Re: fast regex
Lawrence D'Oliveiro writes: > “Fast regex” is a contradiction in terms. You use regexes when you want ease > of definition and application, not speed. > > For speed, consider hand-coding your own state machine. Preferably in a > compiled language like C. But, nothing stops a regexp library from doing that, and some of them do. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Upgrade Python 2.6.4 to 2.6.5
Martin, Thanks for the quick reply. On 10/05/2010 22:25, Martin v. Loewis wrote: Werner F. Bruhin wrote: Just upgraded on my Windows 7 machine my copy of 2.6.4 to 2.6.5. However doing sys.version still shows 2.6.4 even so python.exe is dated 19. March 2010 with a size of 26.624 bytes. Is this a known issue? Or did I do something wrong? Look at the copy of python26.dll. This should be the new one; perhaps you have another copy in the system32 folder? The one in system32 is 2.6.5 and the one in c:\python26 is 2.6.4. When will it install into system32? Did the upgrade inform you that it was an upgrade, or did it warn you that you would overwrite the previous installation? It warned me that there is a previous installation. Best regards Werner -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Iterating a sequence two items at a time
Hi! I have a list [1,2,3,4,5,6] which I'd like to iterate as (1,2), (3,4), (5,6). I can of course roll my own, but I was wondering if there was already some existing library function that already does this. def as_pairs(seq): i = iter(seq) yield (i.next(), i.next()) Question to this code: Is the order of the "i.next()" calls guaranteed to be from left to right? Or could I end up with pairs being switched? Thanks! Uli -- Sator Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
Luis M. González writes: > That doesn't mean python can compete with other purely functional > languages, but it's probably as functional as it can be for a more > conventional, multiparadigm language. Ben Lippmeier made the interesting claim that one of the defining characteristics of functional programming is type systems based on the Curry-Howard correspondence. By that standard I think even Scheme (perhaps the grandaddy of functional languages) wouldn't qualify. I do think of Scheme as a functional language, but of Python and Lisp as imperative languages with functional aspects. I like learnyouahaskell.com if you want to get some exposure to Haskell, probably the archetypal functional language these days. I've been fooling with it on and off for the past couple years. I'm still not convinced that it's that good a vehicle for practical general purpose software development, but there are some specific areas where it works out just beautifully. And in terms of the challenges it presents and the amount I've learned from it, it's one of the most interesting things I've done as a programmer in as long as I can remember. It really is mind altering. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating a sequence two items at a time
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 12:09 AM, Ulrich Eckhardt wrote: > Hi! > > I have a list [1,2,3,4,5,6] which I'd like to iterate as (1,2), (3,4), > (5,6). I can of course roll my own, but I was wondering if there was > already some existing library function that already does this. When a problem involves iteration, always check the `itertools` module in the std lib. From the module docs's recipe section (http://docs.python.org/library/itertools.html#recipes): import itertools def grouper(n, iterable, fillvalue=None): "grouper(3, 'ABCDEFG', 'x') --> ABC DEF Gxx" args = [iter(iterable)] * n return itertools.izip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args) >>> # Let's try it out. >>> list(grouper(2, [1,2,3,4,5,6])) [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)] >>> # Success! > def as_pairs(seq): > i = iter(seq) > yield (i.next(), i.next()) > > Question to this code: Is the order of the "i.next()" calls guaranteed to be > from left to right? Or could I end up with pairs being switched? Pretty sure left-to-right is guaranteed; see http://bugs.python.org/issue448679 Also, if you're using Python 2.6+, the line should be: yield (next(i), next(i)) See http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#next Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: HTTP Post Request
On May 11, 5:06 am, Kushal Kumaran
wrote:
> On Mon, May 10, 2010 at 8:26 PM, kak...@gmail.com wrote:
> > On May 10, 10:22 am, Kushal Kumaran
> > wrote:
> >> On Mon, May 10, 2010 at 7:30 PM, kak...@gmail.com wrote:
> >> > Hi to all, i want to ask you a question, concerning the best way to do
> >> > the following as a POST request:
> >> > There is server-servlet that accepts xml commands
> >> > It had the following HTTP request headers:
>
> >> > Host: somehost.com
> >> > User-Agent: Jakarta Commons-HttpClient
> >> > Content-Type: text/xml
> >> > Content-Length: 415
>
> >> > and the following request body (reformatted here for clarity):
>
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > search
> >> >
> >> > How can i send the above to the Listener Servlet?
> >> > Thanks in advance
>
> >> Use the xmlrpclib module.
>
> > OK, sending headers with xmlrpclib,
> > but how do i send the XML message?
>
> Your XML message is an XML RPC message. You will use xmlrpclib like this:
>
> server_proxy = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(('somehost.com', 80))
> result = server_proxy.search()
>
> The call to server_proxy.search will result in an actual XML RPC
> message being sent.
>
> Read up on the xmlrpclib documentation
> here:http://docs.python.org/library/xmlrpclib.html, and the XMLRPC spec
> here:http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec
>
> --
> regards,
> kushal
Ok I got it!
Thank you!!!
A.K
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Re: Iterating a sequence two items at a time
Ulrich Eckhardt a écrit : Hi! I have a list [1,2,3,4,5,6] which I'd like to iterate as (1,2), (3,4), (5,6). I can of course roll my own, but I was wondering if there was already some existing library function that already does this. >>> l = range(10) >>> for x, y in zip(l[::2], l[1::2]): ... print x, y ... 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SimplestThingThatCouldPossiblyWork(tm) - but might not be the most efficient idiom, specially with large lists... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
inherit from data type
Hello, i want to inherit from a data type. How can i do this? Can anyone explain more abou this? How knows python that it is a float, or a string? Kind Regards Richi -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: fast regex
Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: > “Fast regex” is a contradiction in terms. You use > regexes when you want ease of definition and > application, not speed. Python or Perl regex's are not actually regular expressions. Real regular expression compilers produce blazing fast results, but they cannot support many of the features of offered by the search-and- backtrack engines that Python and Perl use. > For speed, consider hand-coding your own state > machine. Preferably in a compiled language like C. The speed of a real regular expression engine is hard to beat. I assume you're not actually suggesting hand-writing a state machine for the problem at issue here, which requires recognizing about 5000 different words. -- --Bryan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating a sequence two items at a time
Ulrich Eckhardt wrote: > I have a list [1,2,3,4,5,6] which I'd like to iterate as (1,2), (3,4), > (5,6). I can of course roll my own, but I was wondering if there was > already some existing library function that already does this. > > > def as_pairs(seq): > i = iter(seq) > yield (i.next(), i.next()) Obviously this code does _not_ do what I want, it must be like this: def as_pairs(seq): i = iter(seq) while True: yield (i.next(), i.next()) Gah! Uli -- Sator Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
Richard Lamboj wrote: > i want to inherit from a data type. How can i do this? Can anyone explain > more abou this? Other than in e.g. C++ where int and float are special types, you can inherit from them in Python like from any other type. The only speciality of int, float and string is that they are immutable. > How knows python that it is a float, or a string? I'm not actually sure I understand this question. If you derive from float, Python obviously knows that you derive from float Uli -- Sator Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 6:38 PM, Richard Lamboj wrote: > i want to inherit from a data type. How can i do this? Can anyone explain more > abou this? How knows python that it is a float, or a string? $ python Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 27 2010, 18:26:49) [GCC 4.4.1 (CRUX)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> class MyFloat(float): ... def __repr__(self): ... return "MyFloat(%f)" % self ... >>> x = MyFloat(3.1415926535897931) >>> x MyFloat(3.141593) >>> --James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
Richard Lamboj a écrit : Hello, i want to inherit from a data type. How can i do this? Hmmm, let's see... Could it be possible that it's documented somewhere ? Like, in the FineManual(tm) ?-) http://docs.python.org/tutorial/classes.html#inheritance Can anyone explain more abou this? How knows python that it is a float, or a string? which "it" ? Sorry, I'd like to help but I can't make sense of this question... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to eliminate "Debug: src/helpers.cpp(140): 'CreateActCtx' failed" message ?
Hi,
I created my first py2exe windows exe, and when it's run, I see on the console:
$ ./svm_ts_tool_in_progress.exe
11:49:32: Debug: src/helpers.cpp(140): 'CreateActCtx' failed with error
0x007b (the filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect.).
This is a non-fatal error and the application continues to run.
I googled, but did not find a way to eliminate this Debug message.
Could you suggest how to eliminate this message ?
Thanks,
Ron.
Notes:
$ python -V
Python 2.6.4
$ cat setup.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
from glob import glob
"""
data_files = [("Microsoft.VC90.CRT", glob(r'C:\Program Files\HHD Software\Hex
Editor Neo\Microsoft.VC90.CRT\*.*'))]
icon_files = [("icons",
glob(r'c:\views\cc_view\TS_svm_ts_tool\svm_ts_tool\*.gif'))]
"""
file_list = []
for i in glob(r'c:\views\cc_view\TS_svm_ts_tool\svm_ts_tool\*.gif'):
file_list.append(i)
data_files = [("data", file_list)]
setup(
data_files=data_files
)
setup(
console=["svm_ts_tool_in_progress.py"],
zipfile=None,
options={ "py2exe" :
{"optimize" : 1
}
}
)
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Re: inherit from data type
Am Tuesday 11 May 2010 10:47:35 schrieb Ulrich Eckhardt: > Richard Lamboj wrote: > > i want to inherit from a data type. How can i do this? Can anyone explain > > more abou this? > > Other than in e.g. C++ where int and float are special types, you can > inherit from them in Python like from any other type. The only speciality > of int, float and string is that they are immutable. > > > How knows python that it is a float, or a string? > > I'm not actually sure I understand this question. If you derive from float, > Python obviously knows that you derive from float > > > Uli > > -- > Sator Laser GmbH > Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 "How knows python that it is a float, or a string?" Sorry this was bad expressed. I want to create a new data type, which inherits from float. I just know the "dir" function and the "help" function to get more infromations about the class, but i need to get more information about the class structure. What i also want to know: >>> variable1 = 10.50 >>> type(variable1) Is there a way to tell python that it use antoher class than float for float, like myfloat? Its just a "tell-me-what-is-possible". Sample: >>> variable1 = 10.50 >>> type(variable1) Kind Regards, Richi -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to make this doctest work?
