Re: calling php function from python
mark wrote: > is it possible to call a php function from python and use a class from > php in python? i want to use mmslib which creates mms messages and the > only implementation is a php mmslib implementation. You can consider to use some kind of RPC (remote procedure call) for example XML-RPC. This is a platform and language independent solution. Here you have some information: http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO.html http://groups.google.pl/group/comp.lang.python/msg/5a6ae6290593fc97 -- HTH, Rob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python not returning true
"John Machin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] | On Feb 14, 5:45 pm, "agent-s" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: | > btw Steven you are so witty I hope to one day pwn noobs on newsgroups | > too. Sorry, but you are 'pwning' yourself here ;-) | Wit has nothing to do with it. The fact that you are a Python noob is | also irrelevant. Your problem statement was unintelligible, as is your | response. What does "pwn" mean? I believe that it is a misspelling of 'own' used by pvp (person versus person, as opposed to person versus monster) gamers to demonstrate their in-ness. But perhaps agent-s can enlightenment us further. Terry Jan Reedy (occasional, non-elite gamer) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python not returning true
"John Machin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > What does "pwn" mean? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwn -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fast constant functions for Py2.5's defaultdict()
On Feb 13, 5:09 pm, Giovanni Bajo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > The itertools.repeat(const).next approach wins on speed and > > flexibility. > > But it's the most unreadable too. Not really. It's unusual but plenty readable (no surprise that repeat(0) repeatedly gives you zero). I think it more surprising that int() with no arguments gives you a zero. > I'm surprised that defaultdict(int) is > slower than the lambda one though. What's the reason? All that comes to mind is that int() has to call PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords() while the lambda is unburdened by argument passing. Raymond -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recursive calls and stack
En Wed, 14 Feb 2007 04:23:46 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió:
> I am OK with calls being stacked, but I wondering will the local
> variables be stacked given that return statement is followed by the
> function call?
>
> def test():
> x = 22
> y = 33
> z = x+y
> return anotherFunction(z)
>
> In this function will all the local variables (x,y,z) be pushed into
> the stack before calling anotherFunction(z) or Python will find out
> that the locals are no longer needed as anotherFunction(z) is just
> returned?
Not exactly like "pushed into the stack", but there exists a frame object,
and it contains references to its local variables, and will be alive until
anotherFunction returns. From inside anotherFunction you can even inspect
those variables:
py> def test():
... x = 22
... y = 33
... z = x+y
... return anotherFunction(z)
...
py> def anotherFunction(z):
... print "previous frame:", sys._getframe(1).f_locals
...
py> test()
previous frame: {'y': 33, 'x': 22, 'z': 55}
So x,y,z will still be there until anotherFunction actually returns to
test, and the frame object is disposed. For a highly recursive function,
that's bad news. For debugging normal programs, that's good news; the
cgitb module, by example, is able to show the values for local variables
in all previous frames when an exception is raised.
--
Gabriel Genellina
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Re: Recursive calls and stack
On Feb 14, 11:09 am, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > I have a program which literately finds the object that overlapping a > point. The horizontal and vertical search are called recursively from > inside each other. > Is this way of implementation fill thestackspace with the local > variables inside eachcall. If this is not good, is there a better way > to implement? Orpythonitself will understand that the calls happen > in the last line, so local variables need not be pushed into thestack? > > def find_point(pt): > return _hor_search(pt, random_obj) > > def _hor_search(pt, obj): > ... > object = ... > ... > if object meets some condition: > return object > else: > return _ver_search(pt, object) > > def _ver_search(pt, obj): > ... > object = ... > ... > if object meets some condition: > return object > else: > return _hor_search(pt, object) > > - > Suresh I found a simpler solution: get rid of recursive calls; using while loops. - Suresh -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recursive calls and stack
"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] I am OK with calls being stacked, but I wondering will the local variables be stacked given that return statement is followed by the function call? def test(): x = 22 y = 33 z = x+y return anotherFunction(z) In this function will all the local variables (x,y,z) be pushed into the stack before calling anotherFunction(z) or Python will find out that the locals are no longer needed as anotherFunction(z) is just returned? = To add to Gabriel's answer: Questions of this sort are implementation specific. CPython will allocate the objects on the heap. But I believe at present something will go on the C stack with each function call. I suspect that the C array that typically implements the local namespace is included but don't specifically know. The local names are deleted, and the associated heap objects released if that make the reference count 0, as part of the return process. No optimization of the sort you indicate is done. Indeed, the heap objects could have other references, and the namespace array is fixed size, so I am not sure there is anything that could, in general, be done. In any case, Python never deletes without at least implicit instruction to do so. The maximun recursion depth CPython will attempt is governed by an internal variable that you can get and set to adjust to your problem and hardware: >>> sys.getrecursionlimit() 1000 >>> sys.setrecursionlimit(500) >>> sys.getrecursionlimit() 500 Terry Jan Reedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: _ssl.pyd is buggy?
On 14 Feb, 00:17, "Giles Brown" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Something I always found useful is to use the win32traceutil to set up > the trace debugging tool. > You can then see the output in the pythonwin trace collector tool. > This is very useful for > Python services and COM servers. > > Best of luck, > Giles Eh? Wrong thread. Damn the new google groups interface! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fast constant functions for Py2.5's defaultdict()
On Feb 14, 9:11 am, "Raymond Hettinger" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Feb 13, 5:09 pm, Giovanni Bajo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > The itertools.repeat(const).next approach wins on speed and > > > flexibility. > > > But it's the most unreadable too. > > Not really. It's unusual but plenty readable (no surprise that > repeat(0) repeatedly gives you zero). I think it more surprising that > int() with no arguments gives you a zero. Well, if I was doing code review of some of my coworkers I would ask them to use them int if the constant was zero and lambda otherwise. If they wanted to use itertools.repeat(const).next they should prove me that the speed increase is absolutely significant in their actual use case and they should put a big comment in the code explaining why they preferred the cryptic defaultdict(itertools.repeat(0).next) over the obvious defaultdict(int). Michele Simionato -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: calling php function from python
Rob Wolfe wrote:
>
> mark wrote:
>> is it possible to call a php function from python and use a class from
>> php in python? i want to use mmslib which creates mms messages and the
>> only implementation is a php mmslib implementation.
>
> You can consider to use some kind of RPC (remote procedure call)
> for example XML-RPC. This is a platform and language independent
> solution.
> Here you have some information:
> http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO.html
> http://groups.google.pl/group/comp.lang.python/msg/5a6ae6290593fc97
For a quickstart it's probably easier to run the PHP code using the CGI
version of the PHP interpreter. E.g.
os.system('/usr/bin/php mms.php')
or using the subprocess module, if you want to pass some data to the script
(using stdin/out).
As long as no remote PHP server is involved this is easier and perhaps even
faster than the RPC approach...
--
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Email: pink at odahoda dot de
WWW: http://pink.odahoda.de/
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Re: python not returning true
On Feb 14, 7:02 pm, "Terry Reedy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > "John Machin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message > > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > > | On Feb 14, 5:45 pm, "agent-s" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > | > btw Steven you are so witty I hope to one day pwn noobs on newsgroups > | > too. > > Sorry, but you are 'pwning' yourself here ;-) And the referent of "you" would be .? > > | Wit has nothing to do with it. The fact that you are a Python noob is > | also irrelevant. Your problem statement was unintelligible, as is your > | response. What does "pwn" mean? > > I believe that it is a misspelling of 'own' used by pvp (person versus > person, as opposed to person versus monster) gamers to demonstrate their > in-ness. But perhaps agent-s can enlightenment us further. So "enlightenment" has been verbed, has it? I didn't realise that the language had been transitioned so far :-) Cheers, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python not returning true
On Feb 14, 2007, at 3:08 AM, John Machin wrote:
> So "enlightenment" has been verbed, has it? I didn't realise that the
> language had been transitioned so far :-)
*ALL* nouns may be verbed ;-)
-michael
---
# Something just doesn't seem right in those
# "Every kiss begins with 'K'" commercials.
>>> 'Every Kiss'.startswith('K')
False
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Re: c++ for python programmers
Sam <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> skriver: > On 13 Feb 2007 17:51:00 GMT, Jorgen Grahn ><[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Well, C++ is a better language than C in many ways. So, if he needs to learn >> one of them, why does it have to be C? >> >> Another reason some people choose C++ over Python for some tasks is that >> they feel that larger programs benefit from strong, static type checking. >> I like both ways, but depending on the task, one or the other is better. > > C++ is -not- strongly typed. You can cast anything to void *, and > manipulate it in ways unimaginable. Plus there's the whole mess that > is pointer arithmetic and a weak typesystem... C++ can be both, The type systenm is as fragila as you like it to be. I mainlty use c++ when i the need stronger typing that Python och C can't give me. In some ways it's even stronger types than languanges as Java and ObjectiveC. C++ it however at least four different languanges, in one ball of soupe. And yes you can do it, that doesn't mean you have to dio it. As _functions in python or __, you can use them from anyware, you don't have to. / Balp -- http://anders.arnholm.nu/Keep on Balping -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[no subject]
(dancing stripper on your dekstop free) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Segmentation faults using threads
>
> What module are you using for SSH?
>
> What's in your program that isn't pure Python?
> The problem is probably in some non-Python component; you shouldn't
> be able to force a memory protection error from within Python code.
