Re: New to Python, Help to get script working?

[Mark]

On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:52:05 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
> On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:48:56 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
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> > On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:43:45 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
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> > > On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:09:38 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
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> > > > On Sunday, December 15, 2013 9:33:17 PM UTC-5, Chris Angelico wrote:
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> > > > > On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 12:37 PM, Steven D'Aprano
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> > > > > > Step 1: replace the modified version of the script with a known 
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> > > > > Actually, this might be where the problem is, unfortunately. Not the
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> > > > > OP's fault at all. I went and looked at the post linked to, and it has
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> > > > > buggy indentation. (Quite possibly indicates that the author has
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> > > > > two-space tabs, and didn't notice a bug slipping in. I dunno.)
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> > > > > Along the way, though, I learned that the script in question is
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> > > > > entirely for generating fake twitch.tv viewers so as to get your
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> > > > > stream highlighted fraudulently, so I'm rather less inclined to help.
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> > > > > Got a legitimate use for this, or are you just trying to cheat your
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> > > > Thanks for the reply, the answer is yes and no, i already have about 
> > > > 2400 followers and half mil views, i just wanted to see if i could get 
> > > > it to work.
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> > > > So after taking everybody's advice, fixed the indentation as mentioned 
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> > > > Traceback (most recent call last):
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> > > >   File "C:\Python27\Scripts\Twitch.py", line 9, in 
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> > > > numberOfViewers = int(sys.argv[1])
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> > > > IndexError: list index out of range
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> > > > Is this where i would plug in the variables to make it work? I'm n

Re: Need Help with the BeautifulSoup problem, please

[88888 Dihedral]

On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:41:08 PM UTC+8, seas...@gmail.com wrote:
> I need to replace all tag  with  after ■. But the result from below 
> is '■   D / '
> 
> Can you explain what I did wrong, please.
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> s = '■A B C D / '
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> soup = BeautifulSoup(s)
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> for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
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> tag = soup.new_tag('span')
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> tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
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> for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
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> if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
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> break
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> else:
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> if ii.name=='b':
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> tag.string=ii.string
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> print(ii.replace_with(tag))
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> print(soup)

I think you should try some descent 
free editors such as notepad++ 
for your source codes to 
replace trivial strings without 
programmig.
-- 
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: New to Python, Help to get script working?

[Mark]

On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:55:23 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
> On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:52:05 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
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> > On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:48:56 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Jeremy Sanders]

Michael Torrie wrote:

> I think PyQt is slowly being pushed aside in favor of PySide, which is
> more license-friendly for use in closed or open projects.  I would
> recommend using PySide unless PyQt is a requirement for your project.

That's not the impression I get from the PySide mailing lists. Work seems 
slow now everyone is a volunteer. For example, Qt 5 is not yet supported 
(there's no effort towards this according to the mailing list) and bugs seem 
to take a long time to be fixed. PyQt support is much better, even when I'm 
using it for a free project.

Jeremy



-- 
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: New to Python, Help to get script working?

[Frank Millman]

"Mark"  wrote in message 
news:4c2822b4-d95c-4735-af12-55ac5ff2f...@googlegroups.com...
> On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:55:23 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:
>
> If i just try to double click the script, i get an index error, i can 
> barely see the window it disappears so fast, but thats what I see.

I haven't really been following this thread, but I assume you are on 
Windows.

If so, you can open a Command Prompt from All Programs/Accessories, 'cd' to 
the folder containing your script, and type in the script name.

It will start, crash, and display the error, but the window will stay open, 
so you will be able to read the full traceback.

Normally the traceback provides enough clues that you can figure out for 
yourself what the problem is. But if you still cannot solve it, copy/paste 
the entire traceback and send it here. The chances are that someone can 
help.

BTW, did you notice that I removed the bulk of your original message, and 
left behind just enough to provide a context for your question and for my 
reply? This is good etiquette, and others will appreciate your doing the 
same.

Frank Millman



-- 
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Need Help with the BeautifulSoup problem, please

[seaspeak]

seas...@gmail.com於 2013年12月16日星期一UTC+8下午2時41分08秒寫道：
> I need to replace all tag  with  after ■. But the result from below 
> is '■   D / '
> 
> Can you explain what I did wrong, please.
> 
> 
> 
> s = '■A B C D / '
> 
> soup = BeautifulSoup(s)
> 
> for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
> 
> tag = soup.new_tag('span')
> 
> tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
> 
> for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
> 
> if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
> 
> break
> 
> else:
> 
> if ii.name=='b':
> 
> tag.string=ii.string
> 
> print(ii.replace_with(tag))
> 
> print(soup)

the point is the result seems wrong. I don't know if that is my problem.
I simplify the code to emphasize the problem, there's no way an editor can do 
what I wanna do.
-- 
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Wrapping around a list in Python.

[Peter Otten]

shengjie.sheng...@live.com wrote:

> The idea is to grab the last 4 elements of the array. However i have an
> array that contains a few hundred elements in it. And the values continues
> to .append over time. How would i be able to display the last 4 elements
> of the array under such a condition?

Use a deque:

>>> from collections import deque
>>> last_four = deque(maxlen=4)
>>> for i in range(10):
... last_four.append(i)
... 
>>> last_four
deque([6, 7, 8, 9], maxlen=4)
>>> last_four.extend(range(100, 200))
>>> last_four
deque([196, 197, 198, 199], maxlen=4)
>>> last_four.append(42)
>>> last_four
deque([197, 198, 199, 42], maxlen=4)


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Re: Comparing values of counter in python 3.3

[Mark Lawrence]

On 16/12/2013 02:40, Roy Smith wrote:

In article <905d6e7e-6748-42dd-8b63-d80a4d175...@googlegroups.com>,
  rusi  wrote:


On Monday, December 16, 2013 7:29:31 AM UTC+5:30, alex23 wrote:

# Need to compare values of counter and reject in function/routine in
value in counter2 is higher then value in counter1 for a current key



  [(k,Counter2[k]) for k in Counter2 - Counter1]


Why not just?

Counter2 - Counter1

And if you want to uncounterify it then
dict(Counter2 - Counter1)


Counters are awesome.


Yes -- agreed. But 'counter' is a strange name -- after checking whether
'bag' and 'multiset' are there in the library, I would not think to
check anything else.


Bag and multiset are names only CS weenies would think to look for.
Counter is the name for the rest of us :-)



Give me bag or multiset any day of the week, it's blatantly obvious what 
they do.  Counter, what the heck? :)


--
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what you can do for our language.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: New to Python, Help to get script working?

[Mark Lawrence]

On 16/12/2013 08:02, Mark wrote:

The record for double spaced google crap, congratulations.  Mind you, 
it's a great new game this, Spot the Text, much better than I Spy!!!



On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:55:23 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:

On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:52:05 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:


On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:48:56 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:







On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:43:45 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:















On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:09:38 AM UTC-5, Mark wrote:































On Sunday, December 15, 2013 9:33:17 PM UTC-5, Chris Angelico wrote:































































On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 12:37 PM, Steven D'Aprano































































































































 wrote:































































































































Step 1: replace the modified version of the script with a known good copy.































































































































































































































































































































































































Actually, this might be where the problem is, unfortunately. Not the































































































































OP's fault at all. I went and looked at the post linked to, and it has































































































































buggy indentation. (Quite possibly indicates that the author has































































































































two-space tabs, and didn't notice a bug slipping in. I dunno.)































































































































































































































































Along the way, though, I learned that the script in question is































































































































entirely for generating fake twitch.tv viewers so as to get your































































































































stream highlighted fraudulently, so I'm rather less inclined to help.































































































































Got a legitimate use for this, or are you just trying to cheat your































































































































way to fame?































































































































































































































































ChrisA































































































































Thanks for the reply, the answer is yes and no, i already have about 2400 
followers and half mil views, i just wanted to see if i could get it to work.































































































































So after taking everybody's advice, fixed the indentation as mentioned by the 
expert above. :) After, this is what i came up with































































































































Traceback (most recent call last):































































   File "C:\Python27\Scripts\Twitch.py", line 9, in 































































 numberOfViewers = int(sys.argv[1])































































IndexError: list index out of range































































































































Is this where i would plug in the variables to make it work? I'm not quite sure 
about how you would plug in those numbers































































































































okay so i kinda get it now, running it in cmd, i use the following command -































python twitch.py 10 10. I am running it within the scripts directory.

Re: Need Help with the BeautifulSoup problem, please

[Andreas Perstinger]

On 16.12.2013 07:41, seasp...@gmail.com wrote:

I need to replace all tag  with  after ■. But the result
frombelow is '■ D / '
Can you explain what I did wrong, please.

 s = '■A B C D / '
 soup = BeautifulSoup(s)
 for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
 tag = soup.new_tag('span')
 tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
 for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
 if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
 break
 else:
 if ii.name=='b':
 tag.string=ii.string
 print(ii.replace_with(tag))
 print(soup)



You are only creating one new tag but as I understand your problem you 
want to replace each b-element with a new tag. Simply move the tag 
creating part:


for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
break
else:
if ii.name=='b':
tag = soup.new_tag('span')
tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
tag.string=ii.string
print(ii.replace_with(tag))

And please read
https://wiki.python.org/moin/GoogleGroupsPython
if you want to continue using Google Groups for accessing this list.

Bye, Andreas
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Re: Need Help with the BeautifulSoup problem, please

[seaspeak]

8 Dihedral於 2013年12月16日星期一UTC+8下午4時02分42秒寫道：
> On Monday, December 16, 2013 2:41:08 PM UTC+8, seas...@gmail.com wrote:
> 
> > I need to replace all tag  with  after ■. But the result from 
> > below is '■   D / '
> 
> > 
> 
> > Can you explain what I did wrong, please.
> 
> > 
> 
> > 
> 
> > 
> 
> > s = '■A B C D / '
> 
> > 
> 
> > soup = BeautifulSoup(s)
> 
> > 
> 
> > for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
> 
> > 
> 
> > tag = soup.new_tag('span')
> 
> > 
> 
> > tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
> 
> > 
> 
> > for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
> 
> > 
> 
> > if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
> 
> > 
> 
> > break
> 
> > 
> 
> > else:
> 
> > 
> 
> > if ii.name=='b':
> 
> > 
> 
> > tag.string=ii.string
> 
> > 
> 
> > print(ii.replace_with(tag))
> 
> > 
> 
> > print(soup)
> 
> 
> 
> I think you should try some descent 
> 
> free editors such as notepad++ 
> 
> for your source codes to 
> 
> replace trivial strings without 
> 
> programmig.

I think it's my fault, thanks
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Re: Need Help with the BeautifulSoup problem, please

[Peter Otten]

seasp...@gmail.com wrote:

> I need to replace all tag  with  after ■. But the result from
> below is '■   D / '
> Can you explain what I did wrong, please.
> 
> s = '■A B C D / '
> soup = BeautifulSoup(s)
> for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
> tag = soup.new_tag('span')
> tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
> for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
> if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
> break
> else:
> if ii.name=='b':
> tag.string=ii.string
> print(ii.replace_with(tag))
> print(soup)

It looks like you cannot reuse a tag. Try

s = '■A B C D / '
soup = BeautifulSoup(s)
for i in soup.find_all(text='■'):
for ii in i.find_next_siblings():
if ii.name=='font' or str(ii).lstrip('')[0:1]=='/':
break
else:
if ii.name=='b':
tag = soup.new_tag('span')
tag['style'] = 'REPLACE'
tag.string=ii.string
print(ii.replace_with(tag))
print(soup)


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Re: Wrapping around a list in Python.

[Mark Lawrence]

On 16/12/2013 05:10, shengjie.sheng...@live.com wrote:

On Monday, 16 December 2013 13:07:46 UTC+8, shengjie...@live.com  wrote:


Would you please read and action this 
https://wiki.python.org/moin/GoogleGroupsPython to prevent us seeing 
double line spacing, thanks.


--
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what you can do for our language.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Mark Lawrence]

On 16/12/2013 05:08, Chris Angelico wrote:

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 3:51 PM, Michael Torrie  wrote:

I think Python is a great overall application development language,
especially for the GUI.  First-class functions for callbacks make it
very nice compared to other languages.  Python  is fast enough for
full-blown apps too.  Slow parts can be factored out to other languages.


Python is sooo slow when it waits for the human. That pesky
input() function can take *minutes* to return. It's terrible! Factor
that out and your job's done.



