to do
> > the following:
>
> Put
>
> -h
>
> in /boot.config. Now you have a serial console.
Yes! Two m
On Thu, 10 Aug 2000, Mike Smith wrote:
> > On Thu, 10 Aug 2000, Mike Smith wrote:
> >
> > > >
> > > > I want to set up a serial console on a freebsd 4.1 box. I follow the
> > > > instructions at http://www.mostgraveconcern.com/freebsd/. I tried to do
> > > > the following:
> > >
> > > Put
>
Kanad:
I remember you subscribed some journal a while ago. Was it "digital
technical journal?" I found two papers on VAXcluster filesytem design on
No. 5, september 1987. If so and you happen to keep that issue, please
borrow me for a while. Thanks.
Regards,
-Zhihui
I try to trace some system call using remote debugging and find something
that I can not explain myself (the related source is ffs_write()):
case 1:
---
443 if (object)
(gdb) break 430
Breakpoint 6 at 0xc0289cea: file ../../ufs/ufs/ufs_readwrite.c, line 430.
(gdb) c
Cont
I am wondering what exactly will happen if a delayed write goes wrong. It
seems to me that the kernel will just clear the error flag and mark the
buffer as delayed write again. This gives the buffer a second chance.
But how many chances at most a buffer can get before it is aborted.
While thi
In the FDISK-like menu of /stand/sysinstall, the PType (partition type)
column is given values like 1,2,3,4,6. While the subtype field is
well-defined (e.g., 0xa5 = freebsd), I can not find where the partition
type is explained. I also tried PCguide in vain. Can somebody explain
this to me? Is
Hi,
I always like the command "db> tr 123" in DDB. Is there an equivalent
command in gdb? Thanks.
-Zhihui
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100% agreed. In this particular vmiodirenable case, you can search the
mailing list archive and will find that people have discussed it at least
one year ago. Plus, if you still do not understand it, read the book "The
design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD Operating System". Anyway, when
you
Can anyone tell me why FreeBSD has 256 bytes of spare space in the user
area? Thanks.
-Zhihui
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Yes. But it is not easy. Look at code vfs_vnops.c. You can let a user
process open a file and then push the file descriptor into kernel via a
special system call. Search the mailing list archive and you will find
discussions on how to add a new system call.
-Zhihui
On Wed, 18 Jul 2001, suid wro
Just out of curiosity, Linux's kernel stack is one page. Where in the
kernel source code that says that we can have two pages instead of one
page kernel stack?
-Zhihui
On Mon, 23 Jul 2001, Eugene L. Vorokov wrote:
> > > I call this function with (curproc, PATH_MAX+1), and everything is fine
>
You must be asking why the mbuf cluster size is chosen as 2048, right? It
is probably a tradeoff between memory efficient and speed.
-Zhihui
On Mon, 23 Jul 2001, [iso-8859-1] vishwanath pargaonkar wrote:
> Hi,
> in freebsd can we change the cluster size from 2048
> bytes.If yes how can we do t
e/MYKERNEL/machine/param.h
>
> 101 #define UPAGES 2 /* pages of u-area */
>
> Regards,
> Weiguang
>
> >From: Zhihui Zhang <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> >To: [EMAIL PROTECTED], "Eugene L. Vorokov" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> >CC: [EMAIL PRO
On Tue, 24 Jul 2001, Terry Lambert wrote:
> Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > > in freebsd can we change the cluster size from 2048
> > > bytes.If yes how can we do that?
> > > do we have to configure in some file?
> >
> > You must be asking
I see. It has something to do with the power-of-two allocator we are
using inside the kernel.
-Zhihui
On Wed, 25 Jul 2001, Bosko Milekic wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jul 25, 2001 at 01:51:51PM -0400, Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> >
> >
> > On Tue, 24 Jul 2001, Terry Lambert wrote:
I thought doing a memory free is always safe in an interrupt context. Now
it seems doing an allocation of memory is safe too. Does MCLGET() call
vm_page_alloc() or malloc() eventually? If so, it might block.
-Zhihui
On Thu, 26 Jul 2001, Terry Lambert wrote:
> Bosko Milekic wrote:
> > > > Er,
FreeBSD can not allocate from the PQ_CACHE queue in an interrupt
context. Can anyone explain it to me why this is the case?
Thanks,
-Zhihui
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FreeBSD can not allocate from the PQ_CACHE queue in an interrupt context.
Can anyone explain it to me why this is the case?
Thanks,
-Zhihui
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I write a program that writes into a raw device directly. Although the
program runs OK, the system prints messages like:
ata0-master: non aligned DMA transfer attempted
What exactly happens here? Is there any problem in my program?
Thanks.
-Zhihui
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achieve this?
-Zhihui
On Fri, 24 Aug 2001, Julian Elischer wrote:
> Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> >
> > I write a program that writes into a raw device directly. Although the
> > program runs OK, the system prints messages like:
> >
> > ata0-master: non aligned DMA tr
On Sun, 26 Aug 2001, Julian Elischer wrote:
> Zhihui Zhang wrote:
> >
> > Thanks for your replay. I use gdb to find out that the buffer address is
> > not 16-byte aligned. This leads to a question as to how to align a
> > statically allocated data structure proper
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