>
It looks like the error could be in scipy/Numeric, when a large array's
type is changed, like this:
>>> from scipy import *
>>> a=zeros(1,'b') #100 MiB
>>> b=a.copy().astype('d') #800 MiB, ok
>>> a=zeros(10,'b')#1GiB
>>> b=a.copy().astype('d') #8GiB, fails with sf
Segmentation fault
if I use zeros directly for allocation of the doubles it works as expected:
>>> from scipy import *
>>> a=zeros(10,'d')#8GiB, fails with python exception
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in ?
MemoryError: can't allocate memory for array
>>>
I use python 2.4, but my scipy and Numeric aren't quite up-to-date:
scipy version 0.3.2, Numeric v 24.2
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Re: searching a list of lists as a two-dimensional array?
On Feb 12, 1:27 am, "agent-s" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Basically I'm programming a board game and I have to use a list of > lists to represent the board (a list of 8 lists with 8 elements each). > I have to search the adjacent cells for existing pieces and I was > wondering how I would go about doing this efficiently. Thanks def iter_grid(cols): i=0 while True: yield divmod(i,cols) i += 1 def iter_adjacents(row, col): gen = iter_grid(3) for i in range(9): x, y = gen.next() if x == 1 and y ==1: continue else: yield row - x + 1, col - y + 1 def make_grid_dict(rows, cols): return dict( zip(iter_grid(cols), ['#'] * (rows*cols)) ) def make_adjacent_list(row, col, row_length, col_length): ret = [] for x, y in iter_adjacents(row, col): if x > -1 and y > -1 and x < row_length and y < col_length: ret.append((x,y)) return ret grid = make_grid_dict(8, 8) adjacents = dict(grid) for x,y in sorted(adjacents.keys()): adjacents[x,y] = make_adjacent_list(x, y, 8, 8) print '(%s, %s) - %s ' % (x, y, adjacents[x,y] (0, 0) - [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)] (0, 1) - [(1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 2), (0, 0)] (0, 2) - [(1, 3), (1, 2), (1, 1), (0, 3), (0, 1)] (0, 3) - [(1, 4), (1, 3), (1, 2), (0, 4), (0, 2)] (0, 4) - [(1, 5), (1, 4), (1, 3), (0, 5), (0, 3)] (0, 5) - [(1, 6), (1, 5), (1, 4), (0, 6), (0, 4)] (0, 6) - [(1, 7), (1, 6), (1, 5), (0, 7), (0, 5)] (0, 7) - [(1, 7), (1, 6), (0, 6)] (1, 0) - [(2, 1), (2, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0)] (1, 1) - [(2, 2), (2, 1), (2, 0), (1, 2), (1, 0), (0, 2), (0, 1), (0, 0)] (1, 2) - [(2, 3), (2, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (1, 1), (0, 3), (0, 2), (0, 1)] (1, 3) - [(2, 4), (2, 3), (2, 2), (1, 4), (1, 2), (0, 4), (0, 3), (0, 2)] (1, 4) - [(2, 5), (2, 4), (2, 3), (1, 5), (1, 3), (0, 5), (0, 4), (0, 3)] (1, 5) - [(2, 6), (2, 5), (2, 4), (1, 6), (1, 4), (0, 6), (0, 5), (0, 4)] (1, 6) - [(2, 7), (2, 6), (2, 5), (1, 7), (1, 5), (0, 7), (0, 6), (0, 5)] (1, 7) - [(2, 7), (2, 6), (1, 6), (0, 7), (0, 6)] (2, 0) - [(3, 1), (3, 0), (2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)] (2, 1) - [(3, 2), (3, 1), (3, 0), (2, 2), (2, 0), (1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 0)] (2, 2) - [(3, 3), (3, 2), (3, 1), (2, 3), (2, 1), (1, 3), (1, 2), (1, 1)] (2, 3) - [(3, 4), (3, 3), (3, 2), (2, 4), (2, 2), (1, 4), (1, 3), (1, 2)] (2, 4) - [(3, 5), (3, 4), (3, 3), (2, 5), (2, 3), (1, 5), (1, 4), (1, 3)] (2, 5) - [(3, 6), (3, 5), (3, 4), (2, 6), (2, 4), (1, 6), (1, 5), (1, 4)] (2, 6) - [(3, 7), (3, 6), (3, 5), (2, 7), (2, 5), (1, 7), (1, 6), (1, 5)] (2, 7) - [(3, 7), (3, 6), (2, 6), (1, 7), (1, 6)] (3, 0) - [(4, 1), (4, 0), (3, 1), (2, 1), (2, 0)] (3, 1) - [(4, 2), (4, 1), (4, 0), (3, 2), (3, 0), (2, 2), (2, 1), (2, 0)] (3, 2) - [(4, 3), (4, 2), (4, 1), (3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 3), (2, 2), (2, 1)] (3, 3) - [(4, 4), (4, 3), (4, 2), (3, 4), (3, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (2, 2)] (3, 4) - [(4, 5), (4, 4), (4, 3), (3, 5), (3, 3), (2, 5), (2, 4), (2, 3)] (3, 5) - [(4, 6), (4, 5), (4, 4), (3, 6), (3, 4), (2, 6), (2, 5), (2, 4)] (3, 6) - [(4, 7), (4, 6), (4, 5), (3, 7), (3, 5), (2, 7), (2, 6), (2, 5)] (3, 7) - [(4, 7), (4, 6), (3, 6), (2, 7), (2, 6)] (4, 0) - [(5, 1), (5, 0), (4, 1), (3, 1), (3, 0)] (4, 1) - [(5, 2), (5, 1), (5, 0), (4, 2), (4, 0), (3, 2), (3, 1), (3, 0)] (4, 2) - [(5, 3), (5, 2), (5, 1), (4, 3), (4, 1), (3, 3), (3, 2), (3, 1)] (4, 3) - [(5, 4), (5, 3), (5, 2), (4, 4), (4, 2), (3, 4), (3, 3), (3, 2)] (4, 4) - [(5, 5), (5, 4), (5, 3), (4, 5), (4, 3), (3, 5), (3, 4), (3, 3)] (4, 5) - [(5, 6), (5, 5), (5, 4), (4, 6), (4, 4), (3, 6), (3, 5), (3, 4)] (4, 6) - [(5, 7), (5, 6), (5, 5), (4, 7), (4, 5), (3, 7), (3, 6), (3, 5)] (4, 7) - [(5, 7), (5, 6), (4, 6), (3, 7), (3, 6)] (5, 0) - [(6, 1), (6, 0), (5, 1), (4, 1), (4, 0)] (5, 1) - [(6, 2), (6, 1), (6, 0), (5, 2), (5, 0), (4, 2), (4, 1), (4, 0)] (5, 2) - [(6, 3), (6, 2), (6, 1), (5, 3), (5, 1), (4, 3), (4, 2), (4, 1)] (5, 3) - [(6, 4), (6, 3), (6, 2), (5, 4), (5, 2), (4, 4), (4, 3), (4, 2)] (5, 4) - [(6, 5), (6, 4), (6, 3), (5, 5), (5, 3), (4, 5), (4, 4), (4, 3)] (5, 5) - [(6, 6), (6, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6), (5, 4), (4, 6), (4, 5), (4, 4)] (5, 6) - [(6, 7), (6, 6), (6, 5), (5, 7), (5, 5), (4, 7), (4, 6), (4, 5)] (5, 7) - [(6, 7), (6, 6), (5, 6), (4, 7), (4, 6)] (6, 0) - [(7, 1), (7, 0), (6, 1), (5, 1), (5, 0)] (6, 1) - [(7, 2), (7, 1), (7, 0), (6, 2), (6, 0), (5, 2), (5, 1), (5, 0)] (6, 2) - [(7, 3), (7, 2), (7, 1), (6, 3), (6, 1), (5, 3), (5, 2), (5, 1)] (6, 3) - [(7, 4), (7, 3), (7, 2), (6, 4), (6, 2), (5, 4), (5, 3), (5, 2)] (6, 4) - [(7, 5), (7, 4), (7, 3), (6, 5), (6, 3), (5, 5), (5, 4), (5, 3)] (6, 5) - [(7, 6), (7, 5), (7, 4), (6, 6), (6, 4), (5, 6), (5, 5), (5, 4)] (6, 6) - [(7, 7), (7, 6), (7, 5), (6, 7), (6, 5), (5, 7), (5, 6), (5, 5)] (6, 7) - [(7, 7), (7, 6), (6, 6), (5, 7), (5, 6)] (7, 0) - [(7, 1), (6, 1), (6, 0)] (7, 1) - [(7, 2), (7, 0), (6, 2), (6, 1), (6, 0)] (7, 2) - [(7, 3), (7, 1), (6, 3), (6, 2), (6, 1)] (7, 3) - [(7, 4), (7, 2), (6, 4), (6, 3), (6, 2)] (7, 4) - [(7, 5), (7, 3), (6, 5), (6,
Re: calling php function from python
mark wrote: > is it possible to call a php function from python and use a class from > php in python? i want to use mmslib which creates mms messages and the > only implementation is a php mmslib implementation. Do yourself - and the python community... :) - a favor and just translate the mmslib code to python. It is easy and straightforward todo. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: c++ for python programmers
On Feb 14, 12:26 am, Sam <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: [...] > C++ is -not- strongly typed. You can cast anything to void *, and > manipulate it in ways unimaginable. Plus there's the whole mess that > is pointer arithmetic and a weak typesystem... The previous poster wrote "strongly typed", not "a straight jacket". The fact that you may do certain things doesn't mean that you have to nor that they are going to be done to you against your will. > Disclaimer: I am unashamedly in the "C++ Is Evil" camp, and wholly > believe that if you want proper strong, static type checking, use > Haskell, or if you want proper, complete object-orientation (C++'s > primitive types compromise its object system's integrity, and I > believe I've already discussed casting and pointers), use Python, and > if you want under-the-hood pointer-fu, use C. The trouble is that in addition to proper, strong, static type checking people often also want their daily bread, fancy that. As to the merits of complete object orientation, I'd like to hear about them, because nobody managed to explain them to me in a satisfactory way yet. There are many valid reasons to dislike C++ and to prefer Python to it, but dismissing it as "C++ Is Evil" is just plain stupid. Moreover, C might be a valid competitor for small projects and it probably covers most Pythonistas' needs for "closeness to the metal", but it just doesn't scale. Cheers, Nicola Musatti -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: c++ for python programmers
Hi Thomas On Feb 12, 6:00 pm, "Thomas Nelson" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I realize I'm approaching this backwards from the direction most > people go, but does anyone know of a good c/c++ introduction for > python programmers? > They are not particularly aimed at Python programmers, but Bruce Eckel's "Thinking in C++" books are (a) excellent, and (b) freely downloadable, as well as purchasable in book form: http://www.mindview.net/ Bruce is a python fan FWIW ;-) HTH Jon N -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python not returning true
Michael Bentley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> # Something just doesn't seem right in those
> # "Every kiss begins with 'K'" commercials.