I've done the latter, but still can't fit all the data for my 100+ 
screens into a one liner, help please :)


--
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what you can do for our language.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean Dubois]

Op donderdag 12 december 2013 22:23:22 UTC+1 schreef Dan Stromberg:
> On Thu, Dec 12, 2013 at 12:28 AM, Jean Dubois  wrote:
> > On Thursday, December 12, 2013 12:20:36 AM UTC+1, Dan Stromberg wrote:
> >> On Wed, Dec 11, 2013 at 3:08 PM, Jean Dubois  wrote:
> >>
> >> I have an ethernet-rs232 adapter which allows me to connect to a 
> >> measurement instrument by means of netcat on a linux system.
> >>
> >>
> >> e.g. entering nc 10.128.59.63 7000
> >>
> >> allows me to enter e.g.
> >>
> >> *IDN?
> >>
> >> after which I get an identification string of the measurement instrument 
> >> back.
> >>
> >> I thought I could accomplish the same using the python module "socket"
> >>
> >> and tried out the sample program below which doesn't work however:
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Sockets reserve the right to split one socket.send() into multiple 
> >> socket.recv()'s on the other end of the communication, or to aggregate 
> >> multiple socket.send()'s into a single socket.recv() - pretty much any way 
> >> the relevant IP stacks and communications equipment feel like for the sake 
> >> of performance or reliability.
> >>
> >>
> >> The confusing thing about this is, it won't be done on every transmission 
> >> - in fact, it'll probably happen rather seldom unless you're on a heavy 
> >> loaded network or have some MTU issues (see Path MTU Discovery, and bear 
> >> in mind that paths can change during a TCP session).  But writing your 
> >> code assuming it will never happen is a bad idea.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> For this reason, I wrote 
> >> http://stromberg.dnsalias.org/~strombrg/bufsock.html , which abstracts 
> >> away these complications, and actually makes things pretty simple.  There 
> >> are examples on the web page.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> HTH
> >
> > Dear Dan,
> > Could you copy paste here the code for your function I have to add to my 
> > "program"?
> This is untested, but it should be something like the following:
> #!/usr/bin/env python
> """
> A simple echo client
> """
> import socket as socket_mod
> import bufsock as bufsock_mod
> host = '10.128.59.63'
> port = 7000
> size = 10
> socket = socket_mod.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> socket.connect((host,port))
> bufsock = bufsock_mod.bufsock(socket)
> bufsock.send('*IDN?')
> data = bufsock.recv(size)
> bufsock.close()
> print 'Received:', data
> You might look over
> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19918307/retrieve-file-information-located-on-a-different-application-server-using-python/19918706#19918706
> for a more complete example.
So this is what I did:
1. svn checkout http://stromberg.dnsalias.org/svn/bufsock/
2. cd ~/bufsock/trunk
3. I made this test-file "buftest.py" with the following contents:
#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
A simple echo client
"""
import socket as socket_mod
import bufsock as bufsock_mod
host = '10.128.59.63'
port = 7000
size = 10
socket = socket_mod.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket.connect((host,port))
bufsock = bufsock_mod.bufsock(socket)
bufsock.send('*IDN?')
data = bufsock.recv(size)
bufsock.close()
print 'Received:', data 

4. chmod +x buftest.py
5. ./buftest.py
6. This results in the following error message:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./buftest.py", line 11, in 
socket = socket_mod.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
NameError: name 'socket' is not defined

Probably there is still something wrong, can anyone here help me further?

kind regards,
jean
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Re: Comparing values of counter in python 3.3

[Devin Jeanpierre]

On Sun, Dec 15, 2013 at 6:32 PM, rusi  wrote:
> On Monday, December 16, 2013 7:29:31 AM UTC+5:30, alex23 wrote:
>> > # Need to compare values of counter and reject in function/routine in 
>> > value in counter2 is higher then value in counter1 for a current key
>
>>  [(k,Counter2[k]) for k in Counter2 - Counter1]
>
> Why not just?
>
> Counter2 - Counter1
>
> And if you want to uncounterify it then
> dict(Counter2 - Counter1)

Because you get different counts.

>>> c1 = Counter('ab')
>>> c2 = Counter('aab')
>>> c2 - c1
Counter({'a': 1})
>>> [(k, c2[k]) for k in c2 - c1]
[('a', 2)]

Counter subtraction is multiset subtraction, not set subtraction.

-- Devin
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Re: Want guidance to set proxy please help

[Denis McMahon]

On Sun, 15 Dec 2013 20:29:55 -0800, Jai wrote:

> so , i need some step to  set proxy so that my ip is not blocked by them

This sounds like you're attempting to access a site other than for 
legitimate purposes. You probably want some 1337 script kiddies forum, 
not a serious programming newsgroup.

-- 
Denis McMahon, denismfmcma...@gmail.com
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Ervin Hegedüs]

hello,

> #!/usr/bin/env python
> 
> """
> A simple echo client
> """
> import socket as socket_mod
> import bufsock as bufsock_mod
[...]
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "./buftest.py", line 11, in 
> socket = socket_mod.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> NameError: name 'socket' is not defined

you should replace the socket.AF_INET to socket_mod.AF_INET, and
socket.SOCK_STREAM to socket_mod.SOCK_STREAM, if you've imported
socket modul as socket_mod. But this is just an idea... :)


a.
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Re: Wrapping around a list in Python.

[Denis McMahon]

On Mon, 16 Dec 2013 15:59:32 +1100, Ben Finney wrote:

> shengjie.sheng...@live.com writes:
> 
>> Hi guys, I am trying to create a fixed list which would allow my values
>> to be wrapped around it.
> 
> This doesn't make a lot of sense to me, but I assume you have a purpose
> in mind for this. What is the purpose? Perhaps it will help the
> explanation if we know what it's for.
> 
>> For example i have 10 values : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
> 
> Does this mean the input is a list, ‘[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]’? Or
> do you mean something else? What is the input?
> 
>> I need to create a list which contains 4 numbers and when the number
>> exceeds the list, it would overwrite the first value.
> 
>> [0,1,2,3]
>> [4,1,2,3]
>> [5,4,1,2]
> 
> That's three different lists. What is the input in each case? Under what
> circumstances would you expect each one to be produced?

I suspect the OP means:

first input is 0, list = [ 0 ]
next input is 1, list = [ 0, 1 ]
next input is 2, list = [ 0, 1, 2 ]
next input is 3, list = [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
next input is 4, list = [ 4, 1, 2, 3 ]
next input is 5, list = [ 5, 4, 1, 2 ]

But this is a bit daft, because he starts by appending, and when he hits 
overflow he starts prepending.

What I think he should do is use collections.dequeue and a couple of 
helper functions to add and get data items.

For a queue moving from position 0 to position 3 (left to right):

from collections import deque

q = dequeue([])

def add_to_queue( item, q ):
if len( q ) is 4:
q.pop()
q.appendleft( item )

def get_next( q ):
if len( q ) > 0:
return q.pop()
return None

To move from position 3 to position 0 (right to left), swap pop and 
appendleft for popleft and append.

-- 
Denis McMahon, denismfmcma...@gmail.com
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Launching Helium: A Selenium wrapper that makes web automation 50% easier

[Michael Herrmann]

Hi everyone,

I'm working for a startup called BugFree Software and would like to announce 
that today we're launching our second product!

Helium is a library that wraps around Selenium to simplify web automation. It 
does away with many of the technicalities involved with web scripting. For 
example: Here is a Selenium script. Can you guess what it does?

>>> ff = Firefox()
...
>>> text_area = ff.find_element_by_id("u_0_1q")
>>> text_area.send_keys("Hello World!")
>>> button = ff.find_element_by_class_name("_42g-")
>>> button.click()

Here is the same script rewritten using Helium:

>>> start_firefox()
...
>>> write("Hello World!", into="Update Status")
>>> click("Post")

Can you now guess what it does? That's right; It updates your Facebook status.

In an extended comparison that we were invited to write for the December issue 
of Professional Tester (professionaltester.com), we found that an example 
script automating Gmail took 66% fewer lines of code and 75% less effort using 
Helium than with Selenium alone.

You can find more information and download Helium from http://heliumhq.com. Any 
feedback would be highly appreciated.

Hoping to hear your thoughts and comments,
Michael Herrmann
heliumhq.com
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

> > Such equipment often implements a telnet protocol. Have use try
> > using the telnetlib module ?
> > http://docs.python.org/2/library/telnetlib.html
> >
> > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > t.write('*IDN?')
> > print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
> > # you can use read_very_eager also
> >
> > JM
> >
> >
> Could you tell me how to install telnetlib on a linux-system (it's
> not
> available via apt-get install as I see it)
> 
> kind regards,
> jean
> 

Please keep it on list, some other may have the same install issue or someone 
could have better insights on installing telnetlib.

telnetlib is part of the standard modules in my Debian squeeze(python 2.5). 
Looking at the doc, it looks like it's available for python 3 as well. Strange 
that you don't have it.

Did you try

import telnetlib

?

Note that in the code above I forgot the EOF, which is very much dependent of 
the equipment itself.

You may have to write
t.write('*IDN?\n')
or
t.write('IDN?\n\r')

JM


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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

> Did you try
> 
> import telnetlib
> 
> ?
> 
> Note that in the code above I forgot the EOF, which is very much
> dependent of the equipment itself.
> 
> You may have to write
> t.write('*IDN?\n')
> or
> t.write('IDN?\n\r')
> 
> JM


Additionally, here's the code we're using for our signal generators, just to 
give you a broad idea:

def getError(self):
error = self._extractRsp(self._sendCmd('SYST:ERR?', 10))
if '"No error"' in error:
return None
else:
return error

def _sendCmd(self, aCmd, timeout):
self.send(str(aCmd) + self.SEND_LFCR)

waitPattern = [self.PROMPT]
try:
index, _, rsp= self._telnet.expect(waitPattern, timeout)
except  EOFError:
self._logger.error('Connection unexpectedly closed 
while sending/reading/ data.')
raise MxgError('Connection unexpectedly closed while 
sending the command "%s"' % aCmd)

if index == -1:
raise MxgError('Timeout occurred while sendind the 
command "%s"' % aCmd)

return rs


def _extractRsp(self, rawRsp):
# the returned string should be something like 
'\r\n\r\n'
# or '\r\n'
# tries to extract the response only, removing the additional 
carriage returns and prompt
rawRsp = rawRsp.replace(self.READ_LFCR+self.PROMPT, '')
if rawRsp.startswith(self.READ_LFCR):
rawRsp = rawRsp[2:]
return rawRs


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Python, mySQL and password

[Igor Korot]

Hi, ALL,
Is there a way to make python script that connects to mySQL DB ask for
a password on the:

conn = mdb.connect(host, user)

line.
The host variable is "localhost" and the user variable is "root" (for
developmental purposes).

Thank you.
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Re: Python, mySQL and password

[Ervin Hegedüs]

Hello,

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 02:55:29AM -0800, Igor Korot wrote:
> Hi, ALL,
> Is there a way to make python script that connects to mySQL DB ask for
> a password on the:
> 
> conn = mdb.connect(host, user)
> 
> line.
> The host variable is "localhost" and the user variable is "root" (for
> developmental purposes).

may be you think some like this:

import MySQLdb


dsn = {
'host':   "127.0.0.1",
'user':   "root",
'passwd': "",
'port':   3306,
'db': "test"
}

dsn['passwd'] = raw_input("Enter password for %s: " % (dsn['user']))

mysql = MySQLdb.connect(**dsn)
cursor = mysql.cursor(MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)


but at this way the password what you type will showing!



a.

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Packaging a private project

[Nicholas Cole]

Dear List,

What is the best way to distribute a private, pure python, Python 3
project that needs several modules (some available on pypi but some
private and used by several separate projects) in order to run?

I'd like to include everything that my project needs to run in a
single package.  The best way to do this seems to be to be to create
symlinks to the source code of the "3rd party" modules I need and
create a setup.py file that includes them in its "packages" list.  Is
this what other people do?

But even more ideally, I'd like to package my script and its
dependencies in a single zip file that can be executed by python
directly.  I see several declarations that this is possible online,
but I can't find a simple recipe for converting a script and its
dependencies into this kind of distribution. Could someone give me a
pointer to a description of "the right way to do it".

I'm making life harder for myself by using python 3 (PyInstaller still
only supports Python 2) and by the fact that I can't release some of
the necessary code publicly.  Releasing modules and scripts on pypi
has become very easy -- I'd forgotten how hard packaging private code
is!

Thank you for any help.

N.
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Re: Python, mySQL and password

[Peter Otten]

Ervin Hegedüs wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 02:55:29AM -0800, Igor Korot wrote:
>> Hi, ALL,
>> Is there a way to make python script that connects to mySQL DB ask for
>> a password on the:
>> 
>> conn = mdb.connect(host, user)
>> 
>> line.
>> The host variable is "localhost" and the user variable is "root" (for
>> developmental purposes).
> 
> may be you think some like this:
> 
> import MySQLdb
> 
> 
> dsn = {
> 'host':   "127.0.0.1",
> 'user':   "root",
> 'passwd': "",
> 'port':   3306,
> 'db': "test"
> }
> 
> dsn['passwd'] = raw_input("Enter password for %s: " % (dsn['user']))
> 
> mysql = MySQLdb.connect(**dsn)
> cursor = mysql.cursor(MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
> 
> 
> but at this way the password what you type will showing!

