Peter, LAP stands for “Land Act Purchase”. As far as I am aware, it was introduced with the 1903 Land Act, often known as Wyndham’s Land Act, so you shouldn’t see it in use before that year. It provided the final piece of legislation to make land ownership more reasonable in Ireland, especially for farmers. It provided Government backed mortgages to finance the purchase of the land and freehold, and there was also some sort of mechanism for bridging the gap where a land owner and farmer couldn’t agree the price.
In the Valuation Revision books these purchases are marked with the letters “L.A.P.” in purple ink, plus the relevant year is normally written in the right hand column. The landlord’s name is deleted and the words “In fee” inserted. In fee means you own the freehold. Quoting from the Encyclopedia Britannica: “At the close of the century, the Conservatives initiated a policy designed to “kill Home Rule by kindness” by introducing constructive reforms in Ireland. Their most important achievement was the Land Purchase Act <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wyndham-Land-Purchase-Act> of 1903, which initiated the greatest social revolution in Ireland since the 17th century. By providing generous inducements to landlords to sell their estates, the act effected by government mediation the transfer of landownership to the occupying tenants”. Source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Ireland/The-rise-of-Fenianism#ref316060 As I understand it, the widespread inability to buy their land was something that galled many Irish farmers. (Landowners wanted the income rather than the capital so they mostly didn’t want to sell, though you do see the odd sale in the records). But for many farmers you got say a 30 year lease and spent half your life improving the farm, only for the land owner to then put the rent up because the place was now worth more, thanks mostly to your efforts. And if you didn’t accept the increase, you could be required to leave. No wonder many farmers went off to live in a country where land was available for outright purchase (often with grants). As the 1800s progressed various piecemeal legislative changes were made, making it slightly harder for landowners to hike up rents unreasonably. I don’t know the precise details but latterly, in general, if a farmer had a longer lease and had been paying his rent and abiding by the terms of the lease he had an almost guaranteed right to renew, and there were statutory limitations on increasing the rent. So it was a sort of security of tenure. Not nearly as good as freehold, but certainly much more secure than the arrangements in the 1600s and 1700s when it was fairly easy to evict tenants at the end of their lease, and/or hike the rent up. Elwyn On Tue, 30 Jun 2020 at 01:22, Peter McKittrick <[email protected]> wrote: > Thank you, Elwyn. > > Your explanation of “reps of” and background was very helpful. Obviously > long term leases could be dealt with as any other asset, but what threw me > was that I would have expected some more legal language (e.g. executor > of……legal representative of…etc). > > So the lease I have been looking at would have been in name of and signed > by Robert McKittrick and purely on an ex post basis, when the solicitors > for the lessor drew up the sale prospectus for sale in 1872, they found > that the lessee was deceased (1869) so they listed the Tenant as > Representatives of Robert McKittrick. In fact son John was Occupier in > 1860 (Griffith) when Robert was still alive, so John would have probably > occupied under a private arrangement with his father and ran the farm > (probably mainly flax growing) paid the rates. Interestingly, looking more > closely at the terms of the subject lease, there was a clause *against* > assigning, mortgaging, under leasing or otherwise disposing of the > interest, except by will, but that obviously did not prevent occupation by > a son. But yes, you would expect that “Reps of” could only operate under a > will. > > Another interesting feature of the lease arrangement was the existence of > a reversionary lease over part of the land involving a large (probably > prohibitive) rent increase for that part of the land at the expiration of > the main lease. The maps are only viewable on Find My Past in black and > white and the land subject to the reversionary lease is bordered in yellow > so it's not possible to easily identify the part involved and its > significance. > > Later, from the Revision Books available at nidirect, John’s son Joseph > inherited the lease or was at least occupier. As Elwyn states, things got > better for Lessees as by a 1901 Revision Joseph held the land in fee (entry > stamped L.A.P.