Hello I ran across this accidentally and wonders how to make the doctest in following code snippet work: import doctest def a(): """ >>> a = '\\r\\n' >>> print a No matter how many blank lines I add here, it just can't get enough -_- """ pass doctest.testmod() ps: I want variable "a" to be '\r\n', but python kept telling me ValueError: line 4 of the docstring has inconsistent leading whitespace: "'" Why can't doctest module deal with statement "a='\r\n'"? -- Luyun Xie http://magefromhell.blogspot.com/ (http://blog.hellmage.info/) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 2:18 AM, Richard Lamboj wrote: > What i also want to know: variable1 = 10.50 type(variable1) > > > Is there a way to tell python that it use antoher class than float for float, > like myfloat? Its just a "tell-me-what-is-possible". > > Sample: variable1 = 10.50 type(variable1) > No, it's not possible to have the float literal syntax produce instances of your custom subclass. Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Dynamically compiling and reloading SWIG .pyd file
I am creating an application which has it's code split between python
and C. The Python is used to provide a high level GUI interface and
the C is for low level functions. I use SWIG to create Python Bindings
for the C functions. I want to implement a feature where there is a
button in the toolbar of the GUI which will automatically compile the
C code into a .pyd file. The problem I have is when the GUI is
running, the .pyd is loaded as a DLL and thus is locked by the GUI, so
I can't get "gcc" to overwrite the .pyd file.
I have tried to force the GUI to close it's handle on the file
handle =
ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA("_FirmwareSubSys.pyd")
if handle == 0:
print "_FirmwareSubSys.pyd not loaded"
else:
_ctypes.FreeLibrary(handle)
But by doing this the next time I load the DLL python crashes.
Do anyone know how to dynamically compile and load SWIG Python
Bindings?
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Re: inherit from data type
Richard Lamboj wrote: > "How knows python that it is a float, or a string?" Sorry this was bad > expressed. I want to create a new data type, which inherits from float. I > just know the "dir" function and the "help" function to get more > infromations about the class, but i need to get more information about the > class structure. I'd suggest the tutorial, see http://docs.python.org, though your question is already beyond the range of beginners' questions. > What i also want to know: variable1 = 10.50 type(variable1) > > > Is there a way to tell python that it use antoher class than float for > float, like myfloat? Its just a "tell-me-what-is-possible". > > Sample: variable1 = 10.50 type(variable1) > The expression "10.5" will always be a float, you can't change that. What you can do is create your own type, derived from float: >>> class myfloat(float): ... pass ... and then create an object of that type: >>> x = myfloat(3.14) >>> type(x) >>> Lastly one warning: In many cases where people wanted to derive from a concrete data type, their problems were easier solved by external code. I don't know your problem though. Uli -- Sator Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Picking a license
On 10 Mai, 17:01, Patrick Maupin wrote: > > I'll be charitable and assume the fact that you can make that > statement without apparent guile merely means that you haven't read > the post I was referring to: > > http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html Of course I have read it, and not just recently either. But this is a position paper by the author of the licence, and it doesn't mean that someone who has written a GPL-licensed library completely agrees with that position. And anyway, it's a case of "take it or leave it" - it's not like the author or the FSF are sneaking stuff into every product and every corner of the market and then telling you that you can't "unchoose" their stuff. [...] > Legally, I don't think they can dictate the license terms of, e.g. > clisp just because it can link to readline. But practically, they DID > manage to do this, simply because Bruno Haible, the clisp author, was > more concerned about writing software than spending too much time > sparring with Stallman over the license, so he finally licensed clisp > under the gpl. clisp *could* use readline, but didn't require it; > nonetheless Stallman argued that clisp was a "derivative" of > readline. That case of the tail wagging the dog would be laughable if > it hadn't worked. In any case, Stallman's success at that tactic is > probably one of the things that led him to write the paper on why you > should use GPL for your library. Although it seems quite unfair, the e-mail discussion about the licence does show that Stallman was not initially convinced that works should be affected in such a way (with regard to the Objective-C compiler developed by NeXT), and that Haible was not strongly opposed to changing the licence. You can argue that Stallman overreached by demanding a licence change and that consideration of such matters has progressed since that time, but Haible always had the option of not using or supporting readline - only the latter is contentious, and the obligation of GPL-compatible licensing (as opposed to GPL-licensing) now diminishes how contentious this is today. [...] > I think that, legally, they probably don't have a leg to stand on for > some of their overarching claims (e.g. about shipping proprietary > software that could link to readline, without even shipping > readline). But morally -- well, they've made their position > reasonably clear and I try to abide by it. That still doesn't make it > "not really FUD." I'd call this sort of badgering "copyright misuse" > myself. Again, you have to consider the intent of the licensing: that some software which links to readline results in a software system that should offer the "four freedoms", because that's the price of linking to readline whose licence has promised that any system which builds upon it shall offer those privileges. > > As for rst2pdf, what your modifications would mean is that the > > software would need to be redistributed under a GPL-compatible > > licence. > > That's parsing semantics rather finely. In practice, what it really > means is that the combination (e.g. the whole program) would > effectively be GPL-licensed. This then means that downstream users > would have to double-check that they are not combining the whole work > with licenses which are GPL-incompatible, even if they are not using > the svg feature. Hence, the term "viral." Once again, I refer you to the intent of the licensing: if someone has the software in front of them which uses svglib, then they need to have the privileges granted to them by the GPL. Yes, if the software also uses some component with a GPL-incompatible licence, then this causes a problem. [...] > http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#GPLInProprietarySystem > > "A system incorporating a GPL-covered program is an extended version > of that program. The GPL says that any extended version of the program > must be released under the GPL if it is released at all." > > This makes it clear that the overall work must be GPLed. Now, all of > a sudden, downstream users cannot do some things they could have done > before. Can you not see that taking a preexisting MIT-licensed > project and adding code to make it GPL could negatively affect some of > its users and that that is not necessarily an unalloyed good? Well, I have referred several times to WebKit without you taking the hint, but that provides a specific case of a project which is LGPL- licensed despite being based on (in GPLv3 terminology) libraries which were distributed under the GPL and combined with that software. Similarly, the effort to ensure that CPython's licence was GPL- compatible had a lot to do with the right to redistribute with GPL- licensed code (actually readline, if I remember correctly). [...] > > Well, even the FSF doesn't approve of trivial projects using the GPL: > > >http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WhatIfWorkIsShort > > Sure, that's a pragmatic view -- copyright might not even be permitted
Re: HTTP Post Request
On May 11, 10:56 am, "kak...@gmail.com" wrote:
> On May 11, 5:06 am, Kushal Kumaran
> wrote:
>
>
>
> > On Mon, May 10, 2010 at 8:26 PM, kak...@gmail.com wrote:
> > > On May 10, 10:22 am, Kushal Kumaran
> > > wrote:
> > >> On Mon, May 10, 2010 at 7:30 PM, kak...@gmail.com
> > >> wrote:
> > >> > Hi to all, i want to ask you a question, concerning the best way to do
> > >> > the following as a POST request:
> > >> > There is server-servlet that accepts xml commands
> > >> > It had the following HTTP request headers:
>
> > >> > Host: somehost.com
> > >> > User-Agent: Jakarta Commons-HttpClient
> > >> > Content-Type: text/xml
> > >> > Content-Length: 415
>
> > >> > and the following request body (reformatted here for clarity):
>
> > >> >
> > >> >
> > >> > search
> > >> >
> > >> > How can i send the above to the Listener Servlet?
> > >> > Thanks in advance
>
> > >> Use the xmlrpclib module.
>
> > > OK, sending headers with xmlrpclib,
> > > but how do i send the XML message?
>
> > Your XML message is an XML RPC message. You will use xmlrpclib like this:
>
> > server_proxy = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(('somehost.com', 80))
> > result = server_proxy.search()
>
> > The call to server_proxy.search will result in an actual XML RPC
> > message being sent.
>
> > Read up on the xmlrpclib documentation
> > here:http://docs.python.org/library/xmlrpclib.html, and the XMLRPC spec
> > here:http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec
>
> > --
> > regards,
> > kushal
>
> Ok I got it!
> Thank you!!!
>
> A.K
Apparently the server i'm trying to connect accepts only POST
connections. So xmlrpclib is useless.
I think I need the httplib library module.
Any hints?
A.K.
--
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Re: Picking a license
On 10 Mai, 20:36, Patrick Maupin wrote: > > I've addressed this before. Aahz used a word in an accurate, but to > you, inflammatory, sense, but it's still accurate -- the man *would* > force you to pay for the chocolate if you took it. Yes, *if* you took it. He isn't forcing you to take it, though, is he? > You're making it sound like whining, but Aahz was simply trying to state a > fact. It is whining if someone says, "I really want that chocolate, but that nasty man is going to make me pay for it!" > The fact is, I know the man would force me to pay for the chocolate, so in > some cases that enters into the equation and keeps me from wanting the > chocolate. If the man said, "please take the chocolate, but I want you to share it with your friends", and you refused to do so because you couldn't accept that condition, would it be right to say, "that man is forcing me to share chocolate with my friends"? > This isn't whining; just a common-sense description of > reality. Personally, I think this use of the word "force" is much > less inflammatory than the deliberate act of co-opting the word > "freedom" to mean "if you think you can take this software and do > anything you want with it, you're going to find out differently when > we sue you." The word "freedom" means a number of things. If you don't like the way Messrs Finney and Stallman use the term, please take it up with them. But to say that someone entering a voluntary agreement is "forced" to do something, when they weren't forced into that agreement in the first place, is just nonsense. It's like saying that the shopkeeper is some kind of Darth Vader character who is coercing people to take the chocolate and then saddling them with obligations against their will. Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lame sphinx questions [Was: lame epydoc questions]
Phlip wrote: On May 10, 1:51 pm, Phlip wrote: On May 10, 1:39 pm, Chris Rebert wrote: Sphinx is in vogue right now:http://sphinx.pocoo.org/ Okay, we have ten thousand classes to document. How to add them all to index.rst? I remember trying using Sphinx for auto documented APIs, but it was not suitable at that time. You can include API docs generated from the code, but you still need to write the docs around. If I'm correct, Sphinx is one of the best tool to document public APIs. However to build internal documentation with everything from interfaces to implementations, epydoc is still the best, it builds everything with no additional writing, just press the button. JM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
win32com sql update problem
Consider the following snippet of code:
import win32com.client
DSN = 'PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;DATA SOURCE=M:\\Finance\\camel\
\camel.mdb;'
conn.Open(DSN)
cursor = conn.Execute("UPDATE tblInvoice SET InvComments='Python'
WHERE InvBillingPeriod = 'April 2010' AND InvJobCode = '2169'")
rows = cursor.Affected_Rows()
print rows
conn.Close()
I am using Python 2.6.5, and pywin32. If I try to run it, I get the
response:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/mcarter/tacc/pypms/post.py", line 79, in
AdjustPms(d)
File "C:/Users/mcarter/tacc/pypms/post.py", line 64, in AdjustPms
cursor = conn.Execute("UPDATE tblInvoice SET InvComments='Python'
WHERE InvBillingPeriod = 'April 2010' AND InvJobCode = '2169'")
File "", line 3, in Execute
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py",
line 272, in _ApplyTypes_
result = self._oleobj_.InvokeTypes(*(dispid, LCID, wFlags,
retType, argTypes) + args)
pywintypes.com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0,
u'Microsoft JET Database Engine', u"Cannot open database ''. It may
not be a database that your application recognizes, or the file may be
corrupt.", None, 5003049, -2147467259), None)
I have used the same DNS to retrieve data from the database using
SELECT statements, so I'm at a loss to figure out what's going wrong.