To avoid that use getpass.getpass() instead of raw_input().

http://docs.python.org/2/library/getpass.html


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Re: Launching Helium: A Selenium wrapper that makes web automation 50% easier

[Larry Martell]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 5:17 AM, Michael Herrmann
 wrote:
> Hi everyone,
>
> I'm working for a startup called BugFree Software and would like to announce 
> that today we're launching our second product!
>
> Helium is a library that wraps around Selenium to simplify web automation. It 
> does away with many of the technicalities involved with web scripting. For 
> example: Here is a Selenium script. Can you guess what it does?
>
> >>> ff = Firefox()
> ...
> >>> text_area = ff.find_element_by_id("u_0_1q")
> >>> text_area.send_keys("Hello World!")
> >>> button = ff.find_element_by_class_name("_42g-")
> >>> button.click()
>
> Here is the same script rewritten using Helium:
>
> >>> start_firefox()
> ...
> >>> write("Hello World!", into="Update Status")
> >>> click("Post")
>
> Can you now guess what it does? That's right; It updates your Facebook status.
>
> In an extended comparison that we were invited to write for the December 
> issue of Professional Tester (professionaltester.com), we found that an 
> example script automating Gmail took 66% fewer lines of code and 75% less 
> effort using Helium than with Selenium alone.
>
> You can find more information and download Helium from http://heliumhq.com. 
> Any feedback would be highly appreciated.
>
> Hoping to hear your thoughts and comments,

Is this open source?
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean Dubois]

Op maandag 16 december 2013 11:29:12 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel Pichavant:
> > > Such equipment often implements a telnet protocol. Have use try
> > > using the telnetlib module ?
> > > http://docs.python.org/2/library/telnetlib.html
> > >
> > > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > > t.write('*IDN?')
> > > print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
> > > # you can use read_very_eager also
> > >
> > > JM
> > >
> > >
> > Could you tell me how to install telnetlib on a linux-system (it's
> > not
> > available via apt-get install as I see it)
> > 
> > kind regards,
> > jean
> > 
> Please keep it on list, some other may have the same install issue or someone 
> could have better insights on installing telnetlib.
> telnetlib is part of the standard modules in my Debian squeeze(python 2.5). 
> Looking at the doc, it looks like it's available for python 3 as well. 
> Strange that you don't have it.
> Did you try
> import telnetlib
> ?
> Note that in the code above I forgot the EOF, which is very much dependent of 
> the equipment itself.
> You may have to write
> t.write('*IDN?\n')
> or
> t.write('IDN?\n\r')
> JM
Here is the code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import telnetlib
host = '10.128.59.63'
port = 7000
t = Telnet(host, port)
t.write('*IDN?\n')
print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
# you can use read_very_eager also

and this is the result of executing the code(from which I deduce I have to
install telnetlib, but how?)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./nctelnet.py", line 5, in 
t = Telnet(host, port)
NameError: name 'Telnet' is not defined

kind regards,
jean
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Re: Python, mySQL and password

[Ervin Hegedüs]

Hello Peter,

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 12:38:33PM +0100, Peter Otten wrote:
> Ervin Hegedüs wrote:
> 
> > dsn['passwd'] = raw_input("Enter password for %s: " % (dsn['user']))
> > 
[...]

> > but at this way the password what you type will showing!
> 
> To avoid that use getpass.getpass() instead of raw_input().
> 
> http://docs.python.org/2/library/getpass.html

well, thanks a lot :)


a.
 
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Question RE urllib

[Jeff James]

So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they are
all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact, they
are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the home
page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked internally ?
 Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the script ?
 There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use
those in the following script as examples.   Thanks

import urllib

sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";, "https://internalsite.com/intranet.html";,
etc.]

for site in sites:
try:
urllib.urlopen(site)
print site + " "
except Exception, e:
print site + " is down"
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Re: Question RE urllib

[Larry Martell]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 6:40 AM, Jeff James  wrote:
> So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they are
> all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact, they
> are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the home
> page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked internally ?
> Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
> sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the script ?
> There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use those
> in the following script as examples.   Thanks
>
> import urllib
>
> sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";, "https://internalsite.com/intranet.html";,
> etc.]
>
> for site in sites:
> try:
> urllib.urlopen(site)
> print site + " "
> except Exception, e:
> print site + " is down"

In the handler print out the exception you are getting.
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 8:42 PM, Mark Lawrence  wrote:
> I've done the latter, but still can't fit all the data for my 100+ screens
> into a one liner, help please :)

With 100 screens, you should be able to use lines of text up to 8000
characters long - just make sure your screens are organized
horizontally. Shorten all variable names to a single letter, omit all
unnecessary spaces, and you should be able to fit the code within that
space.

ChrisA
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Re: Question RE urllib

[Tim Chase]

On 2013-12-16 04:40, Jeff James wrote:
> These sites do not require a logon in order for the home
> page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked
> internally ? Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but
> all are internal sites.  Is there some other component I should be
> including in the script ?

>From your description, I'm unsure whether it's *only* the HTTPS sites
that are having issues, or a subset of your URL list that includes
both HTTP and HTTPS (where those sites happen to be internal).

Either way, my first suspicion is that you have some sort of proxy
server in your network that web-browsers use.  The urlopen() accepts a
parameter to list proxy server information, which you should be able
to glean from your browser settings.

If your web-browser isn't using a proxy, the sites might be doing
unsavory things like filtering by user-agent.  Dumping the contents
of the exception (and including it here) might help diagnose.

-tkc



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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

> Here is the code:
> #!/usr/bin/env python
> import telnetlib
> host = '10.128.59.63'
> port = 7000
> t = Telnet(host, port)
> t.write('*IDN?\n')
> print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
> # you can use read_very_eager also
> 
> and this is the result of executing the code(from which I deduce I
> have to
> install telnetlib, but how?)
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "./nctelnet.py", line 5, in 
> t = Telnet(host, port)
> NameError: name 'Telnet' is not defined
> 
> kind regards,
> jean

t = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port)

JM


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Re: min max from tuples in list

[Chris Angelico]

On Sun, Dec 15, 2013 at 2:41 PM, Tim Roberts  wrote:
> Dennis Lee Bieber  wrote:
>>
>>>
>>>Well "performant" is performant enough for the purposes of communicating
>>>on the python list I think :D
>>
>>   Most probably could figure it out as being stylistically similar to
>>"conformant", which I believe IS used in English 
>>
>>conformant => something that conforms
>>performant => something that performs
>
> Yes, I suspect it comes from people expecting too much consistency.  If
> something that has "conformance" is "conformant", then something that has
> good "performance" must be "performant".

In a surprising coincidence, the word "performant" came up in a Daily
MTG article today:

http://www.wizards.com/Magic/Magazine/Article.aspx?x=mtg/daily/feature/278

Though it is used in double quotes to indicate that it's not exactly
standard English :)

Funny to see two nerdy interests meet!

ChrisA
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[88888 Dihedral]

On Friday, December 13, 2013 5:58:49 AM UTC+8, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Fri, Dec 13, 2013 at 8:27 AM, Dan Stromberg  wrote:
> 
> > On Thu, Dec 12, 2013 at 6:16 AM, Grant Edwards  
> > wrote:
> 
> >
> 
> >>> Sockets reserve the right to split one socket.send() into multiple
> 
> >>> socket.recv()'s on the other end of the communication, or to aggregate
> 
> >>> multiple socket.send()'s into a single socket.recv() - pretty much any way
> 
> >>> the relevant IP stacks and communications equipment feel like for the sake
> 
> >>> of performance or reliability.
> 
> >>
> 
> >> Just to be pedantic: _TCP_ sockets reserver that right.  UDP sockets
> 
> >> do not, and do in fact guarantee that each message is discrete.  [It
> 
> >> appears that the OP is undoubtedly using TCP sockets.]
> 
> >
> 
> > I haven't done a lot of UDP, but are you pretty sure UDP can't at
> 
> > least fragment large packets?  What's a router or switch to do if the
> 
> > Path MTU isn't large enough for an original packet?
> 
> >
> 
> > http://www.gamedev.net/topic/343577-fragmented-udp-packets/
> 
> 
> 
> I'm no expert on this (mostly I do TCP, or UDP with fairly small
> 
> packets), but the packet should be reassembled at the far end. When
> 
> your application comes to receive it, it'll receive the entire UDP
> 
> packet as a whole.
> 
> 
> 
> UDP fragmentation has several problems. First, if any fragment is
> 
> lost, it won't be retransmitted (as TCP will), so the whole datagram
> 
> is lost. And secondly, if you stream data across the network in a
> 
> series of packets just a little too large to fit, each one will get
> 
> split in two and you'll end up with twice as many packets going out,
> 
> ergo abysmal performance. With TCP, there's the chance that the sender
> 
> and receiver can between them figure out what packet size to use (cf
> 
> path MTU discovery), but that won't happen with UDP unless the
> 
> application consciously does it. So it's something to be cautious of
> 
> in terms of performance, but if you want to send large UDP packets
> 
> because they make sense, just go ahead and do it.
> 
> 
> 
> Now, if you want reliability AND datagrams, it's a lot easier to add
> 
> boundaries to a TCP stream (sentinel or length prefixes) than to add
> 
> reliability to UDP...
> 
> 
> 
> ChrisA
It is trivial to use UDP with 
forward error correction such as 
the CD in 1982.
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Re: Wrapping around a list in Python.

[David Robinow]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 12:26 AM,   wrote:
> The idea is to grab the last 4 elements of the array. However i have an array 
> that contains a few hundred elements in it. And the values continues to 
> .append over time. How would i be able to display the last 4 elements of the 
> array under such a condition?

I assume you mean 'list' rather than 'array'.
If all you want to do is 'display' the last 4 elements:

big_list = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
last4 =  big_list[-4:]
print(last4)
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Re: Wrapping around a list in Python.

[Dave Angel]

On Sun, 15 Dec 2013 21:26:49 -0800 (PST), shengjie.sheng...@live.com 
wrote:
The idea is to grab the last 4 elements of the array. However i 
have an array that contains a few hundred elements in it. And the 
values continues to .append over time. How would i be able to display 
the last 4 elements of the array under such a condition?


Your earlier example showed [5, 4, 1, 2] as one of the results, which 
is not "the last four". But assuming your goal has now changed and 
you really have an array (or list) of a few hundred elements,  then 
you can just use data [-4:] to get them. 

But if you're being imprecise and these values are not really in an 
array, then follow Peter ' advice and use a deque. Or fake it with a 
list,  appending to the end and popping from the beginning.


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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Chris Angelico]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 11:38 PM, 8 Dihedral
 wrote:
> It is trivial to use UDP with
> forward error correction such as
> the CD in 1982.

This is another reason for moving to IPv6. With IPv4, the size of a
datagram is limited to 64KB, but with IPv6, you could carry an entire
CD's contents in a single message. You could not carry a DVD, though,
so Dihedral is quite correct to cite the CD here.

ChrisA
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Re: Question Re urllib (Jeff James)

[Jeff James]

I'm not really receiving an "exception" other than those three sites, out
of the 30 or so I have listed, are the only sites which show "is down" at
the end of that line specifying the site.

Where " # " has been substituted for our domain name

https://my..com/intranet.html* is down*
http://#.main..com/psso/pssignsso.asp?dbname=FSPRD90
* is down*
http://sharepoint..com/regions/west/PHX_NSC/default.aspx
* is down*



Cc: python-list@python.org
Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2013 06:54:48 -0500
Subject: Re: Question RE urllib
On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 6:40 AM, Jeff James  wrote:
> So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they are
> all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact, they
> are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the
home
> page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked internally
?
> Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
> sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the script
?
> There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use
those
> in the following script as examples.   Thanks
>
> import urllib
>
> sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";, "https://internalsite.com/intranet.html
",
> etc.]
>
> for site in sites:
> try:
> urllib.urlopen(site)
> print site + " "
> except Exception, e:
> print site + " is down"

In the handler print out the exception you are getting.
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Re: Launching Helium: A Selenium wrapper that makes web automation 50% easier

[Michael Herrmann]

On Monday, December 16, 2013 12:40:56 PM UTC+1, larry@gmail.com wrote:
...
> Is this open source?

