sb:
> Our point of view is plain: are we dealing with "proper" e-mail servers?

Good question.

> Our emphasis, therefore, is on the DNS, to identify the sender and
> its MX RR, because it is the de-facto standard to say "this is
> where I receive e-mail".

For the envelope sender address, the sending IP addresses are covered
by SPF policy. Spammers were among the first to adopt it.

> How else could you tell them apart?

Reputation (DNSXL).

        Wietse

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