Dear all, 

Fully relevant to this discussion, you might noted that a couple of years ago, 
we (Vladimir Lunin and myself) argued 

[ https://journals.iucr.org/m/issues/2022/06/00/tf5001/ | 
https://journals.iucr.org/m/issues/2022/06/00/tf5001/ ] 

that, when describing an atomic model, each atom should have one more 
parameter, namely a local resolution with which it contributes to the map from 
which it has been identified - or, in other words, with which value its image 
should be calculated to reproduce the experimental map (and NOT the density / 
potential itself) as a sum of atomic contributions (different atoms may have 
different local resolution). 
Indicating the local resolution large (and neither B-factors large nor 
occupancy small) means exactly that one cannot localize it in this given map; 
again in other words, that the map from which this part of the model was 
constructed had not enough information. 

Naturally, cif-format has no obstacle to complete the model description by the 
local resolution value associated to each individual atom. Moreover, even the 
old good PDB format has a space for this; positions 67-72 have been reserved 
:-) 

Going behind the current discussion, as you perfectly know, both B-factors and 
resolution cut-off blur atomic images; however they do it in a different way 
(Ezra already mentioned Fourier ripples). Considering this new parameter allows 
one distingushing these two effects and even to identify (fix?) some errors 
occured when using the current, conventional procedures : see, for example, 
Lunin et al. in Current Research in Structural Biology (2023) : 
[ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100102 | 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100102 ] 

There is a couple more of relevant articles, in Acta D and J.Appl.Cryst, and 
there are works in progress. 

I hope, this helps... 

Have a nice day 

Sacha Urzhumtsev 

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