No. We quit our daytime jobs to work on this project and need the income to 
sustain our development...
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Re: Question Re urllib (Jeff James)

[Larry Martell]

On Monday, December 16, 2013, Jeff James wrote:

> I'm not really receiving an "exception" other than those three sites, out
> of the 30 or so I have listed, are the only sites which show "is down" at
> the end of that line specifying the site.
>
>
> Where " # " has been substituted for our domain name
>
> https://my..com/intranet.html* is down*
> http://#.main..com/psso/pssignsso.asp?dbname=FSPRD90
> * is down *
> http://sharepoint..com/regions/west/PHX_NSC/default.aspx
> * is down*
>
>
>
> Cc: python-list@python.org  'python-list@python.org');>
> Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2013 06:54:48 -0500
> Subject: Re: Question RE urllib
> On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 6:40 AM, Jeff James 
> >
> wrote:
> > So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they
> are
> > all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact, they
> > are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the
> home
> > page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked
> internally ?
> > Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
> > sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the
> script ?
> > There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use
> those
> > in the following script as examples.   Thanks
> >
> > import urllib
> >
> > sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";, "
> https://internalsite.com/intranet.html";,
> > etc.]
> >
> > for site in sites:
> > try:
> > urllib.urlopen(site)
> > print site + " "
> > except Exception, e:
> > print site + " is down"
>
> In the handler print out the exception you are getting.
>

If your exception handler is being called then you are indeed getting an
exception. Add:

print str(e)

to the handler
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean Dubois]

Op maandag 16 december 2013 13:05:41 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel Pichavant:
> > Here is the code:
> > #!/usr/bin/env python
> > import telnetlib
> > host = '10.128.59.63'
> > port = 7000
> > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > t.write('*IDN?\n')
> > print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
> > # you can use read_very_eager also
> > 
> > and this is the result of executing the code(from which I deduce I
> > have to
> > install telnetlib, but how?)
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "./nctelnet.py", line 5, in 
> > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > NameError: name 'Telnet' is not defined
> > 
> > kind regards,
> > jean
> t = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port)
this helps, but I don't know what to do with 
"print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')"

should I send CTRL-ALT-ALTGR-] after some time?

kind regards,
jean
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Mark Lawrence]

On 16/12/2013 11:58, Chris Angelico wrote:

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 8:42 PM, Mark Lawrence  wrote:

I've done the latter, but still can't fit all the data for my 100+ screens
into a one liner, help please :)


With 100 screens, you should be able to use lines of text up to 8000
characters long - just make sure your screens are organized
horizontally. Shorten all variable names to a single letter, omit all
unnecessary spaces, and you should be able to fit the code within that
space.

ChrisA



Thanks for this extremely useful advice, it's much appreciated :)

--
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what you can do for our language.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Roy Smith]

On Friday, December 13, 2013 5:58:49 AM UTC+8, Chris Angelico wrote:
> > Now, if you want reliability AND datagrams, it's a lot easier to add
> > boundaries to a TCP stream (sentinel or length prefixes) than to add
> > reliability to UDP...

In article <11cb8cd3-7a12-46b2-abc6-53fbc2a54...@googlegroups.com>,
 8 Dihedral  wrote:

> It is trivial to use UDP with 
> forward error correction such as 
> the CD in 1982.

CD uses Reed-Solomon coding, which is great for correcting the types of 
errors expected on a CD.  Namely, bursts of bit errors caused by 
localized failure of the optical coating, scratches, dirt, etc.  It 
wouldn't be hard to build something like that on top of UDP, but those 
sorts of errors are not what you typically see in networks.

It's relatively rare for a bit to get corrupted in a network packet.  
And, when it does, it's almost certainly caught by lower-level 
mechanisms such as ethernet frame CRC.  Much more likely is for a packet 
to get dropped because of queue overflow, or for sequential packets to 
arrive out of order due to multiple transmission paths with different 
latencies.  Those are the sorts of things TCP protects against.

Sure, you could implement retransmit timers and packet reordering in 
user code, but it would be distinctly non-trivial and ultimately you 
would end up reinventing most of TCP.  Except that your implementation 
would suck compared to the kernel algorithms which have been 
continuously tested and fine-tuned for the past 30 years.
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

- Original Message -
> Op maandag 16 december 2013 13:05:41 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel
> Pichavant:
> > > Here is the code:
> > > #!/usr/bin/env python
> > > import telnetlib
> > > host = '10.128.59.63'
> > > port = 7000
> > > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > > t.write('*IDN?\n')
> > > print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
> > > # you can use read_very_eager also
> > > 
> > > and this is the result of executing the code(from which I deduce
> > > I
> > > have to
> > > install telnetlib, but how?)
> > > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > >   File "./nctelnet.py", line 5, in 
> > > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > > NameError: name 'Telnet' is not defined
> > > 
> > > kind regards,
> > > jean
> > t = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port)
> this helps, but I don't know what to do with
> "print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')"
> 
> should I send CTRL-ALT-ALTGR-] after some time?
> 
> kind regards,
> jean

one way to approach the problem is to first make some monkey tests.
1/ connect to your equipment using telnet (from the linux shell)
2/ try typing some commands like *IDN?
3/ see how the equipment is answering
4/ you need to identify what is the prompt, and what EndOfLine sequence is used.
5/ then in a python shell, try to reproduce the behavior:

  import telnetlib
  t = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port)
  t.read_very_eager() #flush
  t.write('\n')
  prompt = t.read_very_eager() #this is one way to get the prompt
  print repr(prompt) #you may identify the EOL sequence with this one

When you get a good feeling about how it works, write the code.

JM


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Re: Downloading multiple files based on info extracted from CSV

[Matt Graves]

On Thursday, December 12, 2013 5:20:59 PM UTC-5, Chris Angelico wrote:

> import urllib
> 
> import csv
> 
> 
> 
> # You actually could get away with not using a with
> 
> # block here, but may as well keep it for best practice
> 
> with open('clients.csv') as f:
> 
> for client in csv.reader(f):
> 
> urllib.urlretrieve(client[7], client[0] + ".csv")
> 
> 
> 
> Yep, that's it! That's all you need. 


Worked perfect. Thank you!
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Small script to check serial port sucking down system resources.

[sem2jy]

i am new to python and programming all together.

i wrote a program to watch a serial port and look for a command.  
then send a tcp packet.  
all works great but it takes my processor load to about %25.
not sure if there is a way to make this more efficient.

import serial

import socket
HOST = '127.0.0.1'# The remote host
PORT = 5250 # The same port as used by the server
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((HOST, PORT))

##

ser = serial.Serial(
port='COM10',\
baudrate=9600,\
parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,\
stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,\
bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,\
timeout=0)

print("connected to: " + ser.portstr)

#this will store the line
line = []
c = 0
while True:
for c in ser.readline():
line.append(c)

if c == '1':

s.send('CG 1-21 ADD 1 reserveisoff 1 \r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
print 'Received', repr(data)
   
print("one")
line = []
break
 
if c == '2':

s.send('PLAY 1-1 AMB.mp4 \r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
print 'Received', repr(data)
s.send('LOADBG 1-1 EMPTY MIX 30 AUTO \r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
print 'Received', repr(data)
print("two")
line = []

break

s.close()
ser.close()



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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Kevin Walzer]

On 12/15/13, 5:06 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:


Yeah, but there's a difference between passing your GUI incantations
on to a library function (written in C but now just part of a binary
library) and feeding them to a completely different language
interpreter. When I write something with PyGTK, I can't, even in
theory, give it arbitrary C code to execute. From what I understand
here, that *is* true of Tcl, which means that the Python download
contains a Python interpreter and a Tcl interpreter. I'm not saying
that's a bad thing to do, but it is calculated to provoke remark.


Yes, a Tkinter app has both a Python interpreter and an underlying Tcl 
interpreter. Let's be clear about that.


The technical reason for this is that, during Python's early 
development, Tk was the simplest, most powerful and OSS-friendly GUI 
toolkit out there (compared to, let's say, Motif). Its reliance on Tcl 
was a plus because Tcl's C API is exceptionally clean and easy to 
embed/call from other C libraries (that was Tcl's original main focus, 
embedding in C).


Embedding the Tcl interpreter remains a sound decision today. It makes 
it trivial to keep Tkinter updated in sync with Tk updates, since the 
Tcl interpreter does most of the heavy lifting. The recent effort to 
wrap Tk's new themed widgets is a good one: nearly all of the work was 
done at the Python level. Compare this approach to Perl's original one, 
which stripped out Tcl and implemented Tk integration entirely in C. Any 
updates require heavy lifting in C and, in fact, Perl/Tk has not kept up 
with Tk's main line of development (it does not run natively on the Mac, 
for instance).


Calling through Tkinter to Tcl also provides some other conveniences. If 
you're writing a Tkinter app and want to access some platform-specific 
functionality that requires C calls, that may require a library 
extension written against Tcl/Tk's C API (i.e. the Mac's NSServices 
API--that can't be accessed using ctypes because it hooks into the 
window server). Fortunately, Tk is very easy to extend in C--much 
simpler than extending wxWidgets or Qt.


Finally, Tcl is itself a fully-featured, general programming language 
that is a peer to Python both generationally and in terms of its 
capabilities; the main way it lags is in the size of its development 
community. In other words, you are not handing the ball off to a 
90-pound weakling if you need to call into Tcl from Python via Tkinter. ;-)


--Kevin

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Re: New to Python, Help to get script working?

[Ned Batchelder]

On 12/16/13 3:02 AM, Mark wrote:


If i just try to double click the script, i get an index error, i can barely 
see the window it disappears so fast, but thats what I see.



If you're going to participate in this forum, you'll get better help 
from people if you use the medium well.


1) Sending 4 message in a row, within 15 minutes, each replying to the 
other, is not a good way to use a forum like this.  Get your thoughts in 
order and send one message.


2) While I am normally quite tolerant of the double-spacing Google 
Groups insists on, your messages are taking it to absurd extremes.  Take 
a look at your last message: 
https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2013-December/662678.html 
 True, it's kind of beautiful in an abstract way, and is an interesting 
demonstration of certain binary behaviors, but it is not a good way to 
participate here.


Of course, the messages you post are your choice, but you should 
consider the effect they have on the people you are hoping to get help from.


--
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean Dubois]

Op maandag 16 december 2013 15:16:17 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel Pichavant:
> - Original Message -
> > Op maandag 16 december 2013 13:05:41 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel
> > Pichavant:
> > > > Here is the code:
> > > > #!/usr/bin/env python
> > > > import telnetlib
> > > > host = '10.128.59.63'
> > > > port = 7000
> > > > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > > > t.write('*IDN?\n')
> > > > print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')
> > > > # you can use read_very_eager also
> > > > 
> > > > and this is the result of executing the code(from which I deduce
> > > > I
> > > > have to
> > > > install telnetlib, but how?)
> > > > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > > >   File "./nctelnet.py", line 5, in 
> > > > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > > > NameError: name 'Telnet' is not defined
> > > > 
> > > > kind regards,
> > > > jean
> > > t = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port)
> > this helps, but I don't know what to do with
> > "print t.read_until('Whateverprompt')"
> > 
> > should I send CTRL-ALT-ALTGR-] after some time?
> > 
> > kind regards,
> > jean
> one way to approach the problem is to first make some monkey tests.
> 1/ connect to your equipment using telnet (from the linux shell)
> 2/ try typing some commands like *IDN?
> 3/ see how the equipment is answering
> 4/ you need to identify what is the prompt, and what EndOfLine sequence is 
> used.
> 5/ then in a python shell, try to reproduce the behavior:
>   import telnetlib
>   t = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port)
>   t.read_very_eager() #flush
>   t.write('\n')
>   prompt = t.read_very_eager() #this is one way to get the prompt
>   print repr(prompt) #you may identify the EOL sequence with this one
> When you get a good feeling about how it works, write the code.
Running you code I get as response:
''


This is what I got using telnet:
[jean:~] $ telnet 10.128.59.63 7000
Trying 10.128.59.63...
Connected to 10.128.59.63.
Escape character is '^]'.
*IDN?
KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC.,MODEL 2425,1078209,C32   Oct  4 2010
14:20:11/A02  /E/ 
 H

after pressing CTRL-ALT-ALTGR-] I get this:
^[^]
after which I get the telnet-prompt
>telnet
and I can quit telnet by entering quit


kind regards,
jean
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 1:55 AM, Kevin Walzer  wrote:
> Finally, Tcl is itself a fully-featured, general programming language that
> is a peer to Python both generationally and in terms of its capabilities;
> the main way it lags is in the size of its development community. In other
> words, you are not handing the ball off to a 90-pound weakling if you need
> to call into Tcl from Python via Tkinter. ;-)

Having made a tweak to gitk at one point, I have to say Tcl is
definitely inferior to Python. I'd much rather work with Python
itself. :)

ChrisA
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Kevin Walzer]

On 12/16/13, 10:20 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:

Having made a tweak to gitk at one point, I have to say Tcl is
definitely inferior to Python.


Without starting a flame war, can you elaborate? I'm curious about your 
perspective.


(I studied PSL--Python as a Second Language--so develop in it with a 
slight accent. I'm a native Tcl developer, for better or worse.)


--Kevin

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Re: min max from tuples in list

[rusi]

On Sunday, December 15, 2013 9:11:15 AM UTC+5:30, Tim Roberts wrote:
> Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> >>Well "performant" is performant enough for the purposes of communicating
> >>on the python list I think :D
> > Most probably could figure it out as being stylistically similar to
> >conformant => something that conforms
> >performant => something that performs

> Yes, I suspect it comes from people expecting too much consistency.  If
> something that has "conformance" is "conformant", then something that has
> good "performance" must be "performant".