>
> >>> 'Every Kiss'.startswith('K')
> False
>>> kisses = ["kiss", "kiss", "kiss", "kiss", "kiss"]
>>> kisses == [kiss for kiss in kisses
...if kiss.startswith("k")]
True
Happy St. Valentine's Day, everyone.
--
\ "Experience is that marvelous thing that enables you to |
`\ recognize a mistake when you make it again." -- Franklin P. |
_o__)Jones |
Ben Finney
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replacing substrings within strings
Hi
I was wondering if there was a nicer way to swap the first 2
characters in a string with the 4th and 5th characters other than:
darr=list("010203040506")
aarr=darr[:2]
barr=darr[4:6]
darr[:2]=barr
darr[4:6]=aarr
result="".join(darr)
The above code works fine but I was wondering if anybody had another
way of doing this?
A
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
amadain wrote:
> Hi
> I was wondering if there was a nicer way to swap the first 2
> characters in a string with the 4th and 5th characters other than:
>
> darr=list("010203040506")
> aarr=darr[:2]
> barr=darr[4:6]
> darr[:2]=barr
> darr[4:6]=aarr
> result="".join(darr)
>
> The above code works fine but I was wondering if anybody had another
> way of doing this?
You can do it like this:
darr=list("010203040506")
darr[:2], darr[4:5] = darr[4:6], darr[:2]
result="".join(darr)
print result
Diez
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
Le mercredi 14 février 2007 13:08, amadain a écrit :
> darr=list("010203040506")
> aarr=darr[:2]
> barr=darr[4:6]
> darr[:2]=barr
> darr[4:6]=aarr
> result="".join(darr)
>
> The above code works fine but I was wondering if anybody had another
> way of doing this?
Why not :
In [4]: s="010203040506"
In [5]: print s[4:6] + s[2:4] + s[0:2] + s[6:]
030201040506
?
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_
Maric Michaud
_
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3 place des tapis
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Tel: +33 426 880 097
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
On Feb 14, 1:08 pm, "amadain" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I was wondering if there was a nicer way to swap the first 2
> characters in a string with the 4th and 5th characters other than:
>
> darr=list("010203040506")
> aarr=darr[:2]
> barr=darr[4:6]
> darr[:2]=barr
> darr[4:6]=aarr
> result="".join(darr)
>
> The above code works fine but I was wondering if anybody had another
> way of doing this?
Assuming the string length is always at least 5:
def swap(s):
return '%s%s%s%s' % (s[3:6], s[2:3], s[:2], s[6:])
--
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
On Feb 14, 12:16 pm, "Diez B. Roggisch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> amadain wrote:
> > Hi
> > I was wondering if there was a nicer way to swap the first 2
> > characters in a string with the 4th and 5th characters other than:
>
> > darr=list("010203040506")
> > aarr=darr[:2]
> > barr=darr[4:6]
> > darr[:2]=barr
> > darr[4:6]=aarr
> > result="".join(darr)
>
> > The above code works fine but I was wondering if anybody had another
> > way of doing this?
>
> You can do it like this:
>
> darr=list("010203040506")
> darr[:2], darr[4:5] = darr[4:6], darr[:2]
> result="".join(darr)
> print result
>
> Diez
Thats the same code. I was wondering if the string manipulation can be
done without an excursion into the list world.
A
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Re: Tkinter: how; newbie
jim-on-linux wrote:
> On Tuesday 13 February 2007 18:02, Gigs_ wrote:
>> can someone explain me this code?
>>
>> from Tkinter import *
>>
>> root = Tk()
>>
>> def callback(event):
>> print "clicked at", event.x, event.y
>>
>> frame = Frame(root, width=100, height=100)
>> frame.bind("", callback)
>> frame.pack()
>>
>> root.mainloop()
>>
> if you live on longititude 32, wrere is that?
> If you live on latitude 40 and longitiude 32 I can
> find that location.
>
> Your mouse is pointing to x, and y, which is
> simply a location on the screen.
>
I know that, Matimus has explained what I didn't get
but thx anyway
>
>> well, my problem is at frame.bind(",Button-1>",
>> callback) callback function prints event.x and
>> event.y. How the callback function get this two
>> number when it has only one argument (event)
>> Why its not: def callback(x, y): print x, y
>>
>> Im new to gui programming
>>
>> Sorry for bad eng!
>>
>> Thanks for replay!
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
amadain <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I was wondering if there was a nicer way to swap the first 2
>characters in a string with the 4th and 5th characters other than:
>
>darr=list("010203040506")
>aarr=darr[:2]
>barr=darr[4:6]
>darr[:2]=barr
>darr[4:6]=aarr
>result="".join(darr)
darr=list("010203040506")
darr[:2], darr[4:6] = darr[4:6], darr[:2]
result = "".join(darr)
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her nu becomeþ se bera eadward ofdun hlæddre heafdes bæce bump bump bump
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
Or, slighly slower, but more general: def swap(s, order=(3,4,2,0,1)): # assert len(s) >= len(order) return ''.join([s[o] for o in order]) + s[6:] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WindowsNT user authentication
Another question, I'm sorry. Do you got any idea about how to get permissions of a file/directory given the username? For example: I would like to know if C:\my_file.ext is readable/ writable by user 'x' or not. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Parsing HTML
mtuller wrote:
> Alright. I have tried everything I can find, but am not getting
> anywhere. I have a web page that has data like this:
>
>
>
> LETTER
>
> 33,699
>
> 1.0
>
>
>
> What is show is only a small section.
>
> I want to extract the 33,699 (which is dynamic) and set the value to a
> variable so that I can insert it into a database. I have tried parsing
> the html with pyparsing, and the examples will get it to print all
> instances with span, of which there are a hundred or so when I use:
>
> for srvrtokens in printCount.searchString(printerListHTML):
> print srvrtokens
>
> If I set the last line to srvtokens[3] I get the values, but I don't
> know grab a single line and then set that as a variable.
>
> I have also tried Beautiful Soup, but had trouble understanding the
> documentation, and HTMLParser doesn't seem to do what I want. Can
> someone point me to a tutorial or give me some pointers on how to
> parse html where there are multiple lines with the same tags and then
> be able to go to a certain line and grab a value and set a variable's
> value to that?
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> Mike
>
>
Posted problems rarely provide exhaustive information. It's just not
possible. I have been taking shots in the dark of late suggesting a
stream-editing approach to extracting data from htm files. The
mainstream approach is to use a parser (beautiful soup or pyparsing).
Often times nothing more is attempted than the location and
extraction of some text irrespective of page layout. This can sometimes
be done with a simple regular expression, or with a stream editor if a
regular expression gets too unwieldy. The advantage of the stream editor
over a parser is that it doesn't mobilize an arsenal of unneeded
functionality and therefore tends to be easier, faster and shorter to
implement. The editor's inability to understand structure isn't a
shortcoming when structure doesn't matter and can even be an advantage
in the presence of malformed input that sends a parser on a tough and
potentially hazardous mission for no purpose at all.