It seems to think the database name as an empty string. I'm not sure
if that's the root cause of the problem, though. Any ideas?
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Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
In message <7xvdavd4bq@ruckus.brouhaha.com>, Paul Rubin wrote: > Python is a pragmatic language from an imperative tradition ... I thought the opposite of “functional” was “procedural”, not “imperative”. The opposite to the latter is “declarative”. But (nearly) all procedural languages also have declarative constructs, not just imperative ones (certainly Python does). Presumably an “imperative” language would not. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
In message , Stefan Behnel wrote: > But the beauty is that Python is multi-paradigm ... The trouble with “multi-paradigm” is that it offends the zealots on all sides. It’s like saying that, to effect a compromise among multiple conflicting monotheistic religions, we should create a polytheistic amalgam of them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Picking a license
On Tue, 11 May 2010 03:34:49 -0700, Paul Boddie wrote: > It's like saying that the shopkeeper is some kind of Darth Vader > character who is coercing people to take the chocolate Last time I came home with chocolate, I tried that excuse on my wife. She didn't believe it for a second. Next time, I'll try claiming that I was obliged to eat the chocolate because of the GPL. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
Lawrence D'Oliveiro, 11.05.2010 13:13: Stefan Behnel wrote: But the beauty is that Python is multi-paradigm ... The trouble with “multi-paradigm” is that it offends the zealots on all sides. It’s like saying that, to effect a compromise among multiple conflicting monotheistic religions, we should create a polytheistic amalgam of them. The Romans were pretty successful in doing so, for several hundred years. Let's see if Python will conquer and rule for that long. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
unittest basics
is there a way to test that a certian library or module is or can be
loaded successfully?
self.assert('import blah')
--
John Maclean
MSc. (DIC) BSc. (Hons)
Linux Systems and Applications
07739 171 531
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
Am Tuesday 11 May 2010 11:38:42 schrieb Ulrich Eckhardt: > Richard Lamboj wrote: > > "How knows python that it is a float, or a string?" Sorry this was bad > > expressed. I want to create a new data type, which inherits from float. I > > just know the "dir" function and the "help" function to get more > > infromations about the class, but i need to get more information about > > the class structure. > > I'd suggest the tutorial, see http://docs.python.org, though your question > is already beyond the range of beginners' questions. > > > What i also want to know: > variable1 = 10.50 > type(variable1) > > > > > > > > Is there a way to tell python that it use antoher class than float for > > float, like myfloat? Its just a "tell-me-what-is-possible". > > > > Sample: > variable1 = 10.50 > type(variable1) > > > > > > The expression "10.5" will always be a float, you can't change that. What > > you can do is create your own type, derived from float: > >>> class myfloat(float): > > ... pass > ... > > and then create an object of that type: > >>> x = myfloat(3.14) > >>> type(x) > > > > > > Lastly one warning: In many cases where people wanted to derive from a > concrete data type, their problems were easier solved by external code. I > don't know your problem though. > > Uli > > -- > Sator Laser GmbH > Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932 I just want to test what is possible with python and what not. There is no problem that i need to solve. This is what i'am searching for: http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html Last year i have stopped programming python, but now i'am back with a big black hole in my brain and i want to understand what the interpreter is doing in the background. I think my question was not well formulated... Kind Regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unittest basics
There's no reason for such a thing.
You can just make "import module" in your test and if something goes
wrong that will be treated as any other test failure.
--- Giampaolo
http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib
http://code.google.com/p/psutil
2010/5/11 John Maclean :
> is there a way to test that a certian library or module is or can be loaded
> successfully?
>
> self.assert('import blah')
>
> --
> John Maclean
> MSc. (DIC) BSc. (Hons)
> Linux Systems and Applications
> 07739 171 531
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
how to import a module for global use in a library package ?
Dear all, I am building a library package of the form: rootlib ---__init__ ---subpackage1 --__init__ --sub1module1 --sub1module2 --... ---subpackage2 -- __init__ --sub2module1 --sub2module2 --... My rootlib.__init__ file contains: __name__= ... __version__ = ... __author__ = ... __author_email__= ... __url__ = ... __description__ = ... import subpackage1 import subpackage2 __all__ = [] __all__.extend(['subpackage1','subpackage2']) My question is the following: I need to import an external package, say numpy, for use in various submodules. So far, I simply do an import numpy as _numpy where needed, say sub1module1 and sub2module2. This means that I import this package a number of times which doesn't seem to be a logical thing to do (?). In the end, I would like to make this module a "global" module for my library. I would find it more practical to simply do this import in the __init__ of rootlib and then use it directly in the submodules as rootlib._numpy calls, but I'm not sure exactly how to do this because it would mean that I would have to do an import rootlib in my subpackages which doesn't sound so good... Can anyone give me a hint ? Cheers, Auré -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to import a module for global use in a library package ?
Auré Gourrier wrote: [snip] My question is the following: I need to import an external package, say numpy, for use in various submodules. So far, I simply do an import numpy as _numpy where needed, say sub1module1 and sub2module2. This means that I import this package a number of times which doesn't seem to be a logical thing to do (?). No problem at all. You need numpy in a file, then import numpy at the very beginning of the file. You have 100 files requiring numpy? you'll end up with 100 'import numpy' statements, but who cares ? This is perfectly logic and pythonic in the way it is explicit. You could reference numpy as member of you rootlib package, but any call of numpy methods will be prefixed by rootlib.numpy, and you still need a import rootlib (circular imports since rootlib is importing your submodules !) JM Auré -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: virtualenvwrapper for Windows (Powershell)
On May 11, 7:43 am, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: > In message > <22cf35af-44d1-43fe-8b90-07f2c6545...@i10g2000yqh.googlegroups.com>, > > Guillermo wrote: > > If you've ever missed it on Windows and you can use Powershell ... > > I thought the whole point of Windows was to get away from this command-line > stuff. Not such a good idea after all? I suppose it depends. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unittest basics
import unittest
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_my_import(self):
import blah
cheers,
Chris
John Maclean wrote:
is there a way to test that a certian library or module is or can be
loaded successfully?
self.assert('import blah')
--
Simplistix - Content Management, Batch Processing & Python Consulting
- http://www.simplistix.co.uk
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to measure speed improvements across revisions over time?
On 08:13 pm, m...@tplus1.com wrote: I know how to use timeit and/or profile to measure the current run-time cost of some code. I want to record the time used by some original implementation, then after I rewrite it, I want to find out if I made stuff faster or slower, and by how much. Other than me writing down numbers on a piece of paper on my desk, does some tool that does this already exist? If it doesn't exist, how should I build it? http://github.com/tobami/codespeed sounds like the kind of thing you're looking for. You can see an example of what it does at http://speed.pypy.org/ Jean-Paul Matt -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: virtualenvwrapper for Windows (Powershell)
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 1:43 AM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: > In message > <22cf35af-44d1-43fe-8b90-07f2c6545...@i10g2000yqh.googlegroups.com>, > Guillermo wrote: >> If you've ever missed it on Windows and you can use Powershell ... > I thought the whole point of Windows was to get away from this command-line > stuff. Not such a good idea after all? The whole point of Windows was to make money for Microsoft. Microsoft can be criticized for many things but a mindless devotion to principle is not one of them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
reading xml from python
I'm looking for at way to read (and later write) small simple .xml file from Python. e.g. I would like to read the following from a small ini.xml file into a dictionary. default False False UBMlight True I would prefer a relative simple (not too much creating new classes) way to do this. Any suggestions appreciated. :-) Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Picking a license
On 05/11/10 20:24, Paul Boddie wrote: > On 10 Mai, 17:01, Patrick Maupin wrote: >> >> I'll be charitable and assume the fact that you can make that >> statement without apparent guile merely means that you haven't read >> the post I was referring to: >> >> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html > > Of course I have read it, and not just recently either. But this is a > position paper by the author of the licence, and it doesn't mean that > someone who has written a GPL-licensed library completely agrees with > that position. And anyway, it's a case of "take it or leave it" - it's > not like the author or the FSF are sneaking stuff into every product > and every corner of the market and then telling you that you can't > "unchoose" their stuff. Come on, 99% of the projects released under GPL did so because they don't want to learn much about the law; they just need to release it under a certain license so their users have some legal certainty. Most programmers are not lawyers and don't care about the law and don't care about the GPL; if a commercial programmer want to use the GPL-code in an incompatible licensed program, and he comes up asking, many would just be happy to say yes. Most people release their code in GPL just because it's popular, not for the exact clauses in it. Heck, many people that releases code in GPL might not actually have read the full license. Only big GPL projects have the resources to waste on a lawyer. And only very big projects have the resources to waste on enforcing the license they uses. The rest of us just don't care. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reading xml from python
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 5:54 AM, Hvidberg, Martin wrote:
> I'm looking for at way to read (and later write) small simple .xml file from
> Python.
