Hello Again,
I followed Stuart's recommendations,
in fstab, / has read-write permissions;
also, I mounted /dev as ramdisk, ( I executed "MAKEDEV all" in /dev_src
directory for once)
vertigo# cat /etc/fstab
5e045fec2af2ab03.b none swap sw
5e045fec2af2ab03.a / ffs rw 1 1
5e045fec2af2ab03.e /mydir ffs rw 1 1
5e045fec2af2ab03.d /usr ffs ro,wxallowed,nodev 1 2
swap /dev mfs rw,async,noatime,nosuid,dev,-s32M,-i8,-P/dev_src 0 0
and I'm updating / as readonly in rc.local;
vertigo# cat /etc/rc.local
mount -fur /
Everything is OK right now. However, when I try to run radiusd, I'm getting
"failed to opening /dev/null: permission denied" error.
All configs, and files related with radiusd are in read-write /mydir
directory.
I tried to change the permission for /dev/ as 776 and /dev/null as 777 but
this didn't work.
vertigo# /usr/local/sbin/radiusd -X -d /mydir/etc/raddb
FreeRADIUS Version 3.0.21
Copyright (C) 1999-2019 The FreeRADIUS server project and contributors
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE
You may redistribute copies of FreeRADIUS under the terms of the
GNU General Public License
For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYRIGHT
Starting - reading configuration files ...
including dictionary file /usr/local/share/freeradius/dictionary
including dictionary file /usr/local/share/freeradius/dictionary.dhcp
including dictionary file /usr/local/share/freeradius/dictionary.vqp
including dictionary file /mydir/etc/raddb/dictionary
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/radiusd.conf
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/proxy.conf
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/clients.conf
including files in directory /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/cache_eap
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/chap
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/date
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/digest
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/dynamic_clients
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/eap
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/echo
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/exec
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/expiration
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/expr
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/files
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/linelog
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/logintime
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/mschap
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/ntlm_auth
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/pap
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/passwd
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/preprocess
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/radutmp
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/replicate
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/soh
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/sradutmp
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/unix
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/unpack
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/utf8
including files in directory /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/abfab-tr
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/accounting
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/canonicalization
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/control
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/cui
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/debug
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/dhcp
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/eap
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/filter
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/moonshot-targeted-ids
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/operator-name
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/policy.d/rfc7542
including files in directory /mydir/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/
including configuration file /mydir/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/inner-tunnel
main {
security {
user = "_freeradius"
group = "_freeradius"
allow_core_dumps = no
}
name = "radiusd"
prefix = "/usr/local"
localstatedir = "/mydir/var"
logdir = "/mydir/var/log/radius"
run_dir = "/mydir/var/run/radiusd"
}
main {
name = "radiusd"
prefix = "/usr/local"
localstatedir = "/mydir/var"
sbindir = "/usr/local/sbin"
logdir = "/mydir/var/log/radius"
run_dir = "/mydir/var/run/radiusd"
libdir = "/usr/local/lib/freeradius/freeradius"
radacctdir = "/mydir/var/log/radius/radacct"
hostname_lookups = no
max_request_time = 30
cleanup_delay = 5
max_requests = 16384
pidfile = "/mydir/var/run/radiusd/radiusd.pid"
checkrad = "/usr/local/sbin/checkrad"
debug_level = 0
proxy_requests = yes
log {
stripped_names = no
auth = no
auth_badpass = no
auth_goodpass = no
colourise = yes
msg_denied = "You are already logged in - access denied"
}
resources {
}
security {
max_attributes = 200
reject_delay = 1.000000
status_server = yes
allow_vulnerable_openssl = "no"
}
}
radiusd: #### Loading Realms and Home Servers ####
proxy server {
retry_delay = 5
retry_count = 3
default_fallback = no
dead_time = 120
wake_all_if_all_dead = no