-exact expansion of acronym yet to be found). I assume LAP > indicates that Joseph took advantage of one or other of the attractive > government purchase assistance schemes, probably one under which the money > was lent over a long term, going by the date. Later schemes seemed to > involve an outright grant. Joseph eventually sold the land to a Peter > Donnelly. > > Happy to see any further discussion! > > Peter McKittrick > > > On 29 Jun 2020, at 11:06 pm, elwyn soutter <[email protected]> > wrote: > > Peter, > > > Sorry if you feel I misinterpreted your words. (You said: “may be to > avoid having to draw up a new lease until it was necessary.”) Dodge > wasn’t intended in any pejorative way, simply as being expedient. > > > > > Elwyn > > On Mon, 29 Jun 2020 at 11:47, Peter McKittrick via CoTyroneList < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> Just in case my email didn’t go to the mailing list, I’ll repeat my >> response to Elwyn Souter: Elwyn, at no stage did I suggest it was a “dodge” >> thank you. >> >> Peter >> >> Sent from my iPhone >> >> > On 29 Jun 2020, at 8:16 pm, Peter McKittrick <[email protected]> >> wrote: >> > >> > Elwyn, at no time did I suggest it was a “dodge” thank you. >> > >> > Peter >> > >> > Sent from my iPhone >> > >> >>> On 29 Jun 2020, at 7:24 pm, elwyn soutter < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> >> >> >> >> Regarding “reps of” cases, it was common for there to be significant >> delays in winding up of some estates. That could be a combination of slow >> or ineffective executors or it could be because there were disputes or >> other legal matters which delayed things. >> >> >> >> As a random search, I went to the PRONI wills website and looked for >> people who died between 1858 and 1862 but whose estates were not granted >> probate until between 1890 and 1900. There are 36 such cases. So it took >> up to 32 years for probate to be granted in a fairly significant number of >> cases. And until that was done the executors had control over lease renewal >> etc. So any property transactions relating to those estates would have >> “reps of” for many many years. (It wasn’t a dodge to avoid a new lease, as >> Peter suggests. It was just that the owner was dead but the property had >> not yet been passed on formally to the person who had inherited it. So the >> person with temporary jurisdiction, and landlord, was the executor(s). >> >> >> >> Here’s a William Bradley who died in 1877. Probate was finally granted >> in 1940. Just a slight delay of 63 years. (The estate was valued at a >> whopping £25). >> >> >> >> Bradley William of Drumard county Tyrone farmer died 26 January 1877 >> Administration W/A Londonderry 13 September to Enoch Bradley farmer. >> Effects £25. Probate: 13 September 1940. >> >> >> >> On many of the lengthy delay cases you will find the letters “d.b.n” >> in the probate abstract. DBN is short for “De bonis non” a term used by the >> Probate Court when dealing with estates where the original executor(s) did >> not fulfil their obligations to the deceased, perhaps because they were >> overseas or even dead themselves, and no-one else took any action to >> resolve things. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> Elwyn >> >> >> >>> On Mon, 29 Jun 2020 at 07:25, Peter McKittrick via CoTyroneList < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Hi Rick, you asked for an example of "Representatives of [Name] being >> listed in relation to tenancies. The example I’ve seen is when the Altmore >> Estate was auctioned in 1872 and the sale prospectus listed all the >> existing lease agreements including one over an Altmore property i.n.o. >> Robert McKittrick where the Tenants Names are recorded as "Representatives >> of Robert McKittrick". This document is available on subscription through >> Find My Past Landed Estates Court Rentals1850-1885. By 1860 and Griffith, >> Robert’s son John (don’t think he was the eldest) is in Occupation of the >> property and by 1869 Robert had died, but in 1872 the lease agreement with >> Reps of Robert McKittrick was still being relied upon. >> >>> >> >>> Regards >> >>> >> >>> Peter McKittrick >> >>> >> >>> > On 28 Jun 2020, at 8:33 am, Peter McKittrick <[email protected]> >> wrote: >> >>> > >> >>> > Rick, good topic. The only thing I’ve noticed is that the lessee is >> sometimes described as “Representatives of.....