>
> e.g. I would like to read the following from a small ini.xml file into a
> dictionary.
>
>
>
>
> default
> False
> False
> UBMlight
> True
>
>
> I would prefer a relative simple (not too much creating new classes) way to
> do this.
from xml.etree.ElementTree import ElementTree
tree = ElementTree()
tree.parse("ini.xml")
as_dictionary = dict((child.tag, child.text) for child in tree.getchildren())
Writing is left as an exercise for another poster.
Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reading xml from python
On May 11, 2010, at 8:54 AM, Hvidberg, Martin wrote: I'm looking for at way to read (and later write) small simple .xml file from Python. e.g. I would like to read the following from a small ini.xml file into a dictionary. default False False UBMlight True I would prefer a relative simple (not too much creating new classes) way to do this. Any suggestions appreciated. Hej Martin, Did you look in the standard library? ElementTree in the XML section of the standard library will do what you want. There are several other choices there if you don't like that. bye Philip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
urllib.urlopen blocking?
Hi,
I'm new to python and have been playing around with it for a few days
now. So please forgive me if this is a stupid question :)
I've tried writing a little application with pygtk and urllib. When a
button is clicked I create a new thread that opens an URL with urllib.
The new thread is running but as soon as I call
urllib.urlopen("https://someurl";, postdata) it blocks. It blocks until
I do something in the interface (e.g. click another button). I've
obviously missed something here. The interface should not interfere
with anything that runs in an other thread!?
Here are a few extracts from my code:
def send_message(self, widget, data=None):
# This is called when the button is clicked ...
threading.Thread(target=message.send).start() ...
def send(self):
# This is executed in its own thread
...
postdata = urllib.urlencode(data) # This line is the last one
executed
resp = urllib.urlopen('https://theurl', postdata)
Regards, Dominik.
--
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Re: lame sphinx questions [Was: lame epydoc questions]
On May 11, 3:54 am, Jean-Michel Pichavant
wrote:
> I remember trying using Sphinx for auto documented APIs, but it was not
> suitable at that time. You can include API docs generated from the code,
> but you still need to write the docs around.
> If I'm correct, Sphinx is one of the best tool to document public APIs.
> However to build internal documentation with everything from interfaces
> to implementations, epydoc is still the best, it builds everything with
> no additional writing, just press the button.
Ah, thanks. We are all about writing '''doc strings''', then ripping
them to form documentation that we DO intend someone to READ and USE!
Now the problem with epydoc is it uses a persnickety text markup
language that...
- throws a syntax error & reverts to when the wind blows
- demands all kinds of extra markup, such as @param
- uses >3 different kinds of escapes, @, L{}, &
- has no developer tests to speak of
I'm all about cross-linking and transcluding, and I wanted to upgrade
epydoc to do it, so I need to make sure that all those issues are
going to be either worth our time to fix or work around, and I didn't
overlook some better system.
--
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Re: urllib.urlopen blocking?
On Tue, 11 May 2010 06:22:29 -0700 (PDT) Dominik Gabi wrote: > > I'm new to python and have been playing around with it for a few days > now. So please forgive me if this is a stupid question :) > > I've tried writing a little application with pygtk and urllib. For the record, have you tried calling gobject.threads_init() at the beginning of your application (just after importing all modules)? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extract all words that begin with x
In article , Terry Reedy wrote: >On 5/10/2010 5:35 AM, James Mills wrote: >> On Mon, May 10, 2010 at 6:50 PM, Xavier Ho wrote: >>> Have I missed something, or wouldn't this work just as well: >>> >> list_of_strings = ['2', 'awes', '3465sdg', 'dbsdf', 'asdgas'] >> [word for word in list_of_strings if word[0] == 'a'] >>> ['awes', 'asdgas'] >> >> I would do this for completeness (just in case): >> >> [word for word in list_of_strings if word and word[0] == 'a'] >> >> Just guards against empty strings which may or may not be in the list. > > ... word[0:1] does the same thing. All Python programmers should learn >to use slicing to extract a char from a string that might be empty. >The method call of .startswith() will be slower, I am sure. And if it is slower, so what? Using startswith() makes for faster reading of the code for me, and I'm sure I'm not the only one. -- Aahz (a...@pythoncraft.com) <*> http://www.pythoncraft.com/ f u cn rd ths, u cn gt a gd jb n nx prgrmmng. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lame sphinx questions [Was: lame epydoc questions]
Phlip wrote:
On May 11, 3:54 am, Jean-Michel Pichavant
wrote:
I remember trying using Sphinx for auto documented APIs, but it was not
suitable at that time. You can include API docs generated from the code,
but you still need to write the docs around.
If I'm correct, Sphinx is one of the best tool to document public APIs.
However to build internal documentation with everything from interfaces
to implementations, epydoc is still the best, it builds everything with
no additional writing, just press the button.
Ah, thanks. We are all about writing '''doc strings''', then ripping
them to form documentation that we DO intend someone to READ and USE!
Now the problem with epydoc is it uses a persnickety text markup
language that...
- throws a syntax error & reverts to when the wind blows
- demands all kinds of extra markup, such as @param
- uses >3 different kinds of escapes, @, L{}, &
- has no developer tests to speak of
I'm all about cross-linking and transcluding, and I wanted to upgrade
epydoc to do it, so I need to make sure that all those issues are
going to be either worth our time to fix or work around, and I didn't
overlook some better system.
epydoc supports reStructured text markups. AFAIK it's still the best doc
builder available for python code. Too bad it is not maintained since 2
years and the 3.0 release.
If there was any effort to provide however, I think it would be on
sphinx so it would allow building the complete doc from python code. As
written in the doc, it's currently half-automated.
JM
--
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Re: Picking a license
On 11 Mai, 15:00, Lie Ryan wrote: > > Come on, 99% of the projects released under GPL did so because they > don't want to learn much about the law; they just need to release it > under a certain license so their users have some legal certainty. Yes, this is frequently the case. And the GPL does offer some certainty that various permissive licences do not. > Most programmers are not lawyers and don't care about the law and don't care > about the GPL; if a commercial programmer want to use the GPL-code in an > incompatible licensed program, and he comes up asking, many would just > be happy to say yes. Yes, quite possibly. I did mention this myself elsewhere. > Most people release their code in GPL just because it's popular, not for > the exact clauses in it. Heck, many people that releases code in GPL > might not actually have read the full license. Yes, this is also probably the case for a number of people. Although many probably understand the principles of the licence and feel that it represents their wishes most accurately. > Only big GPL projects have the resources to waste on a lawyer. And only > very big projects have the resources to waste on enforcing the license > they uses. The rest of us just don't care. Well, that's always an option as well, but at the same time, there are people willing to pursue licence violations, and these people have done so successfully. There's no need to make an impassioned argument for apathy, though. Some people do wish to dictate what others can do with their work. Or are you trying to make another point here? That people would choose something other than the GPL if only they "knew better", perhaps? Since the FSF goes out of its way to list lots of Free Software licences, GPL-compatible or otherwise, and those other licences aren't exactly secret anyway, I hardly think there's a conspiracy at work. Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
Terry, > ... word[0:1] does the same thing. All Python programmers should learn to > use slicing to extract a char from a string that might be empty. Is there an equivalent way to slice the last char from a string (similar to an .endswith) that doesn't raise an exception when a string is empty? Thanks, Malcolm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: urllib.urlopen blocking?
> For the record, have you tried calling gobject.threads_init() at the > beginning of your application (just after importing all modules)? I haven't... now it works, thanks :) Any tips on how to avoid mistakes like that in the future? I'm somewhat confused as to how I was supposed to get this out of the documentation... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
Lawrence D'Oliveiro writes: > I thought the opposite of “functional” was “procedural”, not “imperative”. > The opposite to the latter is “declarative”. But (nearly) all procedural > languages also have declarative constructs, not just imperative ones > (certainly Python does). Presumably an “imperative” language would not. Offhand I can't tell that imperative and procedural mean something different. Both basically mean that the programmer specifies a series of steps for the computer to carry out. Functional languages are mostly declarative; for example, an expression like x = 3 is called an "equation" rather than an "assignment". It declares "x is equal to 3", rather than directing x to be set to 3. If someplace else in the program you say "x = 4", that is an error, normally caught by the compiler, since x cannot be equal to both 3 and 4. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to get Hudson to run unit tests
Thanks again, Stefan. My comments are below. Stefan Behnel wrote: j vickroy, 10.05.2010 17:39: Unfortunately, when "Hudson Build now" is performed, the Hudson Console output, for this job, is: Started by user anonymous Updating svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 At revision 3403 no change for svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 since the previous build [workspace] $ python.exe C:\DOCUME~1\JIM~1.VIC\LOCALS~1\Temp\hudson5273111667332806239.sh os.getcwd(): C:\Documents and Settings\jim.vickroy\.hudson\jobs\GOES 13-15 SXI Level-1 Products Generation\workspace os.listdir(os.getcwd()): ['level-1'] [workspace] $ cmd.exe -xe C:\DOCUME~1\JIM~1.VIC\LOCALS~1\Temp\hudson991194264891924641.sh Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\jim.vickroy\.hudson\jobs\GOES 13-15 SXI Level-1 Products Generation\workspace>Recording test results No test report files were found. Configuration error? Finished: FAILURE The second [workspace] section output (above) looks like cmd.exe is being executed with no parameters (i.e., without the "nosetests.exe --where=level-1 --with-xunit --verbose") parameter. No, what Hudson actually does, is, it writes your command(s) into a text file and runs it with the system's shell interpreter (which, unless otherwise configured, is "cmd.exe" on Windows). This is not the behavior I am experiencing on my Windows XP Pro (Service Pack 3) workstation. If I do not specify "C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe" for "Manage Hudson | Configuration System | Shell | Shell executable", the "Console output" after a "Build now" is: - Started by user anonymous Updating svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 At revision 3417 no change for svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 since the previous build [workspace] $ sh -xe C:\DOCUME~1\JIM~1.VIC\LOCALS~1\Temp\hudson869574722591302824.sh The system cannot find the file specified FATAL: command execution failed java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "sh" (in directory "C:\Documents and Settings\jim.vickroy\.hudson\jobs\GOES 13-15 SXI Level-1 Products Generation\workspace"): CreateProcess error=2, The system cannot find the file specified at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(Unknown Source) at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.(Proc.java:149) at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.(Proc.java:121) at hudson.Launcher$LocalLauncher.launch(Launcher.java:636) at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.start(Launcher.java:271) at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.join(Launcher.java:278) at hudson.tasks.CommandInterpreter.perform(CommandInterpreter.java:83) at hudson.tasks.CommandInterpreter.perform(CommandInterpreter.java:58) at hudson.tasks.BuildStepMonitor$1.perform(BuildStepMonitor.java:19) at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.perform(AbstractBuild.java:584) at hudson.model.Build$RunnerImpl.build(Build.java:174) at hudson.model.Build$RunnerImpl.doRun(Build.java:138) at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.run(AbstractBuild.java:416) at hudson.model.Run.run(Run.java:1244) at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:46) at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:88) at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:122) Caused by: java.io.IOException: CreateProcess error=2, The system cannot find the file specified at java.lang.ProcessImpl.create(Native Method) at java.lang.ProcessImpl.(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(Unknown Source) ... 17 more Recording test results Finished: FAILURE - Note Hudson is looking for "sh". This assures the highest possible compatibility with the executed script. You can even use the shebang in Hudson's scripts that way, so that you can execute scripts in basically any scripting language. The likely reason why it doesn't find your test results is that you didn't tell it where to look. Actually, Hudson is not finding the tests results because they are not being generated. There is no "nosetests.xml" file anywhere on my hard drive (except in the Recycle Bin from my explicit executions of the "nosetests.exe --where=level-1 --with-xunit --verbose" command). This is why I thought Hudson was not executing the above nosetests.exe command (specified in "*job* | Configure | Build | Execute shell | command". Put a wildcard path into the unit test config box that finds the XML files that nosetest writes. It's also best to tell nosetest where to put them explicitly using a command line option. Stefan Thanks again for your continued interest.
