Hi list,


[Apologies for cross posting]


Fully funded PhD opportunity at Edinburgh Napier University, researching 
Equally Safe Sound Design

Full details 
https://blogs.napier.ac.uk/scebe-research/wp-content/uploads/sites/132/2023/10/Oct23-Ai-Fu-PhD-Selfridge-on-Equally-Safe-Sound-Design.pdf



Deadline – 3rd December 2023

Projects are anticipated to start on 1st October 2024.

Apply via 
https://www.jobs.ac.uk/job/DDV112/fully-funded-phd-studentships-in-applied-informatics


Informal contact to Dr Rod Selfridge – r.selfri...@napier.ac.uk



*******



Project description:

This aim of this research is to identifying emotions women might perceive when 
harassed or intimidated in public spaces and how these emotions might be 
represented sonically. Findings of this research will then be incorporated 
within sound designed outputs in order to maximise empathy. Outputs will engage 
the public, bringing to their attention the prevalence of these incidents and 
the emotional effect it has on its victims. High impact outputs could include 
serious games [1, 2, 3], sound maps [4, 5], AR applications [6] and VR 
experiences [7].



Harassment of women and girls in public spaces is an all too common and 
underreported issue, affecting a significant portion of the female population. 
A UKgovernment, all-party parliamentary group survey found that 71% of women 
have experienced sexual harassment, increasing to 86% of 18–24-year-olds [8]. 
In contrast, the 2022 BBC / YouGov survey shows that only 5% of women reported 
these incidents which occurred when walking alone [9].

Equally Safe is the Scottish Government’s strategy for tackling violence 
against women and girls [10]. One of the main emphases is on the importance of 
proactive engagement to support behaviour change of those who may carry out 
violence against women and girls. One of the key drivers of behaviour change is 
empathy among those receiving the information for the victims, [11]. Empathy is 
defined in [12] as an emotional response to a person’s understanding and 
perception of a stimulus emotion.



In media and interaction design [13], the sound design of any output is one of 
the main drivers evoking empathy to the emotional context of the content or 
interaction [14, 15, 16, 17]. This research intends to investigate emotion and 
the corresponding sounds associated with harassment and intimidation of women 
and girls in public space. By understanding these it should be possible to 
employ novel sounds and sound design techniques to evoke empathy in others in 
relation to these incidents. It is envisaged that outputs derived from this 
research will support and scaffold behaviour change in those who might commit 
harassment and intimidation of women and girls in public spaces.



References:

[1] Verschueren,S.,Buffel,C.,&VanderStichele,G.(2019).Developingtheory- driven, 
evidence-based serious games for health: framework based on research community 
insights. JMIR serious games, 7(2), e11565.

[2] Salter,A.(2016,May).Playingatempathy:Representingandexperiencing emotional 
growth through Twine games. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Serious 
Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH) (pp. 1- 8). IEEE.

[3] Calvo-Morata,A.,Alonso-Fernández,C.,Freire,M.,Martínez-Ortiz,I.,& 
Fernández-Manjón, B. (2020). Serious games to prevent and detect bullying and 
cyberbullying: A systematic serious games and literature review. Computers & 
Education, 157, 103958.

[4] Grandison,T.,Flint,T.,&Jamieson,K.(2022).Digi-Mapping:Creative Placemaking 
with Psychogeography

[5] Thulin,S.(2018).Soundmapsmatter:expandingcartophony.Social& Cultural 
Geography, 19(2), 192-210.

[6] Rovithis,E.,Floros,A.,Moustakas,N.,Vogklis,K.,&Kotsira,L.(2019). Bridging 
Audio and Augmented Reality towards a New Generation of Serious Audio-Only 
Games. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 17(2), 144-156.

[7] Cook,J.,Kirkman,A.,McAlpine,K.B.,&Selfridge,R.(2023).Hearing historic 
Scotland: Reflections on recording in virtually reconstructed acoustics. 
Journal of the Alamire Foundation, 15(1), 109-126.

[8] UKGovernment,All-PartyParliamentaryGroup,2001.Prevalenceand Reporting of 
Sexual Harassment in UK Public Spaces. APPG for UN Women.

[9] BBC/YouGov2022.Woman’sSafety.YouGov.

[10] Scottish Government. https://www.gov.scot/policies/violence-against-women-

and-girls/equally-safe-strategy/. Last accessed 09 October 2023.

[11]Oe, H., & Yamaoka, Y. (2022). Discussion of citizen behavioural change

using the nudge effect: A perspective based on social policy interventions.

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 42(11-12), 1013-1027. 
[12]Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: A 
review

of the concept. Emotion review, 8(2), 144-153.

[13] Pauletto, S., Selfridge, R., Holzapfel, A., & Frisk, H. (2021). From Foley 
professional practice to Sonic Interaction Design: initial research conducted 
within the Radio Sound Studio Project. In Nordic Sound and Music Computing 
Conference.

[14] Hillman, N., & Pauletto, S. (2014). The Craftsman: The use of sound design 
to elicit emotions. The Soundtrack, 7(1), 5-23

[15]Görne, T. (2019). The Emotional Impact of Sound: A Short Theory of Film 
Sound Design. EPiC Series in Technology, 1, 17-30

[16] Västfjäll, D. (2003). The subjective sense of presence, emotion 
recognition, and experienced emotions in auditory virtual environments. 
CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(2), 181-188.

[17]Jee, E. S., Jeong, Y. J., Kim, C. H., & Kobayashi, H. (2010). Sound design 
for emotion and intention expression of socially interactive robots. 
Intelligent Service Robotics, 3, 199-206.





The Applied Informatics group at Edinburgh Napier University is also looking 
for students to work on one of the following projects:

  *   A new model for information literacies of community representatives
  *   Trust, risk and digital identity for digitally-unsure citizens
  *   Designing Meaningful Mixed Reality Experiences
  *   Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to technology adoption among 
older adults: a mixed-methods approach
  *   Playing in the Past: Investigating User Experience Design in Historical 
Games
  *   Investigating digital approaches to creating meaningful experiences of 
place
  *   Designing Interactive Digital Storytelling Experiences
  *   Interpreting and interacting with archives and collections from the 
perspective of the creative practitioner.
  *   Multimodal Applications for Cognitive Differences
  *   The role of digital technologies in shifts towards sustainable behaviours 
– empowering end user engagement through user-centred design
  *   The use digital tools and online information for the self-management of 
health
  *   DDSP in Procedural Audio Sound Effects
  *   Behaviour change for Cybersecurity
  *   Intelligent proxies to support health and social care for older adults
  *   Playful engagement with Politics in the time of misinformation.

The full description of the projects is available 
here<https://blogs.napier.ac.uk/scebe-research/applied-informatics/>.

We welcome also innovative proposals outside the listed topics but aligned with 
the research interests of the Subject Group, which can be found at Applied 
Informatics<https://blogs.napier.ac.uk/scebe-research/applied-informatics/>.
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