Hi Ryan,

Ryan Mann wrote:

> I don't understand.  Why can't you just type something like 4x=20  
> into a word document?  That is, unless this isn't what you mean by  
> an equation.
>

The answer is that most professional mathematicians, physicists, or  
(in some disciplines) engineers have to use equations that have  
special symbols for integral signs, limits, series expansions, Greek  
letters, etc. and that these can be embedded several levels deep in  
both numerator and denominator.   These expressions are a nightmare to  
enter properly into a word document with correct placement.

The original TeX programming language was developed by the computer  
scientist, Donald Knuth, as a way of getting around the extremely high  
price of publishing mathematical textbooks due to its special type- 
setting needs and also to get around the often poor final production  
results.  In developing TeX Knuth studied typeface design and devised  
algorithms for optimal placement, spacing, and justification of text  
for any given font type.

In most word-processing packages (including Word documents), not only  
is it nearly impossible to correctly generate some complex equations,  
but once you have managed to do so the results are even harder to  
correctly insert within the document.  Usually, sighted users have to  
try, look at the incorrect results, and then figure out some way to  
fudge up the correct placement and spacing.  TeX will correctly  
compute, place, and even break up multi-line equations automatically.   
It will also, incidentally, handle optimal spacing, alignment, etc.  
for all regular (i.e., not technical) documents, so you can publish  
entire books originally produced in TeX. In the physical sciences,  
many professional journals use TeX as the default submission format,  
since it is freely available and works cross-platform.

At what was originally the Los Alamos preprint site (and what has now  
become ArXiv, with several sites across the world) for the electronic  
distribution of scientific work by physicists, mathematicians,  
computer scientists, and others, well over 99 per cent of the  
submissions are in TeX format -- even for papers without equations.   
The fact  that TeX does an excellent job in outputting all  
international languages including those that do not use alphabetic  
characters also adds to its popularity.

The main drawback is that it has a steep initial learning curve, and  
is probably overkill for what most people need to do in word  
processing.  However, it is extremely convenient to be able to change  
the entire layout of your paper simply by changing a one-word argument  
for the style file you are using. (And by change, I mean formatting  
far beyond what Word supports --- not just line spacing and fonts, but  
how sections and sub-sections are numbered and formatted, their  
indentations conventions, etc.  Or in bibliography mode, whether the  
entries are listed in the order they are cited or alphabetically, and  
with which citation style.)

HTH.  Dónal or Nicolai might want to add comments.

Cheers,

Esther



> On Dec 4, 2009, at 7:31 AM, Donal Fitzpatrick wrote:
>
>> No bother Nick.  Have to say that I wholeheartedly approve of that  
>> requirement...  If you've never tried to insert equations into a  
>> word doc, be very grateful.  That kind of experience should be  
>> reserved for the truly masochistic. *smile*
>>
>> Cheers
>>
>> Donal
>> On 4 Dec 2009, at 12:11, Nicolai Svendsen wrote:
>>
>>> Hi Donal,
>>>
>>> I definitely will. Thanks a lot for the tips, and great someone  
>>> knows about this. It's a requirement in my country for  
>>> mathematical studies. I'll definitely throw some questions your way.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>> Nic
>>> Skype: Kvalme
>>> MSN Messenger: nico...@home3.gvdnet.dk
>>> AIM: cincinster
>>> yahoo Messenger: cin368
>>> Facebook Profile
>>> My Twitter
>>>
>>> On Dec 4, 2009, at 1:09 PM, Nicolai Svendsen wrote:
>>>
>>>>    Yep I find TeXshop fine.  I use it to prepare academic papers  
>>>> and lectures.  Another useful utility by the way is the BibDesc  
>>>> one.  It's a very very useful tool for organising bibliographies.
>>>>
>>>> As you're learning LaTeX, feel free to contact me off list if any  
>>>> questions arise.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers
>>>>
>>>> Donal
>>>> On 4 Dec 2009, at 12:02, Nicolai Svendsen wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hi,
>>>>>
>>>>> Hmm. Yeah, I heard of TeXShop. I've always spelt it LaTEX, with  
>>>>> L capitalized, including TEX but not the a. It didn't seem to  
>>>>> matter much how I w typed it, though. But thanks for the  
>>>>> recommendation. I assume TeXShop is accessible, then.
>>>>>
>>>>> Regards,
>>>>> Nic
>>>>> Skype: Kvalme
>>>>> MSN Messenger: nico...@home3.gvdnet.dk
>>>>> AIM: cincinster
>>>>> yahoo Messenger: cin368
>>>>> Facebook Profile
>>>>> My Twitter
>>>>>
>>>>> On Dec 4, 2009, at 12:58 PM, Donal Fitzpatrick wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hi Nick,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I use TeXShop.  By the way, know what you mean about the  
>>>>>> dangers of googling this...  To improve your hits, spell it "L  
>>>>>> Aa T e X"  (that is, the L, T and X capitalised).
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Donal
>>>>>> On 4 Dec 2009, at 11:54, Nicolai Svendsen wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hi guys,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I'm currently learning LaTEX, and I've been looking for a  
>>>>>>> Macintosh interpreter. Can anyone help with this? Google  
>>>>>>> interestingly leads me to Latex rubber and fetish sites. It's  
>>>>>>> kind of creepy. I figured I'd just stop Googling.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Regards,
>>>>>>> Nic
>>>>>>> Skype: Kvalme
>>>>>>> MSN Messenger: nico...@home3.gvdnet.dk
>>>>>>> AIM: cincinster
>>>>>>> yahoo Messenger: cin368
>>>>>>> Facebook Profile
>>>>>>> My Twitter
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
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