SE doesn't impose the study of massive documentation, nor the
memorization of dozens of classes, methods and what not. The following
four lines would solve the OP's problem (provided the post really is all
there is to the problem):
>>> import re, SE# http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SE/2.3
>>> Filter = SE.SE (' "~(?i)col[0-9]_[0-9](.|\n)*?/td>~==SOME
SPLIT MARK"')
>>> r = re.compile ('(?i)(col[0-9]_[0-9])(.|\n)*?([0-9,]+)>> for line in Filter (s).split ('SOME SPLIT MARK'):
print r.search (line).group (1, 3)
('col2_1', '33,699')
('col3_1', '0')
('col4_1', '7,428')
---
Input:
>>> s = '''
LETTER
33,699
1.0
7,428
'''
The SE object handles file input too:
>>> for line in Filter ('file_name', '').split ('SOME SPLIT MARK'): #
'' commands string output
print r.search (line).group (1, 3)
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Re: WindowsNT user authentication
billie wrote: > Another question, I'm sorry. > Do you got any idea about how to get permissions of a file/directory > given the username? > For example: I would like to know if C:\my_file.ext is readable/ > writable by user 'x' or not. This is an unfortunately messy question. The easiest answer -- and I'm quite serious -- might be to have the user *try* to read it and to catch the exception. Quite apart from the mildly labyrinthine techniques for determining object security, you face a potential race condition: by the time you've tested and got your answer, someone could have changed the permissions. Unlikely, you'll admit, but possible enough to the try-except approach attractive. There are some examples of file security both in the CHM which comes with the pywin32 extensions and in the demos folder, on my machine: c:\python24\lib\site-packages\win32\demos\security I was going to start explaining win32 security terms in this reply, but perhaps I won't unless the try-it-and-see approach advocated above doesn't work! HTH somewhat TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WindowsNT user authentication
Tim Golden wrote: > billie wrote: >> Another question, I'm sorry. >> Do you got any idea about how to get permissions of a file/directory >> given the username? >> For example: I would like to know if C:\my_file.ext is readable/ >> writable by user 'x' or not. > > This is an unfortunately messy question. I'm sorry; that probably came out wrong. What I meant was that, although the question was perfectly intelligible, the answer is going to be more complex than you probably expected ;) TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: replacing substrings within strings
> Thats the same code. I was wondering if the string manipulation can be > done without an excursion into the list world. That's the price to pay for immutable strings. If you have to to lots of stuff like that, then keep things a list, and join only when you need the result as a string. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WindowsNT user authentication
On 14 Feb, 14:30, Tim Golden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Tim Golden wrote: > > billie wrote: > >> Another question, I'm sorry. > >> Do you got any idea about how to get permissions of a file/directory > >> given the username? > >> For example: I would like to know if C:\my_file.ext is readable/ > >> writable by user 'x' or not. > > > This is an unfortunately messy question. > > I'm sorry; that probably came out wrong. What I meant > was that, although the question was perfectly intelligible, > the answer is going to be more complex than you probably > expected ;) > > TJG No problem about that. ;) I'll try to check demos folder then let you know something about it. Thanks again. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: c++ for python programmers
On 2007-02-13, Sam <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On 13 Feb 2007 17:51:00 GMT, Jorgen Grahn ><[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Well, C++ is a better language than C in many ways. So, if he >> needs to learn one of them, why does it have to be C? >> >> Another reason some people choose C++ over Python for some >> tasks is that they feel that larger programs benefit from >> strong, static type checking. I like both ways, but depending >> on the task, one or the other is better. > > C++ is -not- strongly typed. You can cast anything to void *, > and manipulate it in ways unimaginable. Plus there's the whole > mess that is pointer arithmetic and a weak typesystem... Don't forget the lack of standard garbage collection. Also there's the hell known as exception safety. Python conceptually has many of the same issues with exception safety, but at least memory leaks aren't one of the consequences. I imagine most Python programmers don't even think about exception safety, but probably should be. We just happily raise exceptions willy-nilly, without worrying about our objects remaining in a reasonable state. Or do we? Maybe it's better not to think about it. ;-) > Disclaimer: I am unashamedly in the "C++ Is Evil" camp, and > wholly believe that if you want proper strong, static type > checking, use Haskell, or if you want proper, complete > object-orientation (C++'s primitive types compromise its object > system's integrity, and I believe I've already discussed > casting and pointers), use Python, and if you want > under-the-hood pointer-fu, use C. C++'s standard library seems such a huge win over the C library, that I'd hate to switch back. Of course it has its warts and cancers, but it's an awesome accomplishment. And you *can* get harder-to-use C versions that are basically portable. -- Neil Cerutti A billion here, a billion there, sooner or later it adds up to real money. --Everett Dirksen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Recursive calls and stack
On 2007-02-14, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > En Wed, 14 Feb 2007 03:09:37 -0300, [EMAIL PROTECTED] ><[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió: >> Is this way of implementation fill the stack space with the >> local variables inside each call. If this is not good, is >> there a better way to implement? Or python itself will >> understand that the calls happen in the last line, so local >> variables need not be pushed into the stack? > > I'm afraid not, the calls will be stacked until some object is > found. Python does not do "tail recursion optimization" (at > least, I'm not aware of that). To be just a little pedantic, it's "tail call optimization". Any tail call can be optimized, not just recursive ones. > But even if it could do that, in this case you have recursive > calls between two functions, and that's a bit harder. So the effect is that mutual recursion isn't actually any harder. Moreover, if his functions calls really are tail-calls, then translating them by hand into iteration might be fairly easy. A simple, silly example: def sum(seq): if len(seq) == 0: return 0 else: return seq[0] + sum(seq[1:]) Above, sum is not a tail call, since the + operation must be "defered" until after the call to sum returns. Below, sum is a tail call. def sum(seq, accum=0): if len(seq) == 0: return accum else: return sum(seq[1:], accum+s[0]) Since no state must be retained by sum when calling sum, it's a tail call. The last version translates more or less directly into a dumb while loop. I don't believe Python does tail call optimization; at least it isn't document that it does it. -- Neil Cerutti The audience is asked to remain seated until the end of the recession. --Church Bulletin Blooper -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to print the variable?
Hi,
am am a Python beginner with Java knowledge background. Infact I need to use
Jython.
My first beginner question is how to determine of what type a variable is?
In program which supports Jython there is a variable called "rc" available. I
can use the methods on that variable like rc.logMessage("hello"). But if I try
to execute "print "${rc}" it tells me "Invalid variable syntax for attribute
'code' with value 'print "${rc}".'
In Java I can print any variable. What I want is to do something like
variable.getClass().getName(). Can this be done with that rc variable in
Python/Jython scripts?
Then I would know how to instantiate the rc variable.
I apologize for my beginner questions. I should read more or get a teaching,
but the last I won't get and for the first I have not so much time.
Thanks in advance.
-
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in 45,000 destinations on Yahoo! Travel to find your fit.--
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
Diez B. Roggisch:
> That's the price to pay for immutable strings.
Right, but CPython has array.array("c") too. Using Diez Roggisch's
code:
>>> from array import array
>>> arrs = array("c", "010203040506")
>>> arrs[:2], arrs[4:5] = arrs[4:6], arrs[:2]
>>> arrs.tostring()
'0302013040506'
Using such arrays is useful if you have to do lot of processing before
the final tostring().
Bye,
bearophile
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Re: How to print the variable?
Hans Schwaebli wrote: > Hi, > > am am a Python beginner with Java knowledge background. Infact I need to > use Jython. > > My first beginner question is how to determine of what type a variable is? Let v be the var, 'print type(v)' should* work. [* I've never used Jython before]. You can print any variable using the 'print' statement. If you want to be pedantic, surround the variable name with the str() built-in. Cristiano -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to print the variable?
On Wed, 14 Feb 2007 05:47:31 -0800 (PST), Hans Schwaebli <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
>Hi,
>
> am am a Python beginner with Java knowledge background. Infact I need to use
> Jython.
>
> My first beginner question is how to determine of what type a variable is?
>
> In program which supports Jython there is a variable called "rc" available.
> I can use the methods on that variable like rc.logMessage("hello"). But if I
> try to execute "print "${rc}" it tells me "Invalid variable syntax for
> attribute 'code' with value 'print "${rc}".'
print rc
print dir(rc)
print type(rc)
help(rc)
http://python.org/doc/tut/
Jean-Paul
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
Thanks all. I usually turn strings into arrays for processing. I was looking to see if that was the best way to do it from others that use python. No one else uses python in my company so its nice to get different points of view from other python users from lists like this. A -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: replacing substrings within strings
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Diez B. Roggisch:
>> That's the price to pay for immutable strings.
>
> Right, but CPython has array.array("c") too. Using Diez Roggisch's
> code:
Ahhh, ze arrayz. I alwayz forget about the arrayz.
Diez
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Re: How to print the variable?
On Feb 14, 8:00 am, Jean-Paul Calderone <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Wed, 14 Feb 2007 05:47:31 -0800 (PST), Hans Schwaebli <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> wrote:
> >Hi,
>
> > am am a Python beginner with Java knowledge background. Infact I need to
> > use Jython.
>
> > My first beginner question is how to determine of what type a variable is?
>
> > In program which supports Jython there is a variable called "rc"
> > available. I can use the methods on that variable like
> > rc.logMessage("hello"). But if I try to execute "print "${rc}" it tells me
> > "Invalid variable syntax for attribute 'code' with value 'print "${rc}".'
>
> print rc
> print dir(rc)
> print type(rc)
> help(rc)
>
> http://python.org/doc/tut/
>
> Jean-Paul
print "The variable rc has the value %s" % rc
print "The variable rc has the value %(rc)s" % locals()
-- Paul
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Re: replacing substrings within strings
On Feb 14, 6:08 am, "amadain" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi
> I was wondering if there was a nicer way to swap the first 2
> characters in a string with the 4th and 5th characters other than:
>
> darr=list("010203040506")
> aarr=darr[:2]
> barr=darr[4:6]
> darr[:2]=barr
> darr[4:6]=aarr
> result="".join(darr)
>
> The above code works fine but I was wondering if anybody had another
> way of doing this?
>
> A
"4th and 5th characters" -> darr[4:6]
You must be referring to the leading '0' as the 0th character, then.