And things that have consistency are of course...

consistant

(not consistent)
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Re: min max from tuples in list

[Ned Batchelder]

On 12/16/13 10:49 AM, rusi wrote:

On Sunday, December 15, 2013 9:11:15 AM UTC+5:30, Tim Roberts wrote:

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

Well "performant" is performant enough for the purposes of communicating
on the python list I think :D

Most probably could figure it out as being stylistically similar to
conformant => something that conforms
performant => something that performs



Yes, I suspect it comes from people expecting too much consistency.  If
something that has "conformance" is "conformant", then something that has
good "performance" must be "performant".


And things that have consistency are of course...

consistant

(not consistent)



In English, it's spelled consistent: 
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consistant


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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 2:32 AM, Kevin Walzer  wrote:
> On 12/16/13, 10:20 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>
>> Having made a tweak to gitk at one point, I have to say Tcl is
>> definitely inferior to Python.
>
>
> Without starting a flame war, can you elaborate? I'm curious about your
> perspective.
>
> (I studied PSL--Python as a Second Language--so develop in it with a slight
> accent. I'm a native Tcl developer, for better or worse.)

Here's the Tcl procedure that I tweaked. This is from gitk; I find the
word diff not all that useful, but a character diff at times is very
useful. I haven't found a way to configure the word diff regex through
gitk's options, so I tweaked it in the source code.

proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
global blobdifffd diffids env
global diffinhdr treediffs
global diffcontext
global ignorespace
global worddiff
global limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
global git_version currdiffsubmod

set textconv {}
if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.1"] >= 0} {
set textconv "--textconv"
}
set submodule {}
if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.6"] >= 0} {
set submodule "--submodule"
}
set cmd [diffcmd $ids "-p $textconv $submodule  -C --cc
--no-commit-id -U$diffcontext"]
if {$ignorespace} {
append cmd " -w"
}
if {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"]} {
append cmd " --word-diff=porcelain --word-diff-regex=."
}
if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
}
if {[catch {set bdf [open $cmd r]} err]} {
error_popup [mc "Error getting diffs: %s" $err]
return
}
set targetline {}
set diffnparents 0
set diffinhdr 0
set diffencoding [get_path_encoding {}]
fconfigure $bdf -blocking 0 -encoding binary -eofchar {}
set blobdifffd($ids) $bdf
set currdiffsubmod ""
filerun $bdf [list getblobdiffline $bdf $diffids]
}

First off, everything's done with commands, rather than assignment
("set diffinhdr 0"), which is very shell-style and not very
programming-style. Can live with that, though even shells can use
equals signs for simplicity. Similarly, the shell style of adorning
variable usage feels messy. There are string literals, some of which
contain interpolated variables; there are dollar-sign adorned
variables; and then there are other words. What are the other words?
Are they implicit strings (as they would be in, say, bash)? I've never
really liked that style. Anyway. Can get past that.

Secondly, what does this do?
if {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"]}

I *think* it means 'if $worddiff is not equal to "Line diff" (this
code is executed for the options "Markup words" and "Color words", but
what's the mc do? How am I supposed to figure out what it does? Where
do I begin to look?

This is where, IMO, Python tends to be a lot clearer. It's easy to see
what's an object and what's a method on it, and every bare word is
either a local name or a standard built-in name. I'm sure Tcl's a
great language, but I'd rather not have to drop out of Python into it
if I can help it. :)

ChrisA
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[88888 Dihedral]

On Saturday, December 14, 2013 8:12:16 PM UTC+8, Jai wrote:
> GUI:-want to learn GUI programming in python  , how should i proceed.
> 
> 
> 
> There are lots of book here so I am  confuse which book  i should refer so 
> that i don't waste time . please answer

Please check JYTHON and those 
ready-for-novice GUI tools in java.

Python is a higher level language 
that can support manny lower 
level languages.
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

> This is what I got using telnet:
> [jean:~] $ telnet 10.128.59.63 7000
> Trying 10.128.59.63...
> Connected to 10.128.59.63.
> Escape character is '^]'.
> *IDN?
> KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC.,MODEL 2425,1078209,C32   Oct  4 2010
> 14:20:11/A02  /E/
>  H
> 
> after pressing CTRL-ALT-ALTGR-] I get this:
> ^[^]
> after which I get the telnet-prompt
> >telnet
> and I can quit telnet by entering quit
> 
> 
> kind regards,
> jean
> --
> https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


Looks like you don't have any prompt.
Try something simple first:

import telnetlib
host = '10.128.59.63'
port = 7000
t = Telnet(host, port)

def flush()
  t.read_very_eager()

def sendCmd(cmd)
  t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
  return flush()

flush()
print sendCmd('*IDN?')
print sendCmd('*OPC?')


JM


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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Grant Edwards]

On 2013-12-16, Chris Angelico  wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 2:32 AM, Kevin Walzer  wrote:
>> On 12/16/13, 10:20 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>>
>>> Having made a tweak to gitk at one point, I have to say Tcl is
>>> definitely inferior to Python.
>>
>>
>> Without starting a flame war, can you elaborate? I'm curious about your
>> perspective.

I wrote a few Tcl apps once many, many years ago.  After attempting to
write something more than a few hundred lines long, I gave up and
swore off Tcl completely.  I switched to Scheme, and later to Python.

The things I found infuriating about Tcl:

  * The "everything is a string" view of the world is severly
limiting if you're not just processing strings.

  * The quoting syntax and semantics appears to have been invented by
somebody at the CIA as a way to torture programmers into doing...
something... I don't know what.

  * Tcl doesn't seem to have any sort of coherent design or philosophy
behind it but rather consists of a bunch of hacks piled on top of
a simple and limited shell-like string processing language.  It
sort of feels like PHP in that regard.

When I finally gave up fighting with Tcl's quoting semantics half way
through a medium/small application and switched to Scheme/Tk, I had my
app written from scratch in a fraction of the time it took to get
about half way done in Tcl, and with about 1/3 the lines of code.

Python probably would have cut both hours and lines by half again
compared to Scheme.

-- 
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 3:46 AM, Grant Edwards  wrote:
>   * The "everything is a string" view of the world is severly
> limiting if you're not just processing strings.

I wasn't sure if that was the case, from what I was seeing. Are there
any aggregate types at all?

ChrisA
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Grant Edwards]

On 2013-12-16, Chris Angelico  wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 3:46 AM, Grant Edwards  
> wrote:
>>   * The "everything is a string" view of the world is severly
>> limiting if you're not just processing strings.
>
> I wasn't sure if that was the case, from what I was seeing. Are there
> any aggregate types at all?

There are arrays with string keys (similar to Python dictionaries).

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Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Ravi Prabakaran]

Hi,
I'm completely new to python. I just need simple logic to get output without 
any loops.
I have list of string and list of list of numbers.
Each string should be concatenated with every third and fourth values to 
generate proper titles in list of strings.

t = ['Start','End']
a = [[1,2,3,4],
 [5,6,7,8]]


Expected Result : ( list of strings )

['Start - 3 , End - 4',
 'Start - 7 , End - 8']

Note : First 2 values from each list should be ignored.


Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?

Thanks
Ravi
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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 4:16 AM, Ravi Prabakaran  wrote:
> Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?
>

Why "without loops"? The best solution, in my opinion, is a loop. Is
this a specific challenge (homework)? I could make you a list
comprehension, but that's really just another form of loop

More information on the problem parameters, please?

ChrisA
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Determining whether a glyph is available in Tkinter

[wmcbrine]

I have a Tkinter app that can optionally label some buttons with certain 
Unicode glyphs that aren't always available (depending on the OS, etc.). When 
they aren't available, Tkinter renders them as "\u". What I'd like to do is 
check whether the glyphs are available, and fall back to my own alternate text 
for the button if not. Can I do this?

I'd also like to do the same in pygtk.
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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Mark Lawrence]

On 16/12/2013 17:16, Ravi Prabakaran wrote:

Hi,
I'm completely new to python. I just need simple logic to get output without 
any loops.
I have list of string and list of list of numbers.
Each string should be concatenated with every third and fourth values to 
generate proper titles in list of strings.

t = ['Start','End']
a = [[1,2,3,4],
  [5,6,7,8]]

Expected Result : ( list of strings )

['Start - 3 , End - 4',
  'Start - 7 , End - 8']

Note : First 2 values from each list should be ignored.

Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?

Thanks
Ravi



I've no idea what your definition of "best" is but this works.

strings = ['{} - {} , {} - {}'.format(t[0], b[-2], t[1], b[-1]) for b in a]

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what you can do for our language.


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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 4:41 AM, Ravi Prabakaran  wrote:
>> Hi Chris,
>
> Thanks for reply.   If you have any good idea with loop, please post.  But
> i'm looking same without loop because python has slicing,concatenating and
> other straight forward feature. I guess it can be done without loop.  My
> client does not prefer loops and expects simple and neat code to improve
> performance. We are dealing with billion data.

I'm going to hope that it was in error that you sent this off-list, or
at least that you won't mind my replying on-list. Here's one way to do
it:

t = ['Start','End']
a = [[1,2,3,4],
 [5,6,7,8]]
result = []
for cur in a:
 result.append("%s - %d"%(t[0],cur[2]))
 result.append("%s - %d"%(t[1],cur[3]))

ChrisA
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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 4:51 AM, Chris Angelico  wrote:
> t = ['Start','End']
> a = [[1,2,3,4],
>  [5,6,7,8]]
> result = []
> for cur in a:
>  result.append("%s - %d"%(t[0],cur[2]))
>  result.append("%s - %d"%(t[1],cur[3]))

Whoops, I misread the desired output, I thought you wanted a
four-string list. It's two strings. That's actually easier, and Mark's
solution is pretty much what I'd go for.

ChrisA
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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Jussi Piitulainen]

Ravi Prabakaran writes:

> I'm completely new to python. I just need simple logic to get output
> without any loops.
> I have list of string and list of list of numbers.
> Each string should be concatenated with every third and fourth
> values to generate proper titles in list of strings.
> 
> t = ['Start','End']
> a = [[1,2,3,4],
>  [5,6,7,8]]
> 
> 
> Expected Result : ( list of strings )
> 
> ['Start - 3 , End - 4',
>  'Start - 7 , End - 8']
> 
> Note : First 2 values from each list should be ignored.
> 
> 
> Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?

That's a strange requirement - to have repetition without loops, in
Python, and still have a best solution.

I suppose it's fine to have a (built-in) function do the looping for
you so that there is no explicit loop in your own code. The .format
method of Python strings can do each individual string:

   list(map('{2} - {0} , {3} - {1}'
.format('{0[2]}', '{0[3]}', *t)
.format, a))

The first (inner) call of .format builds the actual format string
whose .format method then builds each output string: {0[2]} in a
format string refers to the argument position 0 and its element
position 2; *t spreads the two elements of t as further positional
arguments.

If you have any background in functional programming with lists, map
should be fine and familiar. I would probably build and name the
format string outside the actual call as follows (untested).

   start, end = t
   format = ( '{2} - {0} , {3} - {1}'
  .format('{0[2]}', '{0[3]}', start, end)
  .format )
   list(map(format, a))

All other things that come to mind would either be too much like loops
or they couldn't possibly be a best solution.

Incidentally, if you want a one-liner and tolerate long lines, the
first form I gave is perfectly good for that purpose.

I think *t and str.format require version 3 of Python.
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean Dubois]

Op maandag 16 december 2013 17:44:31 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel Pichavant:
> > This is what I got using telnet:
> > [jean:~] $ telnet 10.128.59.63 7000
> > Trying 10.128.59.63...
> > Connected to 10.128.59.63.
> > Escape character is '^]'.
> > *IDN?
> > KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC.,MODEL 2425,1078209,C32   Oct  4 2010
> > 14:20:11/A02  /E/
> >  H
> > 
> > after pressing CTRL-ALT-ALTGR-] I get this:
> > ^[^]
> > after which I get the telnet-prompt
> > >telnet
> > and I can quit telnet by entering quit
> > 
> > 
> > kind regards,
> > jean
> > --
> > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
> Looks like you don't have any prompt.
> Try something simple first:
> import telnetlib
> host = '10.128.59.63'
> port = 7000
> t = Telnet(host, port)
> def flush()
>   t.read_very_eager()
> def sendCmd(cmd)
>   t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
>   return flush()
> flush()
> print sendCmd('*IDN?')
> print sendCmd('*OPC?')
Still no success:
jean@mantec:~$ ./test.py 
  File "./test.py", line 7
def flush()
  ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


Tried it both with python2 and python3, same error...

kind regards,
jean
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 5:26 AM, Jean Dubois  wrote:
>> Try something simple first:
>> import telnetlib
>> host = '10.128.59.63'
>> port = 7000
>> t = Telnet(host, port)
>> def flush()
>>   t.read_very_eager()
>> def sendCmd(cmd)
>>   t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
>>   return flush()
>> flush()
>> print sendCmd('*IDN?')
>> print sendCmd('*OPC?')
> Still no success:
> jean@mantec:~$ ./test.py
>   File "./test.py", line 7
> def flush()
>   ^
> SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>
>
> Tried it both with python2 and python3, same error...