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
On May 10, 8:18 pm, a...@pythoncraft.com (Aahz) wrote: > saying that functional features > are "tacked on" understates the case. Consider how frequently people > reach for list comps and gen exps. Function dispatch through dicts is > the standard replacement for a switch statement. Lambda callbacks are > common. Etc, etc, etc Just to play devil's advocate, I will notice that list comps and gen exps are not really functional (a generator has a state that changes at each call of next). A functional language would use streams instead. Function dispatch through dicts is very lame compared to pattern matching. Lambdas are restricted. There is no tail call optimization. Definitively Python functional features are "tacked on" with respect to a language defined to be functional. Having said that, the functional features are still usable and one can use a functional style in Python if she wants to (module a few caveats). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: urllib.urlopen blocking?
On Tue, 11 May 2010 07:35:52 -0700 (PDT) Dominik Gabi wrote: > > For the record, have you tried calling gobject.threads_init() at the > > beginning of your application (just after importing all modules)? > > I haven't... now it works, thanks :) Any tips on how to avoid mistakes > like that in the future? I'm somewhat confused as to how I was > supposed to get this out of the documentation... I'm afraid I don't know the answer. I'm not a pygtk expert at all, I just remember that I had to do that in one of my applications long ago, otherwise pygtk doesn't support Python threads properly. Regards Antoine. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extract all words that begin with x
Aahz ha scritto: In article , Terry Reedy wrote: On 5/10/2010 5:35 AM, James Mills wrote: On Mon, May 10, 2010 at 6:50 PM, Xavier Ho wrote: Have I missed something, or wouldn't this work just as well: list_of_strings = ['2', 'awes', '3465sdg', 'dbsdf', 'asdgas'] [word for word in list_of_strings if word[0] == 'a'] ['awes', 'asdgas'] I would do this for completeness (just in case): [word for word in list_of_strings if word and word[0] == 'a'] Just guards against empty strings which may or may not be in the list. ... word[0:1] does the same thing. All Python programmers should learn to use slicing to extract a char from a string that might be empty. The method call of .startswith() will be slower, I am sure. And if it is slower, so what? Using startswith() makes for faster reading of the code for me, and I'm sure I'm not the only one. also, what if the OP intended "words that begin with x" with x a string (as opposed to a single character) ? then startswith is the solution methinks... bye -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to get Hudson to run unit tests
j vickroy, 11.05.2010 16:46: > Stefan Behnel wrote: No, what Hudson actually does, is, it writes your command(s) into a text file and runs it with the system's shell interpreter (which, unless otherwise configured, is "cmd.exe" on Windows). This is not the behavior I am experiencing on my Windows XP Pro (Service Pack 3) workstation. Then setting the "Shell executable" to "cmd.exe" will do the right thing here. This assures the highest possible compatibility with the executed script. You can even use the shebang in Hudson's scripts that way, so that you can execute scripts in basically any scripting language. ... although the shebang isn't really supported by cmd.exe, I guess ... The likely reason why it doesn't find your test results is that you didn't tell it where to look. Actually, Hudson is not finding the tests results because they are not being generated. There is no "nosetests.xml" file anywhere on my hard drive That's why I told you to configure nosetest to use an specific output path for the unit test file. Thanks again for your continued interest. I quickly got Hudson to retrieve job source from our subversion repository so I thought it would be equally easy to get Hudson to run the unit tests, but that has proven to be difficult, and so far I do not know how to diagnose this since it seems there is no way to prevent Hudson from immediately deleting the temporary scripts it generates. Which is ok, since it prints what it does during the script execution, and the scripts contain nothing more than what you typed in. Does nosetest produce an XML file when you call it manually from the command line? Is nosetest.exe in your PATH, so that the cmd.exe that Hudson starts can find it? Personally, I'd always step into the target directory before running a command, so I'd make the script cd level-1 nosetest.exe ... Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Iterating over dict and removing some elements
Hi!
I wrote a simple loop like this:
d = {}
...
for k in d:
if some_condition(d[k]):
d.pop(k)
If I run this, Python complains that the dictionary size changed during
iteration. I understand that the iterator relies on the internal structure
not changing, but how would I structure this loop otherwise?
My first approach was to simply postpone removing the elements, but I was
wondering if there was a more elegant solution.
Thanks!
Uli
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Re: Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
pyt...@bdurham.com ha scritto: Terry, ... word[0:1] does the same thing. All Python programmers should learn to use slicing to extract a char from a string that might be empty. Is there an equivalent way to slice the last char from a string (similar to an .endswith) that doesn't raise an exception when a string is empty? could it be: word[len(word)-1:] ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating over dict and removing some elements
Ulrich Eckhardt ha scritto:
Hi!
I wrote a simple loop like this:
d = {}
...
for k in d:
if some_condition(d[k]):
d.pop(k)
If I run this, Python complains that the dictionary size changed during
iteration. I understand that the iterator relies on the internal structure
not changing, but how would I structure this loop otherwise?
my first thought (untested):
use a copy of d for the if clause, then pop from the original.
bye
--
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PyMPI comm.gather problem
Hi I have run into a serious problem with PyMPI (Python bindings for the Message Passing Interface). Unfortunately I can not provide any example code as it is a massive program (38,000+ lines) and it is very difficult to break the program down due to multiple inheritance. When I run the program (on multiple nodes), there is a linear increase in time per iteration. Every 1,500 iterations, it gains a tenth of a second per iteration. I timed different regions of my code which were engaged in messaging (broadcasting and gathering) and I found the increase to be in a gather statement, much like so IO_list=self.comm.gather(IO,root=0) each iteration this single command requires more and more time to pass information. I checked the size of IO being sent from every node (including root node) and it always remains constant. I also checked the size of the IO_list, and it too is always constant. Furthermore, I added a sleep(5) command before the line to make sure it was not a synchronization issue. Has anyone got any possible ideas as to what could possibly be going wrong? Cheers Peyman Askari -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating over dict and removing some elements
Or you copy the whole dictionary or you just copy the keys: for k in d.keys(): ... or for k in list(d): ... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating over dict and removing some elements
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 11:08 AM, Ulrich Eckhardt
wrote:
> My first approach was to simply postpone removing the elements, but I was
> wondering if there was a more elegant solution.
Iterate over something other than the actual dictionary, like this:
d = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
for k in d.keys():
if d[k] == 'two':
d.pop(k)
--
Jerry
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Re: unable to get Hudson to run unit tests
Stefan Behnel wrote: j vickroy, 11.05.2010 16:46: > Stefan Behnel wrote: No, what Hudson actually does, is, it writes your command(s) into a text file and runs it with the system's shell interpreter (which, unless otherwise configured, is "cmd.exe" on Windows). This is not the behavior I am experiencing on my Windows XP Pro (Service Pack 3) workstation. Then setting the "Shell executable" to "cmd.exe" will do the right thing here. This assures the highest possible compatibility with the executed script. You can even use the shebang in Hudson's scripts that way, so that you can execute scripts in basically any scripting language. ... although the shebang isn't really supported by cmd.exe, I guess ... The likely reason why it doesn't find your test results is that you didn't tell it where to look. Actually, Hudson is not finding the tests results because they are not being generated. There is no "nosetests.xml" file anywhere on my hard drive That's why I told you to configure nosetest to use an specific output path for the unit test file. OK, I will do this and report back. Thanks again for your continued interest. I quickly got Hudson to retrieve job source from our subversion repository so I thought it would be equally easy to get Hudson to run the unit tests, but that has proven to be difficult, and so far I do not know how to diagnose this since it seems there is no way to prevent Hudson from immediately deleting the temporary scripts it generates. Which is ok, since it prints what it does during the script execution, and the scripts contain nothing more than what you typed in. Yes, and I am not seeing the nosetests.exe command listed anywhere in the Hudson console output. This is why I do not think Hudson is executing it. Does nosetest produce an XML file when you call it manually from the command line? Yes it does. The exact same command (specified for the Hudson job) works perfectly from a Windows console. Is nosetest.exe in your PATH, so that the cmd.exe that Hudson starts can find it? Yes, it is. "C:\Python26\Scripts" is in PATH and that is where "nosetests.exe" is. Personally, I'd always step into the target directory before running a command, so I'd make the script cd level-1 nosetest.exe ... OK, I will try this. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating over dict and removing some elements
superpollo ha scritto:
Ulrich Eckhardt ha scritto:
Hi!
