Michael Wise <michael.w...@microsoft.com> wrote:
>
> So is the FORMERR ... just the resolver noting that EDNS is not supported?
>
> If so, I'm uncertain of the issue.

There has been some discussion of this problem on the bind-users list, see
https://lists.isc.org/pipermail/bind-users/2016-May/thread.html

The problems seem to be:

(1) Very short TTL on the NS records, which means that most attempts to
resolve the names have to go through iterative name server discovery.

(2) Only two NS records, but each server has a large number of IP
addresses, and the sets of IP addresses overlap.

(3) Lack of EDNS support means more work has to be done by a resolver each
time the TTL expires.

The way to fix this would be to increase the stability of the name server
records - the NS records and associated address records. Give them
decently long TTLs, have a few more NS records, with few non-overlapping
IP addresses each.

Add support for EDNS to your server - you don't need to support any
special EDNS features (no need for large packets), just handle OPT
records, so that resolvers don't have to do error recovery.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <d...@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/  -  I xn--zr8h punycode
Irish Sea: South 4 or 5 becoming variable 3 or 4. Slight or moderate.
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