-- Paul
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Re: Scripting Visio using Python
Paul Watson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > I would like to create some additional shapes in Microsoft Visio using > the Python language. It would appear that Visio can use any CLR > language. Has anyone done this? Can I use the Python package from > python.org, or must I use IronPython? An alternative might be to work (cross-platform) wit the vxd (XML) file format. A good reader/writer for that would be handy. -- Harry George PLM Engineering Architecture -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python not returning true
On 2007-02-14, Terry Reedy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >| Wit has nothing to do with it. The fact that you are a Python noob is >| also irrelevant. Your problem statement was unintelligible, as is your >| response. What does "pwn" mean? > > I believe that it is a misspelling of 'own' used by pvp (person versus > person, as opposed to person versus monster) gamers to demonstrate their > in-ness. But perhaps agent-s can enlightenment us further. Mis-spelling things is witty now? Wow. I've been witty all these years and didn't even know it... -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! I'm EXCITED!! I want at a FLANK STEAK WEEK-END!! I visi.comthink I'm JULIA CHILD!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
multi processes
Hi Heres a poser. I want to start a program 4 times at exactly the same time (emulating 4 separate users starting up the same program). I am using pexpect to run the program from 4 separate locations accross the network. How do I start the programs running at exactly the same time? I want to time how long it takes each program to complete and to show if any of the program initiations failed. I also want to check for race conditions. The program that I am running is immaterial for this question - it could be mysql running queries on the same database for example. Using threading, you call start() to start each thread but if I call start on each instance in turn I am not starting simultaneously. A -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
I'm trying to write rot13, but to do it in a better and more Pythonic
style than I'm currrently using. What would you reckon to the
following pretty ugly thing? How would you improve it? In
particular, I don't like the way a three-way selection is done by
nesting two binary selections. Also I dislike stating the same
algorithm twice, but can't see how to parameterise them neatly.
Yes, I know of .encode() and .translate().
No, I don't actually need rot13 itself, it's just a convenient
substitute example for the real job-specific task.
No, I don't have to do it with lambdas, but it would be nice if the
final function was a lambda.
#!/bin/python
import string
lc_rot13 = lambda c : (chr((ord(c) - ord('a') + 13) % 26 + ord('a')))
uc_rot13 = lambda c : (chr((ord(c) - ord('A') + 13) % 26 + ord('A')))
c_rot13 = lambda c : (((c, uc_rot13(c)) [c in
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ']), lc_rot13(c) )[c in
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz']
rot13 = lambda s : string.join([ c_rot13(c) for c in s ],'')
print rot13( 'Sybevk Tenohaqnr, Fcyhaqvt ihe guevtt' )
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Re: threading and multicores, pros and cons
On Feb 13, 9:07 pm, Maric Michaud <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I've heard of a bunch of arguments to defend python's choice of GIL, but I'm > not quite sure of their technical background, nor what is really important > and what is not. These discussions often end in a prudent "python has made a > choice among others"... which is not really convincing. Well, INAG (I'm not a Guru), but we recently had training from a Guru. When we brought up this question, his response was fairly simple. Paraphrased for inaccuracy: "Some time back, a group did remove the GIL from the python core, and implemented locks on the core code to make it threadsafe. Well, the problem was that while it worked, the necessary locks it made single threaded code take significantly longer to execute." He then proceeded to show us how to achieve the same effect (multithreading python for use on multi-core computers) using popen2 and stdio pipes. FWIW, ~G -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading and multicores, pros and cons
On Feb 14, 1:33 am, Maric Michaud <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > At this time, it 's not easy to explain him that python > is notflawed compared to Java, and that he will not > regret his choice in the future. Database adaptors such as psycopg do release the GIL while connecting and exchanging data. Apache's MPM (multi processing module) can run mod_python and with that multiple python instances as separate processes thus avoiding the global lock as well. > plone install up and running, he will immediately compare it to > J2EE wonder why he should pay a consultant to make it work properly. I really doubt that any performance difference will be due to the global interpreter lock. This not how things work. You most certainly have far more substantial bottlenecks in each application. i. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: multi processes
On Feb 14, 7:53 am, "amadain" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi > Heres a poser. I want to start a program 4 times at exactly the same > time (emulating 4 separate users starting up the same program). I am > using pexpect to run the program from 4 separate locations accross the > network. How do I start the programs running at exactly the same time? > I want to time how long it takes each program to complete and to show > if any of the program initiations failed. I also want to check for > race conditions. The program that I am running is immaterial for this > question - it could be mysql running queries on the same database for > example. Using threading, you call start() to start each thread but if > I call start on each instance in turn I am not starting > simultaneously. > A Standard answers about starting anything at *exactly* the same time aside, I would expect that the easiest answer would be to have a fifth controlling program in communication with all four, which can then send a start message over sockets to each of the agents at the same time. There are several programs out there which can already do this. One example, Grinder, is designed for this very use (creating concurrent users for a test). It's free, uses Jython as it's scripting language, and even is capable of keeping track of your times for you. IMO, it's worth checking out. http://grinder.sourceforge.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: multi processes
On Feb 14, 3:32 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > On Feb 14, 7:53 am, "amadain" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > Hi > > Heres a poser. I want to start a program 4 times at exactly the same > > time (emulating 4 separate users starting up the same program). I am > > using pexpect to run the program from 4 separate locations accross the > > network. How do I start the programs running at exactly the same time? > > I want to time how long it takes each program to complete and to show > > if any of the program initiations failed. I also want to check for > > race conditions. The program that I am running is immaterial for this > > question - it could be mysql running queries on the same database for > > example. Using threading, you call start() to start each thread but if > > I call start on each instance in turn I am not starting > > simultaneously. > > A > > Standard answers about starting anything at *exactly* the same time > aside, I would expect that the easiest answer would be to have a fifth > controlling program in communication with all four, which can then > send a start message over sockets to each of the agents at the same > time. > > There are several programs out there which can already do this. One > example, Grinder, is designed for this very use (creating concurrent > users for a test). It's free, uses Jython as it's scripting language, > and even is capable of keeping track of your times for you. IMO, it's > worth checking out. > > http://grinder.sourceforge.net Thank you. I'll check that out. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
You could try "some_string".encode('rot_13')
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How much memory used by a name
Hello, I would like to know if there is a way to know how much memory (bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc) a name is using. More specifically, I have this list of strings that I want to write to a file as lines. This list grows througout the script execution, and toward the end, the file is written. However I would like to know how much memory, before writing to the file, is this list using. Is it possible at all? Thanks Bernard -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: c++ for python programmers
On Feb 14, 2:41 pm, Neil Cerutti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: [...] > Don't forget the lack of standard garbage collection. Optional garbage collection is highly likely to be included in the next C++ standard, due out in a couple of years. > Also there's the hell known as exception safety. > > Python conceptually has many of the same issues with exception > safety, but at least memory leaks aren't one of the consequences. > I imagine most Python programmers don't even think about > exception safety, but probably should be. We just happily raise > exceptions willy-nilly, without worrying about our objects > remaining in a reasonable state. Or do we? Maybe it's better not > to think about it. ;-) On the other hand having everything dynamically allocated prevents the adoption of deterministic destruction, which is a far better clean up mechanism than try/finally clauses. In modern C++ standard containers and smart pointers help solve most memory related problems. I'm aware that most is not the same as all, but on the other hand garbage collection has it's problems too: depending on the algorithm it may not be able to reclaim all the unreachable memory and forgetting to explicitly reset variables may lead to hanging to memory that is really not needed anymore. Cheers, Nicola Musatti -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANN: py lib 0.9.0: py.test, distributed execution, microthreads ...
py lib 0.9.0: py.test, distributed execution, greenlets and more
==
Welcome to the 0.9.0 py lib release - a library aiming to
support agile and test-driven python development on various levels.
Main API/Tool Features:
* py.test: cross-project testing tool with many advanced features
* py.execnet: ad-hoc code distribution to SSH, Socket and local sub processes
* py.magic.greenlet: micro-threads on standard CPython ("stackless-light")
* py.path: path abstractions over local and subversion files
* rich documentation of py's exported API
* tested against Linux, OSX and partly against Win32, python 2.3-2.5
All these features and their API have extensive documentation,
generated with the new "apigen", which we intend to make accessible
for other python projects as well.
Download/Install: http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.0/download.html
Documentation/API: http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.0/index.html
Work on the py lib has been partially funded by the
European Union IST programme and by http://merlinux.de
within the PyPy project.
best, have fun and let us know what you think!
Holger Krekel, Maciej Fijalkowski,
Guido Wesdorp, Carl Friedrich Bolz
--
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RE: [pywin32] - Excel COM problem
"Characters" is a parameterized property. So you can't call it without a
generated wrapper.
see inside the wrapper:
# Result is of type Characters
# The method GetCharacters is actually a property, but must be
used as a method to correctly pass the arguments
def GetCharacters(self, Start=defaultNamedOptArg,
Length=defaultNamedOptArg):
so in your case:
xlsapp = gencache.EnsureDispatch("Excel.Application")
wb = xlsapp.Workbooks.Add()
sheet = wb.Sheets[0]
myShape = sheet.Shapes.AddShape(1, 315, 200, 400, 300)
myShape.Select()
xlsapp.Selection.Characters.Text = finalText[0:200]
xlsapp.Selection.GetCharacters(200).Insert(finalText[200:400])
excelfile = "Hello.xls"
wb.SaveAs(excelfile)
wb.Close()
xlsapp.Quit()
Stefan
> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On
> Behalf Of Andrea Gavana
> Sent: Friday, February 09, 2007 9:59 PM
> To: python-list@python.org
> Subject: [pywin32] - Excel COM problem
>
> Hi All,
>
>I have a very simple python script that tries to put a
> rectangular shape in a worksheet and then add some text
> inside that shape. The main problem, is that as usual Excel
> doesn't like input strings longer than 200 and something
> characters. So, by just recording a macro in Excel, I tried
> to append the text in the shape by dividing it in chunks. For
> example, I tried this little script:
>
> #--
> from win32com.client import Dispatch
>
> finalText = "A"*1250
>
> xlsapp = Dispatch("Excel.Application")
> wb = xlsapp.Workbooks.Add()
> sheet = wb.Sheets[0]
>
> myShape = sheet.Shapes.AddShape(1, 315, 200, 400, 300)
> myShape.Select()
>
> xlsapp.Selection.Characters.Text = finalText[0:200]
> xlsapp.Selection.Characters(200).Insert(finalText[200:400])
>
> excelfile = "Hello.xls"
> wb.SaveAs(excelfile)
> wb.Close()
> xlsapp.Quit()
>
> #--
>
> And it crashes with an impossible error:
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "D:\MyProjects\pywin32.py", line 13, in
>xlsapp.Selection.Characters(200).Insert(finalText[200:400])
> File
> "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py",
> line 172, in __call__
>return
> self._get_good_object_(self._oleobj_.Invoke(*allArgs),self._olerepr_.