I wrote a simple loop like this:
d = {}
...
for k in d:
if some_condition(d[k]):
d.pop(k)
If I run this, Python complains that the dictionary size changed during
iteration. I understand that the iterator relies on the internal
structure
not changing, but how would I structure this loop otherwise?
my first thought (untested):
use a copy of d for the if clause, then pop from the original.
bye
i mean:
>>> d = {"name":"max","surname":"zanardi","nick":"zanna"}
>>> dc = copy.copy(d)
>>> dc
{'nick': 'zanna', 'surname': 'zanardi', 'name': 'max'}
>>> for k in dc:
... if dc[k].startswith("z"):
... d.pop(k)
...
'zanna'
'zanardi'
>>> d
{'name': 'max'}
>>> dc
{'nick': 'zanna', 'surname': 'zanardi', 'name': 'max'}
>>>
bye
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Re: Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 10:37 AM, wrote: > Is there an equivalent way to slice the last char from a string (similar > to an .endswith) that doesn't raise an exception when a string is empty? If you use negative indexes in the slice, they refer to items from the end of the sequence instead of the front. So slicing the last character from the string would be: word[-1:] -- Jerry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to get Hudson to run unit tests
Stefan Behnel wrote: j vickroy, 11.05.2010 16:46: > Stefan Behnel wrote: No, what Hudson actually does, is, it writes your command(s) into a text file and runs it with the system's shell interpreter (which, unless otherwise configured, is "cmd.exe" on Windows). This is not the behavior I am experiencing on my Windows XP Pro (Service Pack 3) workstation. Then setting the "Shell executable" to "cmd.exe" will do the right thing here. This assures the highest possible compatibility with the executed script. You can even use the shebang in Hudson's scripts that way, so that you can execute scripts in basically any scripting language. ... although the shebang isn't really supported by cmd.exe, I guess ... The likely reason why it doesn't find your test results is that you didn't tell it where to look. Actually, Hudson is not finding the tests results because they are not being generated. There is no "nosetests.xml" file anywhere on my hard drive That's why I told you to configure nosetest to use an specific output path for the unit test file. Thanks again for your continued interest. I quickly got Hudson to retrieve job source from our subversion repository so I thought it would be equally easy to get Hudson to run the unit tests, but that has proven to be difficult, and so far I do not know how to diagnose this since it seems there is no way to prevent Hudson from immediately deleting the temporary scripts it generates. Which is ok, since it prints what it does during the script execution, and the scripts contain nothing more than what you typed in. Does nosetest produce an XML file when you call it manually from the command line? Is nosetest.exe in your PATH, so that the cmd.exe that Hudson starts can find it? Personally, I'd always step into the target directory before running a command, so I'd make the script cd level-1 nosetest.exe ... Stefan Here are the Hudson job | Configure | Execute shell | Command inputs: -- cd level-1 dir nosetests.exe --with-xunit --xunit-file=nosetests.xml --verbose -- #!python.exe print 'FOOO' import os ; print 'os.getcwd():',os.getcwd(); print 'os.listdir(os.getcwd()):',os.listdir(os.getcwd()) -- and here is the Hudson Console Output: -- Started by user anonymous Updating svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 At revision 3417 no change for svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 since the previous build [workspace] $ C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe -xe C:\DOCUME~1\JIM~1.VIC\LOCALS~1\Temp\hudson2208088016039194869.sh Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\jim.vickroy\.hudson\jobs\GOES 13-15 SXI Level-1 Products Generation\workspace>[workspace] $ python.exe C:\DOCUME~1\JIM~1.VIC\LOCALS~1\Temp\hudson6398132145818001258.sh os.getcwd(): C:\Documents and Settings\jim.vickroy\.hudson\jobs\GOES 13-15 SXI Level-1 Products Generation\workspace os.listdir(os.getcwd()): ['level-1'] Recording test results No test report files were found. Configuration error? Finished: FAILURE -- There is no nosetests.xml file anywhere on my hard drive (except as previously noted in the Recycle Bin). From the above Console Output, I see no evidence that the nosetests.exe command was ever executed. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
Superpollo, > word[len(word)-1:] Perfect! Thank you, Malcolm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
Jerry, > If you use negative indexes in the slice, they refer to items from the end of > the sequence instead of the front. So slicing the last character from the > string would be: > > word[-1:] Perfect! Thank you, Malcolm -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
plot debugging problem
Hi friends pls help with debugging problem the mutter is: during debugging the debug processes stacks when fig is created for example, in code import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import * x= 23; y = 11; print(23456) plt.plot(range(10)) plot([1,2,3]) show() print() a=888 it is impossible after show() to continue debug as stated in Beginning Python Visualization - Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts (2009) page 187 Note If you’re not using matplotlib interactively in Python, be sure to call the function show() after all graphs have been generated, as it enters a user interface main loop that will stop execution of the rest of your code. The reason behind this behavior is that matplotlib is designed to be embedded in a GUI as well. In Windows, if you’re working from interactive Python, you need only issue show() once; close the figures (or figures) to return to the shell. Subsequent plots will be drawn automatically without issuing show(), and you’ll be able to plot graphs interactively. Best Regards Sandy _ Hotmail: Free, trusted and rich email service. https://signup.live.com/signup.aspx?id=60969-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
graphs in Python during debugging
Hi friends Can you help pls to find how to plot graphs in Python during debugging without destroying figures to continue to debug the mutter is: during debugging the debug processes stacks when fig is created for example, in code import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import * x= 23; y = 11; print(23456) plt.plot(range(10)) plot([1,2,3]) show() print() a=888 it is impossible after show() to continue debug as stated in Beginning Python Visualization - Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts (2009) page 187 Note If you’re not using matplotlib interactively in Python, be sure to call the function show() after all graphs have been generated, as it enters a user interface main loop that will stop execution of the rest of your code. The reason behind this behavior is that matplotlib is designed to be embedded in a GUI as well. In Windows, if you’re working from interactive Python, you need only issue show() once; close the figures (or figures) to return to the shell. Subsequent plots will be drawn automatically without issuing show(), and you’ll be able to plot graphs interactively. Best Regards Sandy _ Your E-mail and More On-the-Go. Get Windows Live Hotmail Free. https://signup.live.com/signup.aspx?id=60969-- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
On Wed, May 12, 2010 at 2:01 AM, wrote: >> word[len(word)-1:] This works just as well: >>> word[-1:] cheers James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Slice last char from string without raising exception on empty string (Re: Extract all words that begin with x)
James Mills ha scritto: On Wed, May 12, 2010 at 2:01 AM, wrote: word[len(word)-1:] This works just as well: word[-1:] d'uh. ;-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unable to get Hudson to run unit tests
j vickroy, 11.05.2010 17:42: Here are the Hudson job | Configure | Execute shell | Command inputs: -- cd level-1 dir nosetests.exe --with-xunit --xunit-file=nosetests.xml --verbose -- #!python.exe print 'FOOO' import os ; print 'os.getcwd():',os.getcwd(); print 'os.listdir(os.getcwd()):',os.listdir(os.getcwd()) -- and here is the Hudson Console Output: -- Started by user anonymous Updating svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 At revision 3417 no change for svn://vm-svn/GOES data processing/trunk/GOES/13,14,15/SXI/level-1 since the previous build [workspace] $ C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe -xe C:\DOCUME~1\JIM~1.VIC\LOCALS~1\Temp\hudson2208088016039194869.sh Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\jim.vickroy\.hudson\jobs\GOES 13-15 SXI Level-1 Products Generation\workspace>[workspace] $ python.exe This is telling. It doesn't properly execute the cmd.exe shell. Maybe you have to configure the shell setup somehow to make it accept MS's cmd.exe? Note that cmd.exe isn't really what I'd call a "shell", so you may have to put some work into getting it to run your scripts. You can also try to add a shebang "#!cmd.exe" to the script, it seems like Hudson interprets that by itself. Or execute nosetest from a Python script, just check what the nosetest main script is doing and do the same in a Python script. Disclaimer: I never used Hudson on MS Windows, and I'm happy I don't have to. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem displaying jpgs in Tkinter via PIL
Never mind, I gave up on Tkinter and have switched to wxPython now. Getting jpg images to display in a wx frame worked like a charm... (As I said, I'm very new to Python, so I didn't really know what my options for GUI programming were.) It seems like the ImageTk module on the Enthought distribution on my Mac is broken, but I can't figure out how to fix that. (I wiped my python installations and did a re-install, all to no avail.) As long as I don't need Tkinter for the GUI I'm envisioning, I don't really care however. On 2010-05-10 14:01:10 -0700, Armin said: I'm new to Python and have been playing around with it using the Enthought Python distribution for Mac OS X 10.6.3 (EPD academic license, version 6.1 with python 2.6.4). It's been great learning the basics, but I've started running into problems when I'm trying to use the PIL library with Tkinter. All I'm trying to do is display a JPG as a Tkinter label: It all works fine when I'm just using GIF images through Tkinter's photoimage object, but as soon as I'm trying to convert an image through ImageTk, I get the following error: ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.1/lib/python2.6/site-packages/PIL/_imagingtk.so, 2): Library not loaded: /sys...@rpath/Tcl Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.1/lib/python2.6/site-packages/PIL/_imagingtk.so Reason: image not found I have no idea what that means, but I've always assumed the EPD includes all the stuff that's needed to make Tkinter work with PIL. Any advice would be greatly appreciated. Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problem displaying jpgs in Tkinter via PIL
On Tue, 11 May 2010 09:57:01 -0700 Armin wrote: > Never mind, I gave up on Tkinter and have switched to wxPython now. > Getting jpg images to display in a wx frame worked like a charm... (As > I said, I'm very new to Python, so I didn't really know what my options > for GUI programming were.) You might also want to try PyQT, which is often considered more modern than wxPython (I've never tried it, though). Regards Antoine. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lame sphinx questions [Was: lame epydoc questions]
> epydoc supports reStructured text markups. Oh, good. For a moment there, I thought I'd be stuck with a markup language that was persnickety! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: plot debugging problem