“ May be to avoid having to >> draw up a new lease until it was absolutely necessary say when the lessor >> changed. >> >>> > >> >>> > Peter >> >>> > >> >>> > Sent from my iPhone >> >>> > >> >>> >> On 28 Jun 2020, at 6:20 am, Rick Smoll via CoTyroneList < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> >> >> >>> >> Hello all …I've been having difficulty finding information >> concerning how tenancy was passed along from generation to generation on >> the plantation farms. What was the legal framework for inheriting the lease >> on the farm that the family had been occupying … in our case for at least >> 150 years prior to the land acts at the end of the 19th century? Hoping >> somebody might be able to steer me somewhere on this issue. >> >>> >> Also, any insight on how a decision was made within a family >> regarding which son (or daughter) would assume responsibility for the lease? >> >>> >> Thanks, as always … >> >>> >> Rick Smoll >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> -----Original Message----- >> >>> >> From: elwyn soutter <[email protected]> >> >>> >> To: James McKane <[email protected]> >> >>> >> Cc: Rick Smoll <[email protected]>; CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing >> List <[email protected]> >> >>> >> Sent: Thu, Jun 11, 2020 8:21 pm >> >>> >> Subject: Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Morrison Family Name in Ulster >> 1610 - 1633 >> >>> >> >> >>> >> Rick, Ballyboe is from the Irish words “Baile bo”meaning “cow >> land.” According to Philip Robinson - “The Plantation of Ulster”,a ballyboe >> was “A small Irish land division which, before the plantation,represented >> the territory within which several families worked the land.Although the >> real area of the ballyboe varied greatly with the quality of theland, it >> was assumed by the plantation surveyors to contain 60 acres ofprofitable >> land in most areas of north-west Ulster. Many modern townlands haveevolved >> from these ballyboes.” Not all land in Ireland was requisitionedby the >> Crown at the time of the Plantation. At least a third remained in thehands >> of local Irish landlords, normally provided they agreed to be loyal tothe >> Crown. An obvious example would bethe Maguires who had lands in Fermanagh. >> Chunks of land were declared forfeitfollowing the 1641 uprising and >> reallocated. Details in the Down survey: >> http://downsurvey.tcd.ie/down-survey-maps.php Robinson spends some time >> discussing theorigins of settler names in Tyrone, and to what extent >> Scottish undertakers hadScots tenants, and English undertakers had English >> tenants. The implicationbeing that they originated in their landlords >> respective estates. However therewas evidently a lot of mixing. For example >> on p122 he says: The evidence of Scots settling outsidetheir allocated >> baronies of Strabane and Mountjoy is supplemented by a statementof Lord >> Audley’s in 1614 when he claimed that his estate of Finagh and Rarone >> inOmagh barony had as many Scots as English in it. Although there is >> considerable degree ofcontinuity between 1630 and 1666 in the >> distributional pattern of Britishsettlement, and indeed in the persistence >> of English and Scottish localities,the actual surnames on most estates did >> change dramatically. This turnover ofpersonnel cannot be attributed simply >> to the ravages of the 1641 rebellion, forcomparable changes can be observed >> between 1622 and 1630. A high degree oftenant mobility is a striking >> characteristic of plantation settlement, despitethe continuity of >> settlement patterns.” He goes on to discuss colonial spread. “In1622 the >> percentage of Scots on any Tyrone estate was closely related towhether or >> not the estate was Scottish owned, and only marginally related tothe >> physical distance from Londonderry as the natural entry point for >> Scottishsettlers. However by 1630 the gap between the statistical >> significance of thesetwo factors had narrowed, and by 1666 it was the >> distance from Londonderrywhich was most significant. This supports the >> model of colonization outlinedabove, whereby the process of direct >> plantation, with subsequent internalmigration operated simultaneously with >> that of colonial spread. Furthermore thecontention that colonial spread >> became relatively more important than directplantation with time is also >> supported.” (This continues for pages but you willhopefully get the general >> drift. Manysettlers in Tyrone and particularly the Scots arrived via >> Londonderry and movedacross Tyrone. Some stayed put and some moved about. >> After 40 years colonialspread meant that a significant percentage were no >> longer in the place wherethey first settled). Loughterush is in the barony >> of Omagh East.For me, the absence of Morrisons in that part of Tyrone in >> the Muster Rolls (iec 1630) strongly suggests your ancestors must have >> there arrived afterthat. There’s only 1 Morison in Tyronein the Muster >> Rolls, a Robert Morsion in Strabane barony. Perhaps your familywere >> connected to him and moved south to Loughterush. So colonial spread? Your >> question is whether Audley brought theMorisons over? I doubt he brought >> them over himself because he