Folks, the OP isn't an expert. Please test your scripts before posting!

I don't have everything I need to test this fully, but here's a
variant of the above that's at least syntactically correct:

from telnetlib import *
host = '10.128.59.63'
port = 7000
t = Telnet(host, port)
def flush():
  t.read_very_eager()
def sendCmd(cmd):
  t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
  return flush()
flush()
print sendCmd('*IDN?')
print sendCmd('*OPC?')

It's written for Python 2, so use that interpreter.

ChrisA
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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Peter Otten]

Jussi Piitulainen wrote:

> Ravi Prabakaran writes:
> 
>> I'm completely new to python. I just need simple logic to get output
>> without any loops.
>> I have list of string and list of list of numbers.
>> Each string should be concatenated with every third and fourth
>> values to generate proper titles in list of strings.
>> 
>> t = ['Start','End']
>> a = [[1,2,3,4],
>>  [5,6,7,8]]
>> 
>> 
>> Expected Result : ( list of strings )
>> 
>> ['Start - 3 , End - 4',
>>  'Start - 7 , End - 8']
>> 
>> Note : First 2 values from each list should be ignored.
>> 
>> 
>> Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?
> 
> That's a strange requirement - to have repetition without loops, in
> Python, and still have a best solution.
> 
> I suppose it's fine to have a (built-in) function do the looping for
> you so that there is no explicit loop in your own code. The .format
> method of Python strings can do each individual string:
> 
>list(map('{2} - {0} , {3} - {1}'
> .format('{0[2]}', '{0[3]}', *t)
> .format, a))

Don't do that if t may contain user data. For the sake of the argument let's 
assume that a[...][0:2] is confidential. Then

>>> t = "{0[0]}", "{0[1]}"
>>> list(map('{2} - {0} , {3} - {1}'
... .format('{0[2]}', '{0[3]}', *t)
... .format, a))
['1 - 3 , 2 - 4', '5 - 7 , 6 - 8']

(I think doubling the braces is sufficient to fix this)

> The first (inner) call of .format builds the actual format string
> whose .format method then builds each output string: {0[2]} in a
> format string refers to the argument position 0 and its element
> position 2; *t spreads the two elements of t as further positional
> arguments.



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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Dave Angel]

On Mon, 16 Dec 2013 10:26:14 -0800 (PST), Jean Dubois 
 wrote:




  File "./test.py", line 7
def flush()
  ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


A definition line needs to end with a colon (fix the other as well)

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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[John Gordon]

In <2333bfb4-cd72-4ed0-9b28-d8dbe26b5...@googlegroups.com> Ravi Prabakaran 
 writes:

> Hi,
> I'm completely new to python. I just need simple logic to get output without 
> any loops.
> I have list of string and list of list of numbers.
> Each string should be concatenated with every third and fourth values to 
> generate proper titles in list of strings.

> t = ['Start','End']
> a = [[1,2,3,4],
>  [5,6,7,8]]


> Expected Result : ( list of strings )

> ['Start - 3 , End - 4',
>  'Start - 7 , End - 8']

> Note : First 2 values from each list should be ignored.


> Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?

output_list = []
t = ['Start','End']
a = [[1,2,3,4],
 [5,6,7,8]]

output_list.append('%s - %s, %s - %s' % (t[0], a[0][2], t[1], a[0][3]))
output_list.append('%s - %s, %s - %s' % (t[0], a[1][2], t[1], a[1][3]))

print output_list


-- 
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gor...@panix.comwatch 'House', or a real serial killer to watch 'Dexter'.

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Re: Small script to check serial port sucking down system resources.

[MRAB]

On 16/12/2013 14:31, sem...@gmail.com wrote:

i am new to python and programming all together.

i wrote a program to watch a serial port and look for a command.
then send a tcp packet.
all works great but it takes my processor load to about %25.
not sure if there is a way to make this more efficient.

import serial

import socket
HOST = '127.0.0.1'# The remote host
PORT = 5250 # The same port as used by the server
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((HOST, PORT))

##

ser = serial.Serial(
 port='COM10',\
 baudrate=9600,\
 parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,\
 stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,\
 bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,\
 timeout=0)

print("connected to: " + ser.portstr)

#this will store the line
line = []
c = 0
while True:
 for c in ser.readline():
 line.append(c)

 if c == '1':

 s.send('CG 1-21 ADD 1 reserveisoff 1 \r\n')
 data = s.recv(1024)
 print 'Received', repr(data)

 print("one")
 line = []
 break

 if c == '2':

 s.send('PLAY 1-1 AMB.mp4 \r\n')
 data = s.recv(1024)
 print 'Received', repr(data)
 s.send('LOADBG 1-1 EMPTY MIX 30 AUTO \r\n')
 data = s.recv(1024)
 print 'Received', repr(data)
 print("two")
 line = []

 break

s.close()
ser.close()


I think the problem might be that you've set the timeout to 0, so it
doesn't block if there's no data available.

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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

- Original Message -
> On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 5:26 AM, Jean Dubois
>  wrote:
> >> Try something simple first:
> >> import telnetlib
> >> host = '10.128.59.63'
> >> port = 7000
> >> t = Telnet(host, port)
> >> def flush()
> >>   t.read_very_eager()
> >> def sendCmd(cmd)
> >>   t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
> >>   return flush()
> >> flush()
> >> print sendCmd('*IDN?')
> >> print sendCmd('*OPC?')
> > Still no success:
> > jean@mantec:~$ ./test.py
> >   File "./test.py", line 7
> > def flush()
> >   ^
> > SyntaxError: invalid syntax
> >
> >
> > Tried it both with python2 and python3, same error...
> 
> Folks, the OP isn't an expert. Please test your scripts before
> posting!
> 
> I don't have everything I need to test this fully, but here's a
> variant of the above that's at least syntactically correct:
> 
> from telnetlib import *
> host = '10.128.59.63'
> port = 7000
> t = Telnet(host, port)
> def flush():
>   t.read_very_eager()
> def sendCmd(cmd):
>   t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
>   return flush()
> flush()
> print sendCmd('*IDN?')
> print sendCmd('*OPC?')
> 
> It's written for Python 2, so use that interpreter.
> 
> ChrisA

It was done on purpose, for educational purpose... :) 
My bad, however I should point that learning the very basic of a language by 
implementing a low level equipment remote protocol is rather ambitious.
By experience I know that you are annoyed by a crapload of nasty details 
without even caring about the python syntax, including:
  * LF/CR sequence
  * Inconsistent  answer pattern, depending on the equipment vendor
  * broken netcode that can block the remote server
  * timeouts
  * poor equipment feedback
I still wish Jean a great success :)


JM  


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Re: Determining whether a glyph is available in Tkinter

[Terry Reedy]

On 12/16/2013 12:32 PM, wmcbr...@gmail.com wrote:

I have a Tkinter app that can optionally label some buttons with
certain Unicode glyphs that aren't always available (depending on the
OS, etc.).


It depends on the font in use. The best scenario would be to always use 
the same unicode font. Idle, built on tkinter, has a configuration 
dialog that gets a list of available fonts and sets the one the user 
selects. I use Lucida Sans Unicode. It is not very pretty, but it seems 
to cover much the BMP. AFAIK, it should be available on all Windows from 
XP on. I do not know what comes with *nix and mac, but from reading

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_font#List_of_Unicode_fonts
there seem to be TrueType fonts that you could install with your 
software: FreeSerif (etc), GNU Unifont, (both GPL), BitstreamCyber (free 
for non-commercial use). The font table linked above is followed by 
table indicating something about coverage. Unifont is the champ.


> When they aren't available, Tkinter renders them as

"\u". What I'd like to do is check whether the glyphs are
available, and fall back to my own alternate text for the button if
not. Can I do this?


Don't know. See the 'Utility software' section of the page above.


I'd also like to do the same in pygtk.


No idea.

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RE: Question RE urllib

[Jeff James]

Sorry to be a pain here, guys, as I'm also a newbie at this as well.

Where, exactly in the script would I place the " print str(e)  " ?

Thanks

Original message :

I'm not really receiving an "exception" other than those three sites, out
> of the 30 or so I have listed, are the only sites which show "is down" at
> the end of that line specifying the site.
>
> Where " # " has been substituted for our domain name
>
> https://my..com/intranet.html* 
> is
> down*
> http://#.main..com/psso/pssignsso.asp?dbname=FSPRD90
> * is down*
> http://sharepoint..com/regions/west/PHX_NSC/default.aspx
> * is down*
>
>
>
> > So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they
> are
> > all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact, they
> > are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the
> home
> > page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked
> internally ?
> > Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
> > sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the
> script ?
> > There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use
> those
> > in the following script as examples.   Thanks
> >
> > import urllib
> >
> > sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";, "
> https://internalsite.com/intranet.html";,
> > etc.]
> >
> > for site in sites:
> > try:
> > urllib.urlopen(site)
> > print site + " "
> > except Exception, e:
> > print site + " is down"
>
> In the handler print out the exception you are getting.
>

If your exception handler is being called then you are indeed getting an
exception. Add:

print str(e)

to the handler
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Re: Question RE urllib

[Larry Martell]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 2:55 PM, Jeff James  wrote:
> Sorry to be a pain here, guys, as I'm also a newbie at this as well.
>
> Where, exactly in the script would I place the " print str(e)  " ?

The line after the print site + " is down" line.

>
> Thanks
>
> Original message :
>
>> I'm not really receiving an "exception" other than those three sites, out
>> of the 30 or so I have listed, are the only sites which show "is down" at
>> the end of that line specifying the site.
>>
>> Where " # " has been substituted for our domain name
>>
>> https://my..com/intranet.html is down
>> http://#.main..com/psso/pssignsso.asp?dbname=FSPRD90 is down
>> http://sharepoint..com/regions/west/PHX_NSC/default.aspx is down
>>
>>
>>
>> > So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they
>> > are
>> > all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact,
>> > they
>> > are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the
>> > home
>>
>> > page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked
>> > internally ?
>> > Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
>> > sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the
>> > script ?
>> > There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use
>> > those
>> > in the following script as examples.   Thanks
>> >
>> > import urllib
>> >
>> > sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";,
>> > "https://internalsite.com/intranet.html";,
>> > etc.]
>> >
>> > for site in sites:
>> > try:
>> > urllib.urlopen(site)
>> > print site + " "
>> > except Exception, e:
>> > print site + " is down"
>>
>> In the handler print out the exception you are getting.
>
>
> If your exception handler is being called then you are indeed getting an
> exception. Add:
>
> print str(e)
>
> to the handler
>
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>
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Re: Small script to check serial port sucking down system resources.

[Grant Edwards]

On 2013-12-16, MRAB  wrote:
> On 16/12/2013 14:31, sem...@gmail.com wrote:
>
>> i wrote a program to watch a serial port and look for a command. then
>> send a tcp packet. all works great but it takes my processor load to
>> about %25. not sure if there is a way to make this more efficient.
>>
>> import serial
>>

[...]

>> ser = serial.Serial(
>>  port='COM10',\
>>  baudrate=9600,\
>>  parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,\
>>  stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,\
>>  bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,\
>>  timeout=0)
>>
>> print("connected to: " + ser.portstr)
>>
>> #this will store the line
>> line = []

>> c = 0

The line above is useless -- it binds 'c' to the integer value 0, but
then you rebind 'c' to something else without ever referencing that
value.

>> while True:
>>  for c in ser.readline():
>>  line.append(c)
>>
>>  if c == '1':
>>
>>  s.send('CG 1-21 ADD 1 reserveisoff 1 \r\n')
>>  data = s.recv(1024)
>>  print 'Received', repr(data)
>>
>>  print("one")
>>  line = []
>>  break
>>
>>  if c == '2':
>>
>>  s.send('PLAY 1-1 AMB.mp4 \r\n')
>>  data = s.recv(1024)
>>  print 'Received', repr(data)
>>  s.send('LOADBG 1-1 EMPTY MIX 30 AUTO \r\n')
>>  data = s.recv(1024)
>>  print 'Received', repr(data)
>>  print("two")
>>  line = []
>>
>>  break
>>
>> s.close()
>> ser.close()

> I think the problem might be that you've set the timeout to 0, so it
> doesn't block if there's no data available.

That is indeed the problem.  When there's no serial data you're
spinning around in that loop as fast as your CPU can go.  Try setting
"timeout = None" when you set up the serial port.  That way the call
to ser.readline() will block (IOW won't return) until there's actually
data to be processed.  While blocked waiting for serial data, your
program won't be using up any CPU time.

Your for loop with breaks looks odd2.  Can you explain what it's
suposed to be doing?  You seem to be using the for loop to iterate
through the characters in each input line, but then breaking out of
the loop the first time you see either a '1' or '2' in each line.  Is
that what you intended?

-- 
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  at   BUDAPEST NATIONAL ANTHEM!!
  gmail.com
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Re: Concatenate string list to number list to form title - Logic needed.