> defaultDispatchName,None)
> pywintypes.com_error: (-2147352573, 'Member not found.', None, None)
>
> However, the macro I recorded in Excel does exactly that: it
> appends chunks of the string with a maximum length of 200 chars.
> Am I missing something here?
> This is with Python 2.5, PythonWin 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006,
> 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32, Windows XP SP2.
>
> Thank you for your consideration.
>
> Andrea.
>
> "Imagination Is The Only Weapon In The War Against Reality."
> http://xoomer.virgilio.it/infinity77/
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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How to ping and shutdown a remote computer?
I am working on a Python script to perform as a remote computer manager. So far I have a WOL function working and I would like to add the ability to show if a machine is on or off (I figured I would do so by pinging the machine and seeing if I get a response). I would also like to add the ability to remotely shutdown a computer from the python script. Does anyone have a code snippet for pinging an IP, a code snippet for shutting down a remote Windows XP machine, and a code snippet for sending a HTTP request? Here is my current setup: - PC running python script - FreeNAS (media server running on FreeBSD. Can be shutdown from web interface so I planned on just sending that same web button click from the python script to shutdown the FreeNAS server) - Windows XP machine with folder share (What packet is sent over the network to remotely shutdown a Windows XP machine?) My hope is to have a script then when you start it will list all your remote computers/servers and show if they are currently on/off. Then you can select a server and turn it off if it is on or turn it on if it is off. Thank you in advance for any help provided. - John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ping and shutdown a remote computer?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
> I am working on a Python script to perform as a remote computer
> manager. So far I have a WOL function working and I would like to add
> the ability to show if a machine is on or off (I figured I would do so
> by pinging the machine and seeing if I get a response). I would also
> like to add the ability to remotely shutdown a computer from the
> python script. Does anyone have a code snippet for pinging an IP, a
> code snippet for shutting down a remote Windows XP machine, and a code
> snippet for sending a HTTP request?
>
> Here is my current setup:
>
> - PC running python script
> - FreeNAS (media server running on FreeBSD. Can be shutdown from web
> interface so I planned on just sending that same web button click from
> the python script to shutdown the FreeNAS server)
> - Windows XP machine with folder share (What packet is sent over the
> network to remotely shutdown a Windows XP machine?)
import os
os.system("shutdown -s -f")
Try other switches if you want. Requires Windows XP at the minimum.
--
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Re: rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
On 2007-02-14, Andy Dingley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm trying to write rot13, but to do it in a better and more > Pythonic style than I'm currrently using. What would you > reckon to the following pretty ugly thing? How would you > improve it? In particular, I don't like the way a three-way > selection is done by nesting two binary selections. Also I > dislike stating the same algorithm twice, but can't see how to > parameterise them neatly. > > Yes, I know of .encode() and .translate(). str.translate is what I'd do. import string rot13table = string.maketrans( 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM') print 'Sybevk Tenohaqnr, Fcyhaqvt ihe guevtt'.translate(rot13table) > No, I don't actually need rot13 itself, it's just a convenient > substitute example for the real job-specific task. No, I don't > have to do it with lambdas, but it would be nice if the final > function was a lambda. How would it being a lambda help you? -- Neil Cerutti -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How much memory used by a name
Bernard Lebel wrote: > Hello, > > I would like to know if there is a way to know how much memory (bytes, > kilobytes, megabytes, etc) a name is using. > > More specifically, I have this list of strings that I want to write to > a file as lines. > This list grows througout the script execution, and toward the end, > the file is written. > > However I would like to know how much memory, before writing to the > file, is this list using. Is it possible at all? How about summing up the individual string lengths? total = sum(len(s) for s in my_list) Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ping and shutdown a remote computer?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Here is my current setup:
>
> [... BSD ...]
> - Windows XP machine with folder share (What packet is sent over the
> network to remotely shutdown a Windows XP machine?)
>
> My hope is to have a script then when you start it will list all your
> remote computers/servers and show if they are currently on/off. Then
> you can select a server and turn it off if it is on or turn it on if
> it is off.
Couple of bits of info, speaking only about Windows. First, I'd
be quite worried if someone could send me a packet (maliciously
or otherwise) which simply shut my machine down. Is this possible?
Second, machines -- or networks -- may be configured to reject
or swallow pings so the lack of a ping may not indicate vitality.
Since you specify that the machine has a folder share, that means
it's running SMB/NMB/whatever it's called across a few well-known
ports, including 135 and 137-139 and 445. So you could attempt a
socket connection to one of those:
import socket
s = socket.socket ()
s.settimeout (0.25)
try:
s.connect (("192.168.100.84", 135))
except socket.error:
print "not alive"
else:
print "alive"
To shut it down, someone has already suggested the
shutdown command, although I think you'd have to
specify the -m param to pass the remote machine name.
Alternatively, you could use WMI (which inadvertently
provides a means of determining vitality):
http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi_cookbook.html#reboot_remote_machine
(adapted a bit, but you get the idea)
TJG
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Re: Testers please
martien friedeman wrote: > I have written this tool that allows you to look at runtime data and > code at the same time. > And now I need people to test it. > > The easiest way to see what I mean is to look at some videos: > http://codeinvestigator.googlepages.com/codeinvestigator_videos > > It requires Apache and Sqlite. > > It works for me with a Firefox browser on Linux. > ODB, the Omniscient Debugger, for Java does the same sort of thing and more. http://www.lambdacs.com/debugger/ODBDescription.html I would love to have one of these for Python. Don. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Urllib2 and timeouts
In my script I started using urllib2 to connect to a list of servers.It works well but only until a server from the list is not available.Then if it is down , there is a timeout and my script ends with the error. So, if I have a list of 10 servers, and the second from the list is not available , no others are used. Is there a way how to solve that problem, so that servers after the server that is not available will be used too? Thanks for help L. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
Andy Dingley wrote:
> I'm trying to write rot13, but to do it in a better and more Pythonic
> style than I'm currrently using. What would you reckon to the
> following pretty ugly thing? How would you improve it? In
> particular, I don't like the way a three-way selection is done by
> nesting two binary selections. Also I dislike stating the same
> algorithm twice, but can't see how to parameterise them neatly.
>
> Yes, I know of .encode() and .translate().
> No, I don't actually need rot13 itself, it's just a convenient
> substitute example for the real job-specific task.
> No, I don't have to do it with lambdas, but it would be nice if the
> final function was a lambda.
>
>
> #!/bin/python
> import string
>
> lc_rot13 = lambda c : (chr((ord(c) - ord('a') + 13) % 26 + ord('a')))
>
> uc_rot13 = lambda c : (chr((ord(c) - ord('A') + 13) % 26 + ord('A')))
>
> c_rot13 = lambda c : (((c, uc_rot13(c)) [c in
> 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ']), lc_rot13(c) )[c in
> 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz']
>
> rot13 = lambda s : string.join([ c_rot13(c) for c in s ],'')
>
>
> print rot13( 'Sybevk Tenohaqnr, Fcyhaqvt ihe guevtt' )
>
Well first of all, for me (personal) being Pythonic means that I should
separate the logic and variables, in this case there is the rotation
mechanism and the variable with the amount it should rotate.
Then of course the letters case is something I consider as a state of
the letter itself, the meaning of the letter doesn't change.