}
home_server localhost {
ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
port = 1812
type = "auth"
secret = <<< secret >>>
response_window = 20.000000
response_timeouts = 1
max_outstanding = 65536
zombie_period = 40
status_check = "status-server"
ping_interval = 30
check_interval = 30
check_timeout = 4
num_answers_to_alive = 3
revive_interval = 120
limit {
max_connections = 16
max_requests = 0
lifetime = 0
idle_timeout = 0
}
coa {
irt = 2
mrt = 16
mrc = 5
mrd = 30
}
}
home_server_pool my_auth_failover {
type = fail-over
home_server = localhost
}
realm example.com {
auth_pool = my_auth_failover
}
realm LOCAL {
}
radiusd: #### Loading Clients ####
client localhost {
ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
require_message_authenticator = no
secret = <<< secret >>>
limit {
max_connections = 16
lifetime = 0
idle_timeout = 30
}
}
Found debugger attached
# Creating Auth-Type = mschap
# Creating Auth-Type = eap
# Creating Auth-Type = PAP
# Creating Auth-Type = CHAP
# Creating Auth-Type = MS-CHAP
radiusd: #### Instantiating modules ####
modules {
# Loaded module rlm_always
# Loading module "reject" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always reject {
rcode = "reject"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "fail" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always fail {
rcode = "fail"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "ok" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always ok {
rcode = "ok"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "handled" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always handled {
rcode = "handled"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "invalid" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always invalid {
rcode = "invalid"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "userlock" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always userlock {
rcode = "userlock"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "notfound" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always notfound {
rcode = "notfound"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "noop" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always noop {
rcode = "noop"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loading module "updated" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
always updated {
rcode = "updated"
simulcount = 0
mpp = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_attr_filter
# Loading module "attr_filter.post-proxy" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.post-proxy {
filename = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/post-proxy"
key = "%{Realm}"
relaxed = no
}
# Loading module "attr_filter.pre-proxy" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.pre-proxy {
filename = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/pre-proxy"
key = "%{Realm}"
relaxed = no
}
# Loading module "attr_filter.access_reject" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.access_reject {
filename = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/access_reject"
key = "%{User-Name}"
relaxed = no
}
# Loading module "attr_filter.access_challenge" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.access_challenge {
filename =
"/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/access_challenge"
key = "%{User-Name}"
relaxed = no
}
# Loading module "attr_filter.accounting_response" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.accounting_response {
filename =
"/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/accounting_response"
key = "%{User-Name}"
relaxed = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_cache
# Loading module "cache_eap" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/cache_eap
cache cache_eap {
driver = "rlm_cache_rbtree"
key = "%{%{control:State}:-%{%{reply:State}:-%{State}}}"
ttl = 15
max_entries = 0
epoch = 0
add_stats = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_chap
# Loading module "chap" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/chap
# Loaded module rlm_date
# Loading module "date" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/date
date {
format = "%b %e %Y %H:%M:%S %Z"
utc = no
}
# Loading module "wispr2date" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/date
date wispr2date {
format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"
utc = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_detail
# Loading module "detail" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail
detail {
filename =
"/mydir/var/log/radius/radacct/%{%{Packet-Src-IP-Address}:-%{Packet-Src-IPv6-Address}}/detail-%Y%m%d"
header = "%t"
permissions = 384
locking = no
escape_filenames = no
log_packet_header = no
}
# Loading module "auth_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
detail auth_log {
filename =
"/mydir/var/log/radius/radacct/%{%{Packet-Src-IP-Address}:-%{Packet-Src-IPv6-Address}}/auth-detail-%Y%m%d"
header = "%t"
permissions = 384
locking = no
escape_filenames = no
log_packet_header = no
}
# Loading module "reply_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
detail reply_log {
filename =
"/mydir/var/log/radius/radacct/%{%{Packet-Src-IP-Address}:-%{Packet-Src-IPv6-Address}}/reply-detail-%Y%m%d"
header = "%t"
permissions = 384
locking = no
escape_filenames = no
log_packet_header = no