appears to haveacquired those lands from his >> uncle, Lord Castlehaven who was the originalUndertaker. The family were >> from Petersfield in Hampshire. Morison is not a name particularly common >> inthat part of England so that would make me doubt they were Castlehaven >> tenantsin England. But I might be wrong. Elwyn >> >>> >> On Fri, 12 Jun 2020 at 01:21, James McKane <[email protected]> >> wrote: >> >>> >> >> >>> >> A search of the CoTyroneIreland.com Tithe Applotment Index shows >> this entry >> >>> >> >> >>> >> | MORRISON | Edward | Loughterush | Sloy Manor, Kilskerry 1826 >> >>> >> | >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> Jim McKane >> >>> >> Kitchener, Ontario >> >>> >> >> >>> >> On Thu, Jun 11, 2020 at 5:02 PM Rick Smoll via CoTyroneList < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> >> >> >>> >> I located a copy of the 1654-1656 Civil Survey that covers the >> townland of Loughterush in Kilskeery Parish … this obviously does not list >> the tenants names, only the owner … but there is interesting information >> there that for me begs some questions that perhaps some of you could help >> me with. I have attached the top page with the header that describes the >> area and names the owner, and then the page that lists Laghterish (older >> spelling or misspelling of Loughterush) among the townlands in his >> possession. >> >>> >> Questions:1. Is there any reason to have confidence that Col. >> Audley Mervin would have been the one to have brought the Morrisons over >> to Loughterush? 2. Were all of the lands of Ulster apportioned out in the >> time frame around 1610, or did it take a longer period of time (ie, could >> Mervin have been granted his land after 1630?) He was also listed among >> those who came to the aid of Londonderry during the siege by James II in >> 1690, so he was not likely an original grantee in 1610.3.The total acreage >> for the townlands of Lisnahanna, Loughterush, and Derryvokenan (?) is >> listed as 65 acres … there is obviously a lot more than 65 acres there >> (even Irish acres) ; the Morrison farm alone was about 40-50 acres … could >> that be referring to only the amount of acreage under cultivation? >> >>> >> Other items of interest: … I now know what a Balliboe is. >> >>> >> … Based on the note in the left column of the first page, Audley >> was apparently among those protestant royalists who were penalized by >> Cromwell with the settlement act of 1652. >> >>> >> >> >>> >> Rick Smoll >> >>> >> >> >>> >> -----Original Message----- >> >>> >> From: elwyn soutter <[email protected]> >> >>> >> To: CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List < >> [email protected]> >> >>> >> Cc: rsmoll999 <[email protected]> >> >>> >> Sent: Thu, May 21, 2020 9:27 pm >> >>> >> Subject: Re: [CoTyroneMailingList] Morrison Family Name in Ulster >> 1610 - 1633 >> >>> >> >> >>> >> Rick, The surname, the general location and thefamily denomination >> all point to them being settlers who probably arrived inIreland in the >> 1600s. MacLysaght’s surnames of Ireland describesMorrison as “an English >> name numerous inUlster.” The location ie Tyrone, is a county heavily >> settled by Scots &English in that period, and the family denomination >> (Methodist in 1901) alsopoints to them being incomers. (They would almost >> certainly have been Church ofIreland – ie Anglican- in earlier times, prior >> to Methodism’s arrival inIreland). So in effect you have 3pointers to them >> being of settler origins. The Muster Rolls c 1630 show a number ofMorrisons >> in Ireland, and one in Tyrone, but none in the Barony of Omagh East(which >> includes Loughterush) so that points to a post 1630 arrival in >> theLoughterush area, if not in Ireland. It’s very rare to find any >> documentationfor the 1600s, unless you were an Undertaker or major land >> owner, or had landforfeit after the 1641 rebellion. Theearliest likely >> records might be in the Registry of Deeds which start around1709. If the >> family registered a lease or other significant document, thatsometimes >> gives you a date. Failing that, church records may help. KilskeeryChurch of >> Ireland records start in 1767 so you might find them there. For somepeople >> the tithe applotment records in the late 1820s/early 1830s are often >> theearliest records to be found. I searched the PRONI e-catalogue but see >> nomention there of Morrison in Loughterush other than in the tithes in >> 1826.There were no comprehensive records of when people first acquired >> land. Formost 17th century settlers, the first 150 years or so of their >> timein Ireland are lost in the mists of time. Elwyn >> >>> >> On Fri, 22 May 2020 at 03:06, rsmoll999 via CoTyroneList < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> >> >> >>> >> Peter ... thanks for responding ... the links you sent are not >> working for me. I'll do some more hunting for those sites.Sent from my >> Sprint Samsung Galaxy S9. >> >>> >> -------- Original message --------From: Peter McKittrick via >> CoTyroneList <[email protected]> Date: 5/21/20 8:43 PM >> (GMT-06:00) To: "CoTyroneIreland.com Mailing List" < >> [email protected]> Cc: Peter McKittrick < >> [email protected]> Subject: [CoTyroneMailingList] Morrison Family >> Name in Ulster 1610 - 1633 A past Genealogical Society of Victoria >> (Australia) handout indicates that Morrison appears in Scottish names in >> Tyrone, 1610-1633 based on muster rolls and estate maps.Sources: >> Brian Orr, Plantation of Ireland and the Ulster Scots published on >> http://www.irishclans.com/ <http://www.irishclans.com/> >> Gwen Rawlings-Barry, The Ulster Plantation (1605-1697) published on >> http://www.canadasulsterscots.tripod.com/ < >> http://www.canadasulsterscots.tripod.com/> (website not found).Peter >> McKittrick> On 22 May 2020, at 10:23 am, Gordon Wilkinson via CoTyroneList < >> [email protected]> wrote:> > Rick, My guess is that they >> could have been part of the plantation of Ulster in the 17thC. I >> suspect(based on my surname) that my ancestors may have been part of that >> event too but have not been able to find any records of who arrived from >> where and when. Any help (thanks Len S. for your earlier help) would be >> appreciated. Gordon> > On 22/05/2020 3:14 am, Rick Smoll via CoTyroneList >> wrote:>> My Morrison ancestors occupied a farm in the Loughterush townland >> (Kilskeery Parish) from at least the mid 1700s until 1970 when the last >> Morrison on the farm passed away (he was a bachelor), and the farm was sold >> at public auction. The earliest ancestor I have found records for was >> Edward Morrison, and the earliest reference to Loughterush was with the >> birth of a daughter of his in 1781.>> My question is: Is there a way to >> find out when the Morrisons first came to occupy the farm in Loughterush?>> >> Thank you for any help on this.>> >> Rick Smoll>> >> _______________________________________________>> CoTyroneList Mailing >> List>> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected]>> >> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com>> >> Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY> > -- > >> _________________________________> Nereda & Gordon Wilkinson, Hyde Park, >> South Australia.> Web: www.ozemail.com.au/~neredon >> <http://www.ozemail.com.au/%7Eneredon> Skype id: neredon> Emails: >> [email protected] [email protected]> >> > > _______________________________________________> CoTyroneList Mailing >> List> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected]> >> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com> >> Mailing List Archive: >> https://goo.gl/mQCKrY_______________________________________________CoTyroneList >> Mailing ListMailing List Email Address: >> [email protected] Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.comMailing >> List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY >> >>> >> _______________________________________________ >> >>> >> CoTyroneList Mailing List >> >>> >> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected] >> >>> >> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com >> >>> >> Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY >> >>> >> >> >>> >> _______________________________________________ >> >>> >> CoTyroneList Mailing List >> >>> >> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected] >> >>> >> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com >> >>> >> Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> _______________________________________________ >> >>> >> CoTyroneList Mailing List >> >>> >> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected] >> >>> >> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com >> >>> >> Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> _______________________________________________ >> >>> CoTyroneList Mailing List >> >>> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected] >> >>> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com >> >>> Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY >> _______________________________________________ >> CoTyroneList Mailing List >> Mailing List Email Address: [email protected] >> Change Your Preferences: >> http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com >> Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY >> > > _______________________________________________ CoTyroneList Mailing List Mailing List Email Address: [email protected] Change Your Preferences: http://cotyroneireland.com/mailman/listinfo/cotyronelist_cotyroneireland.com Mailing List Archive: https://goo.gl/mQCKrY