[Terry Reedy]

On 12/16/2013 12:43 PM, Mark Lawrence wrote:

On 16/12/2013 17:16, Ravi Prabakaran wrote:

Hi,
I'm completely new to python. I just need simple logic to get output
without any loops.
I have list of string


The remainder of your description and example imply that this must be a 
sequence of exactly two strings. In other words, 'list' is both too 
specific as to class and not specific enough as to length.


>> and list of list of numbers.

While this must be an iterable of sequences of exactly 4 numbers.


Each string should be concatenated with every third and fourth values
to generate proper titles in list of strings.

t = ['Start','End']
a = [[1,2,3,4],
  [5,6,7,8]]

Expected Result : ( list of strings )

['Start - 3 , End - 4',
  'Start - 7 , End - 8']

Note : First 2 values from each list should be ignored.

Could anyone please guide me with best solution without loops ?


If the length of the iterable of sequences is not fixed, a loop of some 
sort is needed.



I've no idea what your definition of "best" is but this works.

strings = ['{} - {} , {} - {}'.format(t[0], b[-2], t[1], b[-1]) for b in a]


Very nice. The following use the format mini language to do the 
indexing, avoiding passing the args twice each.


strings = ['{0[0]} - {1[2]} , {0[1]} - {1[3]}'.format(t, b) for b in a]

form = '{src[0]} - {val[2]} , {src[1]} - {val[3]}'
strings = [form.format(src=t, val=b) for b in a]

The first should be faster, but may be less readable. Note that '-2' and 
'-1' do not work as int indexes in the field names because they would be 
interpreted as string keys rather than integers.


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Re: Question Re urllib (Resolved)

[Jeff James]

This worked perfectly.   Thank You


Where, exactly in the script would I place the " print str(e)  " ?

The line after the print site + " is down" line.



Original Post :



I'm not really receiving an "exception" other than those three sites, out
of the 30 or so I have listed, are the only sites which show "is down" at
the end of that line specifying the site.

Where " # " has been substituted for our domain name

https://my..com/intranet.html
* is
down*
http://#.main..com/psso/pssignsso.asp?dbname=FSPRD90
* is down*
http://sharepoint..com/regions/west/PHX_NSC/default.aspx
* is down*




> So I'm using the following script to check our sites to make sure they are
> all up and some of them are reporting they are "down" when, in fact, they
> are actually up.   These sites do not require a logon in order for the
home
> page to come up.  Could this be due to some port being blocked internally
?
> Only one of the sites reporting as down is "https" but all are internal
> sites.  Is there some other component I should be including in the script
?
> There are about 30 or 40 sites that I have listed in all.  I just use
those
> in the following script as examples.   Thanks
>
> import urllib
>
> sites = ["http://www.amazon.com/";, "https://internalsite.com/intranet.html
",
> etc.]
>
> for site in sites:
> try:
> urllib.urlopen(site)
> print site + " "
> except Exception, e:
> print site + " is down"

In the handler print out the exception you are getting.
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Re: New to Python, Help to get script working?

[Mark]

I am sorry if the way I posted messages was incorrect. Like I said, I am new to 
google groups and python quite a bit but i am trying to do things correctly by 
you guys. The errors that I am getting were not necessarily posting traceback 
messages.

In those messages I posted my last bit of confusion, how to properly run the 
program while meeting the arguments. Thanks Frank for giving me a little hint 
at that. 

Now in that directory in cmd, i type in python twitch.py 10 10. When i do this 
I get "thread error" posting infinitely down my stream. So it looks like the 
program is actually running now, just some im possibly missing? Once again I do 
have pip and livestreamer installed and the exact py file i have is located 
here:
http://www.mediafire.com/view/3m10s9rwvatxd96/twitch.py

Once again thanks for help,

Mark
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Re: Experiences/guidance on teaching Python as a first programming language

[Wolfgang Keller]

> > And ever after that experience, I avoided all languages that were
> > even remotely similar to C, such as C++, Java, C#, Javascript, PHP
> > etc.
> 
> I think that's disappointing, for two reasons. Firstly, C syntax isn't
> that terrible.

It's not just the abysmally appalling, hideously horrifying syntax. At
about everything about C is just *not* "made for human beings" imho.

It's just an un-language that gets at about everything wrong. Sort of
like Microsoft's products.

Sincerely,

Wolfgang

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Re: Question RE urllib

[John Gordon]

In  Jeff James 
 writes:

> --f46d04479f936227ee04edac31bd
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

> Sorry to be a pain here, guys, as I'm also a newbie at this as well.

> Where, exactly in the script would I place the " print str(e)  " ?

except Exception, e:
print site + " is down"
print str(e)

-- 
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Re: [newbie] trying socket as a replacement for nc

[Jean Dubois]

Op maandag 16 december 2013 20:21:15 UTC+1 schreef Jean-Michel Pichavant:
> - Original Message -
> > On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 5:26 AM, Jean Dubois
> >  wrote:
> > >> Try something simple first:
> > >> import telnetlib
> > >> host = '10.128.59.63'
> > >> port = 7000
> > >> t = Telnet(host, port)
> > >> def flush()
> > >>   t.read_very_eager()
> > >> def sendCmd(cmd)
> > >>   t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
> > >>   return flush()
> > >> flush()
> > >> print sendCmd('*IDN?')
> > >> print sendCmd('*OPC?')
> > > Still no success:
> > > jean@mantec:~$ ./test.py
> > >   File "./test.py", line 7
> > > def flush()
> > >   ^
> > > SyntaxError: invalid syntax
> > >
> > >
> > > Tried it both with python2 and python3, same error...
> > 
> > Folks, the OP isn't an expert. Please test your scripts before
> > posting!
> > 
> > I don't have everything I need to test this fully, but here's a
> > variant of the above that's at least syntactically correct:
> > 
> > from telnetlib import *
> > host = '10.128.59.63'
> > port = 7000
> > t = Telnet(host, port)
> > def flush():
> >   t.read_very_eager()
> > def sendCmd(cmd):
> >   t.write('%s\n' % cmd)
> >   return flush()
> > flush()
> > print sendCmd('*IDN?')
> > print sendCmd('*OPC?')
> > 
> > It's written for Python 2, so use that interpreter.
> > 
> > ChrisA
> It was done on purpose, for educational purpose... :) 
> My bad, however I should point that learning the very basic of a language by 
> implementing a low level equipment remote protocol is rather ambitious.
> By experience I know that you are annoyed by a crapload of nasty details 
> without even caring about the python syntax, including:
>   * LF/CR sequence
>   * Inconsistent  answer pattern, depending on the equipment vendor
>   * broken netcode that can block the remote server
>   * timeouts
>   * poor equipment feedback
> I still wish Jean a great success :)
I'm a newbie in Python programming that is very much true, and contrary to what 
you seem to suggest I did my homework: I succeeded
already in writing a Python-script which communicates directly over rs232 with 
the same device which I now am trying to connect to via a rs232-ethernet 
adapter.
So I thought it would be simply a matter of communicating the same commands as 
I did before.
Here are some parts of my code:
serkeith = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0', 9600, 8, timeout=5, xonxoff=1)
serkeith.write("*RST" + "\n")
#turn off concurrent functions
serkeith.write(":SENS:FUNC:CONC OFF" + "\n")
#current source function
serkeith.write(":SOUR:FUNC CURR" + "\n")
#volt sense function
serkeith.write(":SENS:FUNC 'VOLT:DC'" + "\n")
#105V compliance
#serkeith.write(":SENS:VOLT:PROT 105" + "\n")
compliancestring=':SENS:VOLT:PROT '+str(compliancevalue) + '\n'
serkeith.write(compliancestring)
.
.
keithleymeasurement=serkeith.readline().split(',')

Also I got it working with nc and telnet, I just don't know how to accomplish 
this using python.
Tomorrow I'll look further at some a the more recent suggestions

kind regards,
jean
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Christian Gollwitzer]

Let the flame war begin!
Am 16.12.13 17:10, schrieb Chris Angelico:

Here's the Tcl procedure that I tweaked. This is from gitk; I find the
word diff not all that useful, but a character diff at times is very
useful. I haven't found a way to configure the word diff regex through
gitk's options, so I tweaked it in the source code.

proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
 global blobdifffd diffids env
 global diffinhdr treediffs
 global diffcontext
 global ignorespace
 global worddiff
 global limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
 global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
 global git_version currdiffsubmod
.


> }

I'm a long time Tcl developer who has just picked up Python recently; so 
my view is tinted from the other side.


First off, gitk is a huge unstructured mess. You are not obliged to 
write programs like this in Tcl, at least not today. All these global 
statements give already a hint, that this is a procedural thing. Think 
of Python, where classes are stripped. Tcl has object oriented 
frameworks for years. If you use Snit, e.g., all those globals are not 
needed because they are really instance variables.



First off, everything's done with commands, rather than assignment
("set diffinhdr 0"), which is very shell-style and not very
programming-style.


This is just syntax and purely a matter of taste.


Can live with that, though even shells can use
equals signs for simplicity. Similarly, the shell style of adorning
variable usage feels messy. There are string literals, some of which
contain interpolated variables; there are dollar-sign adorned
variables; and then there are other words. What are the other words?
Are they implicit strings (as they would be in, say, bash)?


Yes, they are, and it doesn't feel strange if you are used to it. Tcl's 
syntax rules are very compact. Tclers see this as an advantage.



Secondly, what does this do?
 if {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"]}

I *think* it means 'if $worddiff is not equal to "Line diff" (this
code is executed for the options "Markup words" and "Color words", but
what's the mc do?


It does command substitution (indeed the brackets [] do) and is one of 
the key concepts of Tcl. mc is probably the command from msgcat which 
translates i18n strings. Complaining about these basic things is like 
complaining about indentation in Python.



This is where, IMO, Python tends to be a lot clearer. It's easy to see
what's an object and what's a method on it, and every bare word is
either a local name or a standard built-in name. I'm sure Tcl's a
great language, but I'd rather not have to drop out of Python into it
if I can help it. :)


Python has some advantages over Tcl. To name a few, references, list 
comprehensions, real classes, clean module support, extensive extensions 
such as matplotlib/scipy. But Tcl also has some strengths.


First off, the syntax is quite flexible, and so things like list 
comprehensions[1] or classes[2] can be implemented in Tcl itself. 
Second, it's great at interactive use because at a command prompt, you 
don't want to type all those () call operators, "quotes" and obey 
indentation just to get a simple loop running. Third, its implementation 
features a few unique things:


* Stubs. Compile a C extension against 8.1 and load it into 8.6. This 
actually works. 8.1 was nearly 15 years ago!


* Safe interpreters. Sometimes requested here for Python, you can create 
a slave interpreter in Tcl that is restricted and cannot do disk I/O, 
has limited execution time etc. You can precisely control which commands 
are passed on to the slave.


* Interpreters in threads. There is no GIL, Tcl interpreters are thread 
safe and more than one can coexist in a process and run concurrently. 
This is accessible from script level through the Threads package.


* Very easy deployment: Starkits/Tclkits bundle an interpreter within a 
single executable. Similar to what pyinstaller does. But in my 
experience, it's much easier to pack all dependencies into a starkit 
than it is with pyinstaller. You can get a rather full-fledged 
interpreter with GUI support into a few megabytes, and I've never seen 
it fail.


Happy flaming,

Christian

[1] http://wiki.tcl.tk/12574
[2] http://wiki.tcl.tk/3963

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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Christian Gollwitzer]

Am 16.12.13 18:04, schrieb Grant Edwards:

On 2013-12-16, Chris Angelico  wrote:

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 3:46 AM, Grant Edwards  wrote:

   * The "everything is a string" view of the world is severly
 limiting if you're not just processing strings.


I wasn't sure if that was the case, from what I was seeing. Are there
any aggregate types at all?


There are arrays with string keys (similar to Python dictionaries).


Aggregate types are indeed a weak point, but still there are lists 
(since ever) and dicts (since 8.5, ~6 years) with value semantics. 
Arrays are distinct from dicts and provide no value semantics, i.e. you 
cannot pass them around. Today these issues are overcome by using dicts 
or some OO framework.


Christian



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Re: Type of an object: ‘obj.__class__’ versus ‘type(obj)’

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 16 Dec 2013 12:51:21 +1100, Ben Finney wrote:

> Howdy all,
> 
> What is the Pythonic way to determine the type of an object? Are there
> multiple valid ways, and when should each be used?

That is an excellent question, I only wish I had an excellent answer to 
give you. Obviously great minds think alike because I was going to ask 
the same question, prompted by this comment from Nick Coghlan on the 
python-dev list:

"...type(obj).__name__ (working with the concrete type, ignoring any
proxying) or obj.__class__.__name__ (which takes proxying into 
account)..."

So there is a difference between them, but I'm not entirely sure what it 
is.


> We have ‘obj.__class__’, an attribute bound to the object's class. Or is
> it? When is that true, and when should we not rely on it?