}
# Loading module "pre_proxy_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
detail pre_proxy_log {
filename =
"/mydir/var/log/radius/radacct/%{%{Packet-Src-IP-Address}:-%{Packet-Src-IPv6-Address}}/pre-proxy-detail-%Y%m%d"
header = "%t"
permissions = 384
locking = no
escape_filenames = no
log_packet_header = no
}
# Loading module "post_proxy_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
detail post_proxy_log {
filename =
"/mydir/var/log/radius/radacct/%{%{Packet-Src-IP-Address}:-%{Packet-Src-IPv6-Address}}/post-proxy-detail-%Y%m%d"
header = "%t"
permissions = 384
locking = no
escape_filenames = no
log_packet_header = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_digest
# Loading module "digest" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/digest
# Loaded module rlm_dynamic_clients
# Loading module "dynamic_clients" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/dynamic_clients
# Loaded module rlm_eap
# Loading module "eap" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/eap
eap {
default_eap_type = "md5"
timer_expire = 60
ignore_unknown_eap_types = no
cisco_accounting_username_bug = no
max_sessions = 16384
}
# Loaded module rlm_exec
# Loading module "echo" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/echo
exec echo {
wait = yes
program = "/bin/echo %{User-Name}"
input_pairs = "request"
output_pairs = "reply"
shell_escape = yes
}
# Loading module "exec" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/exec
exec {
wait = no
input_pairs = "request"
shell_escape = yes
timeout = 10
}
# Loaded module rlm_expiration
# Loading module "expiration" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/expiration
# Loaded module rlm_expr
# Loading module "expr" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/expr
expr {
safe_characters =
"@abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.-_:
/äéöüàâæçèéêëîïôœùûüaÿÄÉÖÜßÀÂÆÇÈÉÊËÎÏÔŒÙÛÜŸ"
}
# Loaded module rlm_files
# Loading module "files" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/files
files {
filename = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/files/authorize"
acctusersfile = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/files/accounting"
preproxy_usersfile = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/files/pre-proxy"
}
# Loaded module rlm_linelog
# Loading module "linelog" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/linelog
linelog {
filename = "/mydir/var/log/radius/linelog"
escape_filenames = no
syslog_severity = "info"
permissions = 384
format = "This is a log message for %{User-Name}"
reference = "messages.%{%{reply:Packet-Type}:-default}"
}
# Loading module "log_accounting" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/linelog
linelog log_accounting {
filename = "/mydir/var/log/radius/linelog-accounting"
escape_filenames = no
syslog_severity = "info"
permissions = 384
format = ""
reference = "Accounting-Request.%{%{Acct-Status-Type}:-unknown}"
}
# Loaded module rlm_logintime
# Loading module "logintime" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/logintime
logintime {
minimum_timeout = 60
}
# Loaded module rlm_mschap
# Loading module "mschap" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/mschap
mschap {
use_mppe = yes
require_encryption = no
require_strong = no
with_ntdomain_hack = yes
passchange {
}
allow_retry = yes
winbind_retry_with_normalised_username = no
}
# Loading module "ntlm_auth" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/ntlm_auth
exec ntlm_auth {
wait = yes
program = "/path/to/ntlm_auth --request-nt-key --domain=MYDOMAIN
--username=%{mschap:User-Name} --password=%{User-Password}"
shell_escape = yes
}
# Loaded module rlm_pap
# Loading module "pap" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/pap
pap {
normalise = yes
}
# Loaded module rlm_passwd
# Loading module "etc_passwd" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/passwd
passwd etc_passwd {
filename = "/etc/passwd"
format = "*User-Name:Crypt-Password:"
delimiter = ":"
ignore_nislike = no
ignore_empty = yes
allow_multiple_keys = no
hash_size = 100
}
# Loaded module rlm_preprocess
# Loading module "preprocess" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/preprocess
preprocess {
huntgroups = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/preprocess/huntgroups"
hints = "/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/preprocess/hints"
with_ascend_hack = no
ascend_channels_per_line = 23
with_ntdomain_hack = no
with_specialix_jetstream_hack = no
with_cisco_vsa_hack = no
with_alvarion_vsa_hack = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_radutmp
# Loading module "radutmp" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/radutmp
radutmp {
filename = "/mydir/var/log/radius/radutmp"
username = "%{User-Name}"
case_sensitive = yes
check_with_nas = yes
permissions = 384
caller_id = yes
}
# Loaded module rlm_realm
# Loading module "IPASS" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
realm IPASS {
format = "prefix"
delimiter = "/"
ignore_default = no
ignore_null = no
}
# Loading module "suffix" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
realm suffix {
format = "suffix"
delimiter = "@"
ignore_default = no
ignore_null = no
}
# Loading module "bangpath" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
realm bangpath {
format = "prefix"
delimiter = "!"