And being a sucker for dictionaries I use them a lot
So with that in mind I would write a class like this:
###
class Rot(object):
def __init__(self,amount = 13):
self.__alpha = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
self.__amount = amount
self.__index_string = dict()
self.__crypt_index_string = dict()
self.__string_index = dict()
self.__crypt_string_index = dict()
self.__position = 0
self.__create_dicts()
def __cypher(self,number):
alpha_len = len(self.__alpha)
rotation_overflow = alpha_len - self.__amount
new_number = None
if number > rotation_overflow:
new_number = number - self.__amount
else:
new_number = self.__position + self.__amount
return(new_number)
def __create_dicts(self):
for letter in self.__alpha:
self.__position += 1
self.__index_string[self.__position] = letter
self.__crypt_index_string[self.__cypher(self.__position)] =
letter
self.__string_index[letter] = self.__position
self.__crypt_string_index[letter] =
self.__cypher(self.__position)
def encrypt(self,text):
text_list = list()
letter_capital = None
for letter in text:
letter_capital = letter.isupper()
letter = letter.lower()
if letter not in self.__alpha:
text_list.append(letter)
else:
position_plain = self.__string_index[letter]
letter_crypt = self.__crypt_index_string[position_plain]
if letter_capital:
letter_crypt = letter_crypt.upper()
text_list.append(letter_crypt)
return("".join(text_list))
def decrypt(self,text):
text_list = list()
letter_capital = None
for letter in text:
letter_capital = letter.isupper()
letter = letter.lower()
if letter not in self.__alpha:
text_list.append(letter)
else:
position_crypt = self.__crypt_string_index[letter]
letter_plain = self.__index_string[position_crypt]
if letter_capital:
letter_plain = letter_plain.upper()
text_list.append(letter_plain)
return("".join(text_list))
###
Testing if it works:
>>> rot13.decrypt(rot13.encrypt("This is a TEST"))
'This is a TEST'
--
mph
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Re: Urllib2 and timeouts
Johny wrote: > In my script I started using urllib2 to connect to a list of > servers.It works well but only until a server from the list is not > available.Then if it is down , there is a timeout and my script ends > with the error. > So, if I have a list of 10 servers, and the second from the list is > not available , no others are used. > Is there a way how to solve that problem, so that servers after the > server that is not available will be used too? > Thanks for help > L. > Wrap your connection inside a try: block. That way you can catch the exception and continue your loop. -Larry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
On 14 Feb, 16:23, Neil Cerutti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > str.translate is what I'd do. That's what I hope to do too, but it might not be possible (for the live, complex example). It looks as if I have to make a test, then process the contents of the code differently depending. There might well be a translation inside this, but I think I still have to have an explicit 3-way switch in there. > How would it being a lambda help you? I'm going to use it in a context where that would make for cleaner code. There's not much in it though. I still don't understand what a lambda is _for_ in Python. I know what they are, I know what the alternatives are, but I still haven't found an instance where it permits something novel to be done that couldn't be done otherwise (if maybe not so neatly). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
list of range of floats
I'm trying to create a list range of floats and running into problems. I've been trying something like: a = 0.0 b = 10.0 flts = range(a, b) fltlst.append(flts) When I run it I get the following DeprecationWarning: integer argument expected, got float. How can I store a list of floats? TIA Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
On 2/14/07, Steve <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm trying to create a list range of floats and running into problems. > I've been trying something like: > > a = 0.0 > b = 10.0 > > flts = range(a, b) > > fltlst.append(flts) > > When I run it I get the following DeprecationWarning: integer argument > expected, got float. How can I store a list of floats? There would be an *enormous* number of floats between zero and ten. Do you really want all of them in your list? I hope you have a few terrabytes of RAM... Or do you just want the integer values as floats? fits = list(float(a) for a in range(0, 10)) -- Cheers, Simon B [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
Steve wrote: > I'm trying to create a list range of floats and running into problems. > I've been trying something like: > > a = 0.0 > b = 10.0 > > flts = range(a, b) > > fltlst.append(flts) > > When I run it I get the following DeprecationWarning: integer argument > expected, got float. How can I store a list of floats? > > TIA > Steve range only does ints. If you want floats, you'll have to write your own version. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
On Wed, 14 Feb 2007 17:27:06 +, Dale Strickland-Clark wrote: > Steve wrote: > >> I'm trying to create a list range of floats and running into problems. >> I've been trying something like: >> >> a = 0.0 >> b = 10.0 >> >> flts = range(a, b) >> >> fltlst.append(flts) >> >> When I run it I get the following DeprecationWarning: integer argument >> expected, got float. How can I store a list of floats? >> >> TIA >> Steve > > range only does ints. If you want floats, you'll have to write your own > version. I was afraid of that. Thanks for the quick reply. Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
> fits = list(float(a) for a in range(0, 10)) Another way of writing that: flts = map(float,range(10)) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
Steve wrote: > I'm trying to create a list range of floats and running into problems. > I've been trying something like: > > a = 0.0 > b = 10.0 > > flts = range(a, b) > > fltlst.append(flts) > > When I run it I get the following DeprecationWarning: integer argument > expected, got float. How can I store a list of floats? > > TIA > Steve > What does range of floats mean? How many floats are there between 0.0 and 10.0? If you want the step to be 1.0 and beginning and ending values will be whole numbers then this will work: flts=[float(i) for i in range(1, 11)] If you want arbitrary starting and ending floats and an arbitrary step, you will need to write your own function. -Larry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
En Wed, 14 Feb 2007 14:04:17 -0300, Andy Dingley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió: > I still don't understand what a lambda is _for_ in Python. I know what > they are, I know what the alternatives are, but I still haven't found > an instance where it permits something novel to be done that couldn't > be done otherwise (if maybe not so neatly). A lambda is a shorthand for a simple anonymous function. Any lambda can be written as a function: lambda args: expression is the same as: def __anonymous(args): return expression (but the inverse is not true; lambda only allows a single expression in the function body). Except for easy event binding in some GUIs, deferred argument evaluation, and maybe some other case, the're not used much anyway. Prior common usage with map and filter can be replaced by list comprehensions (a lot more clear, and perhaps as fast - any benchmark?) -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
a = 0.0 b = 10.0 inc = .2 flts = [] while a < b: flts.append(a) a += inc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: multiple inheritance of a dynamic list of classes?
Neil Cerutti wrote: > On 2007-02-13, Peter Otten <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Well, what problems ocurring with >> >> class A: pass >> class B: pass >> class C(A, B): pass >> >> could be avoided by writing >> >> class A: pass >> class B(A): pass >> class C(B): pass >> >> instead? > > With multiple inheritance, the choice of algorithm for Method > Resolution Ordering isn't obvious or trivial. As I understand it, > Python got it wrong for quite some time, allowing "bad" > hierarchies to compile, i.e., classes for which the properties of > local precedence ordering and monotonicity did not hold. > > URL:http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/ Is it correct that as long as no classes occur twice in the hierarchy no such ambiguities can arise? Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: multiple inheritance of a dynamic list of classes?
massimo s. wrote: > On 13 Feb, 12:46, Peter Otten <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Well, what problems ocurring with >> >> class A: pass >> class B: pass >> class C(A, B): pass >> >> could be avoided by writing >> >> class A: pass >> class B(A): pass >> class C(B): pass >> >> instead? Classes have to be designed for subclassing, so essentially you >> get two interfaces, one for subclasses and one for client code instead of >> just the latter. A more relevant mantra governing inheritance is "Flat is >> better than nested". > > I am truly getting lost. Are you saying that doing A-->B(A)--C(B) is > better than C(A,B)? And isn't the former thing nested? Or are you > saying that C(A,B) is better than A,B(A),C(B)? And in both cases:why? Neither. I wanted to express that I don't buy the "mantra" you mentioned above. Just because it uses only single inheritance code doesn't become magically more robust. Use whatever works best to solve the actual problem. > And why "classes have to be designed for subclassing"? I often do > classes that are not thought to be subclassed. That's fine. If (and only if) you expect a class to be subclassed you better spend some thought on what methods should be overriden etc. This increases the effort spent on the class significantly. Distinct classes are often easier to write and maintain. Hope-I'm-clear-this-time, Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to ping and shutdown a remote computer?
On Feb 14, 10:09 am, Christophe <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit :
>
>
>
> > I am working on a Python script to perform as a remote computer
> > manager. So far I have a WOL function working and I would like to add
> > the ability to show if a machine is on or off (I figured I would do so
> > by pinging the machine and seeing if I get a response). I would also
> > like to add the ability to remotely shutdown a computer from the
> > python script. Does anyone have a code snippet for pinging an IP, a
> > code snippet for shutting down a remote Windows XP machine, and a code
> > snippet for sending a HTTP request?
>
> > Here is my current setup:
>
> > - PC running python script
> > - FreeNAS (media server running on FreeBSD. Can be shutdown from web
> > interface so I planned on just sending that same web button click from
> > the python script to shutdown the FreeNAS server)
> > - Windows XP machine with folder share (What packet is sent over the
> > network to remotely shutdown a Windows XP machine?)
>
> import os
> os.system("shutdown -s -f")
> Try other switches if you want. Requires Windows XP at the minimum.
That is a good idea but I don't have Windows XP on the machine
performing the shutdown. I should have been more detailed. I said PC
but what it is is a Xbox running XBMC: http://www.xboxmediacenter.com
I should have been more detailed in that.
- John
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Re: Newbie Question
On Tuesday 13 February 2007 11:04, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > To be true, I don't know if any of these toolkits (GTK, wxWindows, QT) > and their GUIDesigners have the features you like in Delphi. What I > know is that: > 1/ these three toolkits have everything *needed* to write serious GUI > apps > 2/ they are all (more or less) portable > 3/ the first two are free software And, for the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that the third is available under the GPL, which is a Free Software license. David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
On Wed, 14 Feb 2007 17:29:26 +, Simon Brunning wrote: > On 2/14/07, Steve <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> I'm trying to create a list range of floats and running into problems. >> I've been trying something like: >> >> a = 0.0 >> b = 10.0 >> >> flts = range(a, b) >> >> fltlst.append(flts) >> >> When I run it I get the following DeprecationWarning: integer argument >> expected, got float. How can I store a list of floats? > > There would be an *enormous* number of floats between zero and ten. Do > you really want all of them in your list? I hope you have a few > terrabytes of RAM... > > Or do you just want the integer values as floats? > > fits = list(float(a) for a in range(0, 10)) After re-reading my original post I was pretty vague. I'm trying to creat a list of ranges of floats, 0.0 10.0, 11 20, etc then checking to see if an float, example 12.5 falls in the list and if so get the list index of where it is in the index. Does this make sense? Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: list of range of floats
On 2/14/07, Steve <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > After re-reading my original post I was pretty vague. I'm trying to creat > a list of ranges of floats, 0.0 10.0, 11 20, etc then checking to see if > an float, example 12.5 falls in the list and if so get the list index of > where it is in the index. Does this make sense? Ah, you want to know if a certain number is between to other numbers. That's not what range() is for - range() is for generating lists of integers. You can use it to do a between test for integers, I suppose, but even for integers it's a pretty poor way of going about it - you'll be creating a potentially large lists of integers, only to throw it away again. Consider something like: def between(lower, upper, target): return lower < target < upper Works for integers and floats interchangably. Or better still, do the lower < target < upper thing inline. -- Cheers, Simon B [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Testers please
That's amazing! We had the same idea. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: multiple inheritance of a dynamic list of classes?