I think you can rely on it. I don't believe you can delete the __class__ 
attribute from an instance:

py> class X(object):
... pass
...
py> x = X()
py> x.__class__

py> del x.__class__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
TypeError: can't delete __class__ attribute


I think it is fair to consider __class__ to be part of the "object API" 
shared by all objects. I suppose it's possible to create a metaclass 
which does not expose a __class__ attribute, but I would consider that 
broken by design.

Furthermore, you can dynamically set the __class__ of an instance in 
order to dynamically change its type and therefore behaviour (although 
there are restrictions on what you can change it to, and from). Using the 
same x instance as above:

py> class Y(object):
... pass
...
py> x.__class__ = Y
py> type(x)



This is by design, and it allows a very useful form of dynamic behaviour:

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/68429-ring-buffer/


 
> We have ‘type(obj)’, calling the constructor for the ‘type’ type in
> order to get a reference to the type of ‘obj’. Or is it? When is that
> true, and when should we not rely on it?

Are there circumstances where type(obj) and obj.__class__ return 
something different? Based on Nick's comment above, I would have to guess 
the answer must be yes, but I don't know what those circumstances are.


Aside: I'm not sure that it is useful to think of type as the constructor 
in the one-argument form. If you recall, prior to Python 2.2 `type` was a 
regular function which took one argument and returned the argument's type:

[steve@ando ~]$ python1.5
Python 1.5.2 (#1, Aug 27 2012, 09:09:18)  [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 
4.1.2-52)] on linux2
Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam
>>> type



The types returned were very different from the types we know and love 
since the class/type unification of version 2.2:

>>> type(42)

>>> int

>>> type(42)('2')
Traceback (innermost last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
TypeError: call of non-function (type type)


So while it is *technically* correct that type(...) calls the type 
constructor, the one-argument form type(obj) is intended to behave as a 
function, while the three-argument form type(name, bases, namespace) is 
intended to behave as a constructor of types. But I digress.


> Are there other ways to get at the type of a Python object? What reasons
> are there to choose or avoid them?


I am not aware of any other ways.



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[newbie] Saving binaries in a specific way

[Djoser]

Hi all,

I am new to this forum and also to Python, but I'm trying hard to understand it 
 better.
I need to create a binary file, but the first 4 lines must be in 
signed-Integer16 and all the others in signed-Integer32. I have a program that 
does that with Matlab and other with Mathematica, but I'm converting all for 
Python.

I tried first to convert the number to binary using 'bin(number'), than I 
removed the '0b' and converted to 'Int16' or 'Int32', but with this approach I 
can't save a binary file using 'bytearray(').

How can I do that?


Thanks in advance.
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Re: [newbie] Saving binaries in a specific way

[Chris Kaynor]

On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 2:19 PM, Djoser  wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> I am new to this forum and also to Python, but I'm trying hard to
> understand it  better.
> I need to create a binary file, but the first 4 lines must be in
> signed-Integer16 and all the others in signed-Integer32. I have a program
> that does that with Matlab and other with Mathematica, but I'm converting
> all for Python.
>
> I tried first to convert the number to binary using 'bin(number'), than I
> removed the '0b' and converted to 'Int16' or 'Int32', but with this
> approach I can't save a binary file using 'bytearray(')



How can I do that?
>


What you probably want is to use the struct module:
http://docs.python.org/3/library/struct.html

You probably also want the open method and file objects:
http://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open

It would help if you provided information about which Python version you
are using, and exactly what you mean by "I can't save a binary file using
'bytearray(')". Do you get a traceback, if so, copy it in your message,
along with actual code that produces your problem (preferably simplified,
but not too far).
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Re: Packaging a private project

[Oscar Benjamin]

On Dec 16, 2013 11:20 AM, "Nicholas Cole"  wrote:
>
> Dear List,
>
> What is the best way to distribute a private, pure python, Python 3
> project that needs several modules (some available on pypi but some
> private and used by several separate projects) in order to run?
>
> I'd like to include everything that my project needs to run in a
> single package.  The best way to do this seems to be to be to create
> symlinks to the source code of the "3rd party" modules I need and
> create a setup.py file that includes them in its "packages" list.  Is
> this what other people do?
>
> But even more ideally, I'd like to package my script and its
> dependencies in a single zip file that can be executed by python
> directly.  I see several declarations that this is possible online,
> but I can't find a simple recipe for converting a script and its
> dependencies into this kind of distribution. Could someone give me a
> pointer to a description of "the right way to do it".

For pure python code it's as simple as putting the code in a zip file with
a script called __main__.py. Then you can run the zip file with python as
if it was a python script.

Oscar
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Re: [newbie] Saving binaries in a specific way

[Djoser]

I'm using python 2.7.
If I understood correctly, using bytearray I will lost the information about 
the signed 16, 32, since it makes automatically the conversion.

Do you think that I can make the conversion as I proposed before or using 
struct and save with open()? 
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 9:06 AM, Christian Gollwitzer  wrote:
> Let the flame war begin!

I'll try to avoid flamage :)

> First off, gitk is a huge unstructured mess. You are not obliged to write
> programs like this in Tcl, at least not today. All these global statements
> give already a hint, that this is a procedural thing. Think of Python, where
> classes are stripped. Tcl has object oriented frameworks for years. If you
> use Snit, e.g., all those globals are not needed because they are really
> instance variables.

Ah, okay. Don't take gitk as representative. Got it. Unfortunately
there are quite a few languages that I've experienced from, really,
only one program that I've tried to modify (Scheme almost falls in
that category too - all I've ever used it for is LilyPond scripting,
and not much of that), and I'm aware that's not really a fair look at
the language.

>> First off, everything's done with commands, rather than assignment
>> ("set diffinhdr 0"), which is very shell-style and not very
>> programming-style.
>
> This is just syntax and purely a matter of taste.

Yeah. Like I said,

>> Can live with that

. But my rule of thumb with bash scripts is: If it exceeds a page or
two in length, it's probably time it got rewritten in an application
language. When a program is the size of gitk (>10KLOC), the benefits
relating to interactive use (as you mention below) become less
significant, and benefits relating to discoverability of the more
obscure features become more significant.

> It does command substitution (indeed the brackets [] do) and is one of the
> key concepts of Tcl. mc is probably the command from msgcat which translates
> i18n strings. Complaining about these basic things is like complaining about
> indentation in Python.

Okay. Now, how am I to figure out where this command comes from? It's
not a host command (typing "mc" at the bash prompt comes up failure),
and it's not defined in the script itself (at least, I can't find
"proc mc" anywhere); is it a Tcl built-in? Where do I start looking?

(Yes, I'm aware this is a problem in any language. I'm not now raising
a point in the Python vs Tcl debate, I'm just asking out of
curiosity.)

> Tcl also has some strengths.
>
> First off, the syntax is quite flexible, and so things like list
> comprehensions[1] or classes[2] can be implemented in Tcl itself. Second,
> it's great at interactive use because at a command prompt, you don't want to
> type all those () call operators, "quotes" and obey indentation just to get
> a simple loop running. Third, its implementation features a few unique
> things:

Yeah, that's nice for the interactive interpreter... but I already
have bash for that, and Python's not far off. I've used interactive
Pike and REXX interpreters, which are both more demanding than Python
(in terms of syntax requirements and such), so I'm perfectly happy
with Python; but if you're used to something even lighter, then sure,
use something that lets you type almost nothing. No problem. I just
think that - as mentioned above - a ten thousand line program should
be aiming more at maintainability than ease of manual typing.

> * Safe interpreters. Sometimes requested here for Python, you can create a
> slave interpreter in Tcl that is restricted and cannot do disk I/O, has
> limited execution time etc. You can precisely control which commands are
> passed on to the slave.

Cool. Not enough for me to choose the language unless I really REALLY
needed that feature, but there was one time in my programming career
when that was true, so we'll count that a win.

> * Interpreters in threads. There is no GIL, Tcl interpreters are thread safe
> and more than one can coexist in a process and run concurrently. This is
> accessible from script level through the Threads package.

Nice, though Python's threading and/or multiprocessing can do 90% of
what people want. Side point: What about Tk? Can you (a) run separate
GUI threads for separate windows? (b) manipulate widgets created by
another thread?

> * Very easy deployment: Starkits/Tclkits bundle an interpreter within a
> single executable. Similar to what pyinstaller does. But in my experience,
> it's much easier to pack all dependencies into a starkit than it is with
> pyinstaller. You can get a rather full-fledged interpreter with GUI support
> into a few megabytes, and I've never seen it fail.

Never really needed this, but for the people who do, I'm sure that's a
fairly big deal.

So there definitely are some advantages that Tcl has over Python. Put
against them is a superior object model, a large corpus of first-class
object types (dict, set, list, etc[1]), and a syntax that more clearly
differentiates names and strings without making variable references
look like a lot more than they are.

Huge room in the world for both languages to exist and thrive.

ChrisA

[1] What is an etc() in Python?
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Gregory Ewing]

Grant Edwards wrote:

On 2013-12-16, Chris Angelico  wrote:


Are there
any aggregate types at all?


There are arrays with string keys (similar to Python dictionaries).


Well... sort of. They can only hold strings, not other arrays.
They're not first-class entities: you can't pass them around
or keep them in local variables; they're always global. (And
there are no modules, so global is *truly* global.)

In short, they're a very poor substitute for having real data
structures.

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Re: [newbie] Saving binaries in a specific way

[Tim Chase]

On 2013-12-16 14:19, Djoser wrote:
> I am new to this forum and also to Python, but I'm trying hard to
> understand it  better.

Welcome aboard!

> I need to create a binary file, but the first 4 lines must be in
> signed-Integer16 and all the others in signed-Integer32. I have a
> program that does that with Matlab and other with Mathematica, but
> I'm converting all for Python.

You seem to be conflating ideas here:  a binary file doesn't really
have "lines".  Do you mean "first 4 bytes"?  If so, then a
signed-Integer16 really only occupies 2 bytes, so you'd have to pad
it somehow.  That said, I suspect that the "struct" module will get
you what you want:

  from struct import pack
  header16bit = 31415
  data = list(range(10))
  with open('output.bin', 'wb') as f:
f.write(pack('h', header16bit))
for signed_32bit_number in data:
  f.write(pack('i', signed_32bit_number))
f.write(other_stuff)

You might need to specify the byte-ordering, which you can do by
prefixing the "h" or "i" with ">", "<" or "=" s documented at [1]

-tkc

[1]
http://www.python.org/doc//current/library/struct.html





.
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Re: min max from tuples in list

[Gregory Ewing]

Ned Batchelder wrote:

On 12/16/13 10:49 AM, rusi wrote:


And things that have consistency are of course...

consistant

(not consistent)


In English, it's spelled consistent: 
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consistant


So to be consistent we should spell it performent? :-)

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Re: Experiences/guidance on teaching Python as a first programming language

[Rhodri James]

On Mon, 16 Dec 2013 20:32:25 -, Wolfgang Keller   
wrote:



> And ever after that experience, I avoided all languages that were
> even remotely similar to C, such as C++, Java, C#, Javascript, PHP
> etc.

I think that's disappointing, for two reasons. Firstly, C syntax isn't
that terrible.


It's not just the abysmally appalling, hideously horrifying syntax. At
about everything about C is just *not* "made for human beings" imho.


It's an excellent macro assembler, so of course it's not made for human  
beings.  Unfortunately the software development took one look at it and  
exclaimed, "It's a hammer, all our problems must be nails!"  And the rest  
is C++.


--
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Re: [newbie] Saving binaries in a specific way

[Djoser]

Basically I have a .dat file, so I get some numbers and make a different 
conversion.
I'll try this struct script. I'm not used to it, but it seems to do what I want.
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Re: Determining whether a glyph is available in Tkinter

[wmcbrine]

I'm not going to control the font. This is for a program that's distributed to 
the general public, for use on a wide variety of systems. But what I do in the 
current version is to use the ASCII label strings by default, and have a 
command-line option to select the "graphical" (non-ASCII Unicode) labels. What 
I want is to make the graphical labels the default, and have the program 
detect, at runtime, whether any of the glyphs used in the fancy labels would 
render as "\u" in whatever the default font for the buttons is, and 
automatically revert to the ASCII labels in that case.

I'm assuming this is possible, because Tkinter itself seems to know which 
glyphs are unavailable, or they'd probably be showing up as those boxed number 
characters or question marks instead of "\u".
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Re: GUI:-please answer want to learn GUI programming in python , how should i proceed.

[Terry Reedy]

On 12/16/2013 5:40 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:


Nice, though Python's threading and/or multiprocessing can do 90% of
what people want. Side point: What about Tk? Can you (a) run separate
GUI threads for separate windows? (b) manipulate widgets created by
another thread?


When running tk via tkinter, limiting tkinter/tk calls to the main 
thread is the safest thing to do. I do not know whether the problems 
people have had doing otherwise are due to Python or inherent in tk itself.


--
Terry Jan Reedy

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