ignore_default = no
ignore_null = no
}
# Loading module "realmpercent" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
realm realmpercent {
format = "suffix"
delimiter = "%"
ignore_default = no
ignore_null = no
}
# Loading module "ntdomain" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
realm ntdomain {
format = "prefix"
delimiter = "\\"
ignore_default = no
ignore_null = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_replicate
# Loading module "replicate" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/replicate
# Loaded module rlm_soh
# Loading module "soh" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/soh
soh {
dhcp = yes
}
# Loading module "sradutmp" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/sradutmp
radutmp sradutmp {
filename = "/mydir/var/log/radius/sradutmp"
username = "%{User-Name}"
case_sensitive = yes
check_with_nas = yes
permissions = 420
caller_id = no
}
# Loaded module rlm_unix
# Loading module "unix" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/unix
unix {
radwtmp = "/mydir/var/log/radius/radwtmp"
}
Creating attribute Unix-Group
# Loaded module rlm_unpack
# Loading module "unpack" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/unpack
# Loaded module rlm_utf8
# Loading module "utf8" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/utf8
instantiate {
}
# Instantiating module "reject" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "fail" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "ok" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "handled" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "invalid" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "userlock" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "notfound" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "noop" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "updated" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/always
# Instantiating module "attr_filter.post-proxy" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/post-proxy
# Instantiating module "attr_filter.pre-proxy" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/pre-proxy
# Instantiating module "attr_filter.access_reject" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/access_reject
# Instantiating module "attr_filter.access_challenge" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
reading pairlist file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/access_challenge
# Instantiating module "attr_filter.accounting_response" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/attr_filter
reading pairlist file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/attr_filter/accounting_response
# Instantiating module "cache_eap" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/cache_eap
rlm_cache (cache_eap): Driver rlm_cache_rbtree (module rlm_cache_rbtree)
loaded and linked
# Instantiating module "detail" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail
# Instantiating module "auth_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
rlm_detail (auth_log): 'User-Password' suppressed, will not appear in
detail output
# Instantiating module "reply_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
# Instantiating module "pre_proxy_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
# Instantiating module "post_proxy_log" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/detail.log
# Instantiating module "eap" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/eap
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_md5
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_leap
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_gtc
gtc {
challenge = "Password: "
auth_type = "PAP"
}
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_tls
tls {
tls = "tls-common"
}
tls-config tls-common {
verify_depth = 0
ca_path = "/mydir/etc/raddb/certs"
pem_file_type = yes
private_key_file = "/mydir/etc/raddb/certs/server.pem"
certificate_file = "/mydir/etc/raddb/certs/server.pem"
ca_file = "/mydir/etc/raddb/certs/ca.pem"
private_key_password = <<< secret >>>
dh_file = "/mydir/etc/raddb/certs/dh"
fragment_size = 1024
include_length = yes
auto_chain = yes
check_crl = no
check_all_crl = no
cipher_list = "DEFAULT"
cipher_server_preference = no
ecdh_curve = "prime256v1"
disable_tlsv1 = yes
disable_tlsv1_1 = yes
tls_max_version = "1.2"
tls_min_version = "1.2"
cache {
enable = no
lifetime = 24
max_entries = 255
}
verify {
skip_if_ocsp_ok = no
}
ocsp {
enable = no
override_cert_url = yes
url = "http://127.0.0.1/ocsp/";
use_nonce = yes
timeout = 0
softfail = no
}
}
Please use tls_min_version and tls_max_version instead of disable_tlsv1
Please use tls_min_version and tls_max_version instead of disable_tlsv1_2
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_ttls
ttls {
tls = "tls-common"
default_eap_type = "md5"