I imagine you have to create a separate thread for it. Just thoughts. On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 6:08 PM, Sandy Sandy wrote: > Hi friends > pls help with debugging problem > the mutter is: > during debugging the debug processes stacks when fig is created > for example, in code > > import random > > import matplotlib.pyplot as plt > from pylab import * > > > x= 23; > y = 11; > print(23456) > plt.plot(range(10)) > > plot([1,2,3]) > show() > > print() > > a=888 > > it is impossible after show() to continue debug > as stated in > Beginning Python Visualization - Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts > (2009) > page 187 > > Note If you’re not using matplotlib interactively in Python, be sure > to call the function show() after all > graphs have been generated, as it enters a user interface main loop > that will stop execution of the rest of > your code. The reason behind this behavior is that matplotlib is > designed to be embedded in a GUI as well. > In Windows, if you’re working from interactive Python, you need only > issue show() once; close the figures > (or figures) to return to the shell. Subsequent plots will be drawn > automatically without issuing show(), and > you’ll be able to plot graphs interactively. > > Best Regards > Sandy > > Hotmail: Free, trusted and rich email service. Get it now. > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > > -- Matteo Landi http://www.matteolandi.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
On 5/11/2010 7:11 AM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: In message<7xvdavd4bq@ruckus.brouhaha.com>, Paul Rubin wrote: Python is a pragmatic language from an imperative tradition ... I thought the opposite of “functional” was “procedural”, not “imperative”. The opposite to the latter is “declarative”. But (nearly) all procedural languages also have declarative constructs, not just imperative ones (certainly Python does). Python has only two: 'global' and now 'nonlocal'. There are also two meta-declarations: the coding cookie (which would/will go away in an entirely unicode world) and future imports (which are effectively temporarily gone in 3.x until needed again). Newbies sometimes trip over def and class being imperative (executable) statments rather than declarations. Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
On 5/11/2010 7:51 AM, Richard Lamboj wrote: I just want to test what is possible with python and what not. There is no problem that i need to solve. This is what i'am searching for: http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html Last year i have stopped programming python, but now i'am back with a big black hole in my brain and i want to understand what the interpreter is doing in the background. I suggest you (re)read and try examples in the Tutorial. It covers the basic syntax pretty well. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
documentation bug? (format spec mini language)
The documentation at http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language '<' Forces the field to be left-aligned within the available space (This is the default.) The conflicting example:: >>> format(3.2,'10.5f') ' 3.2' >>> format(3.2,'<10.5f') '3.2 ' Am I somehow misreading the documentation? Thanks, Alan Isaac -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: plot debugging problem
Well, I cannot tell you how to do that in a precise way, but googling a bit I found this (expecially the second example): http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2008/08/01/matplotlib-with-wxpython-guis/ Take a look also at the Matplotlib cookbook: http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib ps. when you answer back, remember to include the list, or the flow will be cut! On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 7:49 PM, Sandy Sandy wrote: > great!!! > how to do it? > > this way it is not working: > > from pylab import plot,show,close > x = range(10) > plot(x) > from threading import Timer > t = Timer(0, show) > t.start() > > y = [2, 8, 3, 9, 4] > plot(y) > close() > > Best Regards > Sandy > > > > > > > > > > > > > >> From: landima...@gmail.com >> Date: Tue, 11 May 2010 19:46:27 +0200 >> Subject: Re: plot debugging problem >> To: c...@live.com >> CC: python-list@python.org >> >> I imagine you have to create a separate thread for it. Just thoughts. >> >> On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 6:08 PM, Sandy Sandy wrote: >> > Hi friends >> > pls help with debugging problem >> > the mutter is: >> > during debugging the debug processes stacks when fig is created >> > for example, in code >> > >> > import random >> > >> > import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >> > from pylab import * >> > >> > >> > x= 23; >> > y = 11; >> > print(23456) >> > plt.plot(range(10)) >> > >> > plot([1,2,3]) >> > show() >> > >> > print() >> > >> > a=888 >> > >> > it is impossible after show() to continue debug >> > as stated in >> > Beginning Python Visualization - Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts >> > (2009) >> > page 187 >> > >> > Note If you’re not using matplotlib interactively in Python, be sure >> > to call the function show() after all >> > graphs have been generated, as it enters a user interface main loop >> > that will stop execution of the rest of >> > your code. The reason behind this behavior is that matplotlib is >> > designed to be embedded in a GUI as well. >> > In Windows, if you’re working from interactive Python, you need only >> > issue show() once; close the figures >> > (or figures) to return to the shell. Subsequent plots will be drawn >> > automatically without issuing show(), and >> > you’ll be able to plot graphs interactively. >> > >> > Best Regards >> > Sandy >> > >> > Hotmail: Free, trusted and rich email service. Get it now. >> > -- >> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list >> > >> > >> >> >> >> -- >> Matteo Landi >> http://www.matteolandi.net/ > > > Hotmail: Powerful Free email with security by Microsoft. Get it now. -- Matteo Landi http://www.matteolandi.net/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to make this doctest work?
On 5/11/2010 5:29 AM, Xie&Tian wrote: Hello I ran across this accidentally and wonders how to make the doctest in following code snippet work: import doctest def a(): """ >>> a = '\\r\\n' >>> print a No matter how many blank lines I add here, it just can't get enough -_- """ pass doctest.testmod() ps: I want variable "a" to be '\r\n', but python kept telling me ValueError: line 4 of the docstring has inconsistent leading whitespace: "'" Why can't doctest module deal with statement "a='\r\n'"? You should post (copy and paste) entire error messages. The problem is with the print statement, not the assignment. I would prefix the docstring with r instead doubling \s within it. The point of doctest is to imitate what one would get with the interactive interpreter. However, literally entering what you have within the doc string does (3.1) >>> a = '\\r\\n' >>> print(a) \r\n >>> Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Pythonw.exe randomly crashing
Hi, I have a python application I wrote that is randomly crashing, I was wondering if anyone else has ran into this error, or if anyone has any idea about how to fix it. This is currently running under Windows server 2008 R2 x64 in terminal services, with Python 2.6.4 x64 installed. I ran into this problem with previous versions of Python on windows 2003 server running under 32 bit. I have been unable to duplicate the error under a devolvement platform. The application is a simple GUI used for time clock stations on a shop floor; it has a multithreaded GUI which displays some rotating informational images. A Text box that displays a constantly updating clock, and a text box that accepts employee clock number input and one that displays results returned from a background thread that runs a telnet session to a server. I can't really tell you where the error is occurring within the actual code, as it takes days of the application running to happen. Does anyone have any suggestions as to how I can get it to give me more information about the crash? Log Name: Application Source:Application Error Date: 5/6/2010 3:33:40 PM Event ID: 1000 Task Category: (100) Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Description: Faulting application name: pythonw.exe, version: 0.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x4ba3b0d9 Faulting module name: tcl85.dll, version: 8.5.2.2, time stamp: 0x48515e43 Exception code: 0xc005 Fault offset: 0x0005863d Faulting process id: 0xa98 Faulting application start time: 0x01cae87cff98c7c4 Faulting application path: C:\Python26\pythonw.exe Faulting module path: C:\Python26\DLLs\tcl85.dll Report Id: a7a18c68-594e-11df-b65f-005056b55389 Thanks, Dean Weimer Network Administrator Orscheln Management Co -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
default argument
Hi, Is this grammer working in Python? class test: self._value = 10 def func(self, self._value) When i try it, it complains about undefined self. i don't know why. TIA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: default argument
On May 11, 3:06 pm, Back9 wrote: > Hi, > > Is this grammer working in Python? > > class test: > self._value = 10 > def func(self, self._value) > > When i try it, it complains about undefined self. > > i don't know why. > > TIA Sorry here is the what i meant class test: self._value = 10 def func(self, pos = self._value) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: documentation bug? (format spec mini language)
Alan G Isaac wrote: The documentation at http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language '<' Forces the field to be left-aligned within the available space (This is the default.) The conflicting example:: >>> format(3.2,'10.5f') ' 3.2' >>> format(3.2,'<10.5f') '3.2 ' Am I somehow misreading the documentation? It does look misleading. Numbers default to right-aligned, as you discovered. You usually want numbers to be right-aligned so that the decimal points line up when writing a columns of them. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: default argument
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 12:08 PM, Back9 wrote: > On May 11, 3:06 pm, Back9 wrote: >> When i try it, it complains about undefined self. >> >> i don't know why. >> >> TIA > > Sorry > here is the what i meant > class test: > self._value = 10 > def func(self, pos = self._value) You're still defining the class, so how could there possibly be an instance of it to refer to as "self" yet (outside of a method body)? Also, just so you know, default argument values are only evaluated once, at the time the function/method is defined, so `pos = self._value` is never going to work. Do you mean for self._value to be a class variable (Java lingo: static variable), or an instance variable? Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 11:13 AM, Terry Reedy wrote: > On 5/11/2010 7:11 AM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: >> In message<7xvdavd4bq@ruckus.brouhaha.com>, Paul Rubin wrote: >> >>> Python is a pragmatic language from an imperative tradition ... >> >> I thought the opposite of “functional” was “procedural”, not “imperative”. >> The opposite to the latter is “declarative”. But (nearly) all procedural >> languages also have declarative constructs, not just imperative ones >> (certainly Python does). > > Python has only two: 'global' and now 'nonlocal'. > There are also two meta-declarations: the coding cookie (which would/will go > away in an entirely unicode world) and future imports (which are effectively > temporarily gone in 3.x until needed again). > > Newbies sometimes trip over def and class being imperative (executable) > statments rather than declarations. Er, declarative programming has nothing to do with variable declarations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to import a module for global use in a library package ?