copy_request_to_tunnel = no
use_tunneled_reply = no
virtual_server = "inner-tunnel"
include_length = yes
require_client_cert = no
}
tls: Using cached TLS configuration from previous invocation
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_peap
peap {
tls = "tls-common"
default_eap_type = "mschapv2"
copy_request_to_tunnel = no
use_tunneled_reply = no
proxy_tunneled_request_as_eap = yes
virtual_server = "inner-tunnel"
soh = no
require_client_cert = no
}
tls: Using cached TLS configuration from previous invocation
# Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_mschapv2
mschapv2 {
with_ntdomain_hack = no
send_error = no
}
# Instantiating module "expiration" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/expiration
# Instantiating module "files" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/files
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/files/authorize
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/files/accounting
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/files/pre-proxy
# Instantiating module "linelog" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/linelog
# Instantiating module "log_accounting" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/linelog
# Instantiating module "logintime" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/logintime
# Instantiating module "mschap" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/mschap
rlm_mschap (mschap): using internal authentication
# Instantiating module "pap" from file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/pap
# Instantiating module "etc_passwd" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/passwd
rlm_passwd: nfields: 3 keyfield 0(User-Name) listable: no
# Instantiating module "preprocess" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/preprocess
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/preprocess/huntgroups
reading pairlist file /mydir/etc/raddb/mods-config/preprocess/hints
# Instantiating module "IPASS" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
# Instantiating module "suffix" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
# Instantiating module "bangpath" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
# Instantiating module "realmpercent" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
# Instantiating module "ntdomain" from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/realm
} # modules
radiusd: #### Loading Virtual Servers ####
server { # from file /mydir/etc/raddb/radiusd.conf
} # server
server inner-tunnel { # from file
/mydir/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/inner-tunnel
# Loading authenticate {...}
# Loading authorize {...}
# Loading session {...}
# Loading post-proxy {...}
# Loading post-auth {...}
} # server inner-tunnel
Error opening /dev/null: Permission denied
On Sat, 27 Jun 2020 at 23:59, gwes <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> On 6/27/20 10:57 AM, Stuart Henderson wrote:
> > On 2020-06-26, Marko Cupać <[email protected]> wrote:
> >>>> On 2020-06-24, Aaron Mason <[email protected]> wrote:
> >>>> Auto filesystem repair is bad juju.
> >>> On 2020-06-25 11:17, Stuart Henderson wrote:
> >>> Nonsense. For many, the possible downsides of automatically running
> >>> fsck -y are much less a problem than the downsides of *not* running it.
> >> Some time ago I wrote here on misc@ about read-only setup, where I
> >> intended to modify rc(8) in order to be able to relink kernel before
> >> mounting filesystems read-only, and - if I remember correctly - I was
> >> warned never to modify rc(8) directly as it's considered as part of base
> >> system, and I should only affect it with rc.local, which I did.
> >>
> >> Is there a way to run fsck -y automatically without modifying rc(8)? Is
> >> modifying rc(8) now supported?
> > No, you still need to modify rc to do that, so you need to remember to
> > reinstate it after updating. It would be nice if that wasn't needed but
> > diffs to make it configurable have never been approved.
> >
> >
> 20 years or so I worked on a network appliance based on FreeBSD.
> It was required to come up after power failures no matter what.
> We thought that this was the simplest way to harden the
> system enough for our requirements:
>
> We separated the boot environment from the runtime environment.
>
> The initial root filesystem was never writable except during updates.
> It was populated with the absolute minimumnecessary for
> the system to come up capable of calling home.
>
> During the transition to normal operation filesystems
> containing the usual files were mounted over it
> making it invisible and inaccessible.
>
> The runtime filesystems could fail fsck during boot and the system could
> be remotely repaired.
> They could be refreshed via newfs and tarballs during boot if desired.
>
> best,
> Geoff Steckel
>
>
>
>