On 5/11/2010 8:04 AM, Auré Gourrier wrote: Dear all, I am building a library package of the form: rootlib ---__init__ ---subpackage1 --__init__ --sub1module1 --sub1module2 --... ---subpackage2 -- __init__ --sub2module1 --sub2module2 --... My rootlib.__init__ file contains: __name__= ... __version__ = ... __author__ = ... __author_email__= ... __url__ = ... __description__ = ... import subpackage1 import subpackage2 __all__ = [] __all__.extend(['subpackage1','subpackage2']) My question is the following: I need to import an external package, say numpy, for use in various submodules. So far, I simply do an import numpy as _numpy where needed, say sub1module1 and sub2module2. This means that I import this package a number of times which doesn't seem to be a logical thing to do (?). In the end, I would like to make this module a "global" module for my library. I have a similar package structure and after writing a few submodules, I developed a template that includes common text, including a couple of imports that are usually needed. I also made a backup copy of the template in case I open the template and forget to 'save as ' before just 'save'ing ;-). If I had several such imports, and thought the list might expand, I might make one submodule for imports and then do 'from rootlib.util import importmod as m' in the template. But I have no need now for such. Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: default argument
On May 11, 3:20 pm, Chris Rebert wrote: > On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 12:08 PM, Back9 wrote: > > On May 11, 3:06 pm, Back9 wrote: > > >> When i try it, it complains about undefined self. > > >> i don't know why. > > >> TIA > > > Sorry > > here is the what i meant > > class test: > > self._value = 10 > > def func(self, pos = self._value) > > You're still defining the class, so how could there possibly be an > instance of it to refer to as "self" yet (outside of a method body)? > Also, just so you know, default argument values are only evaluated > once, at the time the function/method is defined, so `pos = > self._value` is never going to work. > > Do you mean for self._value to be a class variable (Java lingo: static > variable), or an instance variable? > > Cheers, > Chris > --http://blog.rebertia.com self._value will be instance variable -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
First Timer
I have downloaded Python and I'm a beginner in every sense. What I want to know now is when I am in Idle and have made a syntax error how do I repair? After the error I can't type in anything and I get this bing noise. Usually I just start idle over again. Thanks to anyone out there who responds. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Iterating over dict and removing some elements
On 5/11/2010 11:29 AM, Jerry Hill wrote:
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 11:08 AM, Ulrich Eckhardt
wrote:
My first approach was to simply postpone removing the elements, but I was
wondering if there was a more elegant solution.
Iterate over something other than the actual dictionary, like this:
d = {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
for k in d.keys():
if d[k] == 'two':
d.pop(k)
This, as written, does not work in 3.1, where d.keys is a view of the
dict. Nor does
for k in filter(lambda k: d[k] == 'two', d):
d.pop(k)
But these do
for k in list(filter(lambda k: d[k] == 'two', d)):
d.pop(k)
for k in [k for k in d if d[k] == 'two']:
d.pop(k)
Rather than make an external list of *all* keys, one only needs to make
a list of keys to be removed, which often will be much smaller.
Terry Jan Reedy
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: inherit from data type
Am Tuesday 11 May 2010 20:16:50 schrieb Terry Reedy: > On 5/11/2010 7:51 AM, Richard Lamboj wrote: > > I just want to test what is possible with python and what not. There is > > no problem that i need to solve. > > > > This is what i'am searching for: > > http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html > > > > Last year i have stopped programming python, but now i'am back with a big > > black hole in my brain and i want to understand what the interpreter is > > doing in the background. > > I suggest you (re)read and try examples in the Tutorial. It covers the > basic syntax pretty well. There are many programming languages, so i have forgotten that python data types are objects and not a "wrapper". So its a little bit confusing that "self" returns the value of the datatype and not something like "self.value". But who cares about logical mistakes in my brain. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: fast regex
On Tue, 11 May 2010 17:48:41 +1200, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: >> I was working with regex on a very large text, really large but I have >> time constrained. > > “Fast regex” is a contradiction in terms. Not at all. A properly-written regexp engine will be limited only by memory bandwidth, provided that the state table fits into the primary cache. > You use regexes when you > want ease of definition and application, not speed. Other way around. > For speed, consider hand-coding your own state machine. Preferably in a > compiled language like C. Or use a decent regexp library. Even if you want to use non-regular expressions (e.g. backreferences), a decent engine will still use a DFA, bactracking only where strictly necessary. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Limitation of os.walk
I want implement a function that walks through a directory tree and performs an analsysis of all the subdirectories found. The task has two essential requirements that, AFAICT, make it impossible to use os.walk for this: 1. I need to be able to prune certain directories from being visited. 2. The analysis on each directory can be performed only after it has been performed on all its subdirectories. Unless I'm missing something, to do (1), os.walk must be run with topdown=True, whereas to do (2) it must be run with topdown=False. Is there a work around that I'm missing? TIA! ~K PS: I never understood why os.walk does not support hooks for key events during such a tree traversal. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: default argument
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 12:41 PM, Back9 wrote: > On May 11, 3:20 pm, Chris Rebert wrote: >> On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 12:08 PM, Back9 wrote: >> > On May 11, 3:06 pm, Back9 wrote: >> >> >> When i try it, it complains about undefined self. >> >> >> i don't know why. >> >> >> TIA >> >> > Sorry >> > here is the what i meant >> > class test: >> > self._value = 10 >> > def func(self, pos = self._value) >> >> You're still defining the class, so how could there possibly be an >> instance of it to refer to as "self" yet (outside of a method body)? >> Also, just so you know, default argument values are only evaluated >> once, at the time the function/method is defined, so `pos = >> self._value` is never going to work. >> >> Do you mean for self._value to be a class variable (Java lingo: static >> variable), or an instance variable? > > self._value will be instance variable class Test(object): def __init__(self): self._value = 10 def func(self, pos=None): if pos is None: pos = self._value #do whatever Using None like this is the idiomatic way to have non-constant or mutable default argument values in Python. I recommend you read the part of the Python tutorial on object-oriented programming: http://docs.python.org/tutorial/classes.html Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: default argument
Back9 wrote: Hi, Is this grammer working in Python? class test: self._value = 10 def func(self, self._value) When i try it, it complains about undefined self. i don't know why. TIA ... not exactly; try: class Test: _value = 10 def func(self): print id(self._value), self._value print id(Test._value), Test._value t = Test() t.func() -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
On 5/11/2010 3:25 PM, Chris Rebert wrote: On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 11:13 AM, Terry Reedy wrote: On 5/11/2010 7:11 AM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: In message<7xvdavd4bq@ruckus.brouhaha.com>, Paul Rubin wrote: Python is a pragmatic language from an imperative tradition ... I thought the opposite of “functional” was “procedural”, not “imperative”. The opposite to the latter is “declarative”. But (nearly) all procedural languages also have declarative constructs, not just imperative ones (certainly Python does). Python has only two: 'global' and now 'nonlocal'. There are also two meta-declarations: the coding cookie (which would/will go away in an entirely unicode world) and future imports (which are effectively temporarily gone in 3.x until needed again). Newbies sometimes trip over def and class being imperative (executable) statments rather than declarations. Er, declarative programming has nothing to do with variable declarations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming I found it hard to get much from the vague description. I will leave it to Lawrence to list what *he* thinks are 'declarative constructs' in Python. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: First Timer
On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 12:28 PM, Donna Lane wrote: > I have downloaded Python and I'm a beginner in every sense. What I want to > know now is when I am in Idle and have made a syntax error how do I repair? > After the error I can't type in > > anything and I get this bing noise. Usually I just start idle over again. You re-type or copy-paste and then fix the line(s) after the new >>> prompt that appears after the SyntaxError message. You can't edit lines you've already run. Also, you can compose an entire file of code and then run the file, rather than working directly at the interactive interpreter (aka shell). File->New Window makes an empty file you can work in; pressing F5 in the file editor window will run the file. Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
On Tue, 11 May 2010 07:36:30 -0700, Paul Rubin wrote: > Offhand I can't tell that imperative and procedural mean something > different. Both basically mean that the programmer specifies a series of > steps for the computer to carry out. Functional languages are mostly > declarative; for example, an expression like >x = 3 > is called an "equation" rather than an "assignment". It declares "x is > equal to 3", rather than directing x to be set to 3. If someplace else in > the program you say "x = 4", that is an error, normally caught by the > compiler, since x cannot be equal to both 3 and 4. In both ML and Haskell, bindings are explicitly scoped, i.e. let x = 3 in ... end(ML) let x = 3 in ...(Haskell) If you bind a variable which is already bound, it introduces a new binding which "overrides" the existing binding. It won't generate an error. The key point is that a variable has a fixed (constant) value at any specific point in the program. The value depends upon which bindings are in scope at that point, and not on the "state" of the variable at a particular point in time. E.g. (Haskell): test y = let x = 3 in let f y = x + y in let x = 5 in f y test 5 8 x has the value 3 at the point that f is defined, so that's the value which is used when f is used. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is Python a functional programming language?
On 05/12/10 05:25, Chris Rebert wrote: > On Tue, May 11, 2010 at 11:13 AM, Terry Reedy wrote: >> On 5/11/2010 7:11 AM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: >>> In message<7xvdavd4bq@ruckus.brouhaha.com>, Paul Rubin wrote: >>> Python is a pragmatic language from an imperative tradition ... >>> >>> I thought the opposite of “functional” was “procedural”, not “imperative”. >>> The opposite to the latter is “declarative”. But (nearly) all procedural >>> languages also have declarative constructs, not just imperative ones >>> (certainly Python does). >> >> Python has only two: 'global' and now 'nonlocal'. >> There are also two meta-declarations: the coding cookie (which would/will go >> away in an entirely unicode world) and future imports (which are effectively >> temporarily gone in 3.x until needed again). >> >> Newbies sometimes trip over def and class being imperative (executable) >> statments rather than declarations. > > Er, declarative programming has nothing to do with variable declarations. > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming > Variable declarations have everything to do with declarative programming. An imperative way to create a variable is to allocate the memory yourself and instead of "variables" you have just registers and the memory; fortunately all popular imperative languages (wisely) picks up declarative syntax from the declarative paradigm. In Python, the regular def/class is a pseudo-declaration, but it is also possible to *imperatively/procedurally* create a class by calling type() and a function by passing a __call__() to type()'s __dict__ argument. A fully declarative language just turn everything into declarations including the "business logic" of the application (and of course, variable declaration). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