On 2007-02-14, Peter Otten <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Neil Cerutti wrote: > >> On 2007-02-13, Peter Otten <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >>> Well, what problems ocurring with >>> >>> class A: pass >>> class B: pass >>> class C(A, B): pass >>> >>> could be avoided by writing >>> >>> class A: pass >>> class B(A): pass >>> class C(B): pass >>> >>> instead? >> >> With multiple inheritance, the choice of algorithm for Method >> Resolution Ordering isn't obvious or trivial. As I understand it, >> Python got it wrong for quite some time, allowing "bad" >> hierarchies to compile, i.e., classes for which the properties of >> local precedence ordering and monotonicity did not hold. >> >> URL:http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/ > > Is it correct that as long as no classes occur twice in the > hierarchy no such ambiguities can arise? As long as you forbid the diamond-shaped hierarchy, I think so. Of course, since all new-style classes inherit from 'object' you can't avoid it in practice, and a good algorithm for MRO had to be stolen from Dylan. ;) -- Neil Cerutti -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
try...except...finally problem in Python 2.5
I keep getting this error "local variable 'f' referenced before assignment" in the finally block when I run the following code. try: f = file(self.filename, 'rb') f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) self.isDataLoaded = True except: self.isDataLoaded = False finally: f.close() Can someone tell me what's wrong with the code? Am I doing something wrong? I'm somewhat new to python but this makes sense to me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: try...except...finally problem in Python 2.5
On 14 Feb 2007 11:41:29 -0800, redawgts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >I keep getting this error "local variable 'f' referenced before >assignment" in the finally block when I run the following code. > >try: >f = file(self.filename, 'rb') >f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) >self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) >self.isDataLoaded = True >except: >self.isDataLoaded = False >finally: >f.close() > >Can someone tell me what's wrong with the code? Am I doing something >wrong? I'm somewhat new to python but this makes sense to me. > f is not bound until the first line of the try suite has completely successfully executed. If it fails to do this, for example because self.filename is an attribute error, or the filename given by that attribute does not exist, then the finally suite will execute before f has been bound, and the UnboundLocalError will mask the real error. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: try...except...finally problem in Python 2.5
redawgts wrote: > I keep getting this error "local variable 'f' referenced before > assignment" in the finally block when I run the following code. > > try: > f = file(self.filename, 'rb') > f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) > self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) > self.isDataLoaded = True > except: > self.isDataLoaded = False > finally: > f.close() > > Can someone tell me what's wrong with the code? Am I doing something > wrong? I'm somewhat new to python but this makes sense to me. Move the "f = file(self.filename, 'rb')" above the try:. If opening the file happens to throw an exception, then the assignment will never happen and there will be no 'f' to close. -- Robert Kern "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth." -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: try...except...finally problem in Python 2.5
"redawgts" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] >I keep getting this error "local variable 'f' referenced before > assignment" in the finally block when I run the following code. > >try: >f = file(self.filename, 'rb') >f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) >self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) >self.isDataLoaded = True >except: >self.isDataLoaded = False >finally: >f.close() > > Can someone tell me what's wrong with the code? Am I doing something > wrong? I'm somewhat new to python but this makes sense to me. If the call to file raises an exception, then variable f won't have been created. Here's a simple example: def f(): throw 42 try: x = f() except: print x Try it and see what happens. While you're at it, you might try to figure out what you would like it to print. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: try...except...finally problem in Python 2.5
redawgts wrote: > I keep getting this error "local variable 'f' referenced before > assignment" in the finally block when I run the following code. > > try: > f = file(self.filename, 'rb') > f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) > self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) > self.isDataLoaded = True > except: > self.isDataLoaded = False > finally: > f.close() > > Can someone tell me what's wrong with the code? Am I doing something > wrong? I'm somewhat new to python but this makes sense to me. > finally: block is executed even if there is an exception in which case f hasn't been defined. What you want is: try: f = file(self.filename, 'rb') f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) self.isDataLoaded = True except: isDataLoaded=False else: f.close() -Larry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: rot13 in a more Pythonic style?
On Feb 14, 9:04 am, "Andy Dingley" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I still don't understand what a lambda is _for_ in Python. Python supports functional programming to a certain extent, and lambdas are part of this. http://linuxgazette.net/109/pramode.html > I know what > they are, I know what the alternatives are, but I still haven't found > an instance where it permits something novel to be done that couldn't > be done otherwise (if maybe not so neatly). Strictly speaking, you can live your whole life without using them. There's always a procedural way of doing things, as well. -Beej -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: try...except...finally problem in Python 2.5
"redawgts" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > try: > f = file(self.filename, 'rb') ... > Can someone tell me what's wrong with the code? Various people have explained the error: if the file open attempt fails, f is never assigned. Doing it the right way (i.e. handling the potential exceptions separately) with try/except statements is messy, so it's worth mentioning that 2.5 adds the new "with" statement to clean this up. I'm not using 2.5 myself yet so maybe someone will have to correct me, but I think you'd write: from __future__ import with_statement self.isDataLoaded = False with open(self.filename, 'rb') as f: f.seek(DATA_OFFSET) self.__data = f.read(DATA_SIZE) self.isDataLoaded = True and that should handle everything, closing the file automatically. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Segmentation faults using threads
Mathias wrote:
>>
>> What module are you using for SSH?
>>
>> What's in your program that isn't pure Python?
>> The problem is probably in some non-Python component; you shouldn't
>> be able to force a memory protection error from within Python code.
>>
>
> It looks like the error could be in scipy/Numeric, when a large array's
> type is changed, like this:
>
> >>> from scipy import *
> >>> a=zeros(1,'b')#100 MiB
> >>> b=a.copy().astype('d') #800 MiB, ok
> >>> a=zeros(10,'b')#1GiB
> >>> b=a.copy().astype('d') #8GiB, fails with sf
> Segmentation fault
>
> if I use zeros directly for allocation of the doubles it works as expected:
>
> >>> from scipy import *
> >>> a=zeros(10,'d')#8GiB, fails with python exception
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "", line 1, in ?
> MemoryError: can't allocate memory for array
> >>>
>
> I use python 2.4, but my scipy and Numeric aren't quite up-to-date:
> scipy version 0.3.2, Numeric v 24.2
That sounds like the case where the array has to be reallocated from
4-byte floats to 8-byte doubles is being botched.
Take a look at
"http://www.mail-archive.com/numpy-discussion@lists.sourceforge.net/msg02033.html";
and then at array_cast in arrraymethods.c of scipy. There may be a
reference count bug in that C code. I'm not familiar enough with
Python reference count internals to be sure, though.
John Nagle
--
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Re: How much memory used by a name
Bernard Lebel a écrit : > Hello, > > I would like to know if there is a way to know how much memory (bytes, > kilobytes, megabytes, etc) a name is using. > > More specifically, I have this list of strings that I want to write to > a file as lines. > This list grows througout the script execution, and toward the end, > the file is written. Do you really need to first grow the list then write it ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
reference data in a dictionary
dear all, i am new to python and have a question about referencing data in a dict. is there anyway that allows me to do something like: dict[['row1', 'row2', .'row100']] thanks much. -- WenSui Liu A lousy statistician who happens to know a little programming (http://spaces.msn.com/statcompute/blog) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading and multicores, pros and cons
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Maric Michaud <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > This is a recurrent problem I encounter when I try to sell python solutions > to > my customers. I'm aware that this problem is sometimes overlooked, but here > is the market's law. > > I've heard of a bunch of arguments to defend python's choice of GIL, but I'm > not quite sure of their technical background, nor what is really important > and what is not. These discussions often end in a prudent "python has made a > choice among others"... which is not really convincing. > > If some guru has made a good recipe, or want to resume the main points it > would be really appreciated. When designing a new Python application I read a fair amount about the implications of multiple cores for using threads versus processes, and decided that using multiple processes was the way to go for me. On that note, there a (sort of) new module available that allows interprocess communication via shared memory and semaphores with Python. You can find it here: http://NikitaTheSpider.com/python/shm/ Hope this helps -- Philip http://NikitaTheSpider.com/ Whole-site HTML validation, link checking and more -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reference data in a dictionary
"Wensui Liu" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > i am new to python and have a question about referencing data in a > dict. is there anyway that allows me to do something like: > dict[['row1', 'row2', .'row100']] What behaviour would you expect from that statement? If we know what you're trying to do, perhaps we can suggest a solution. -- \"Like the creators of sitcoms or junk food or package tours, | `\ Java's designers were consciously designing a product for | _o__)people not as smart as them." -- Paul Graham | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How much memory used by a name
Diez: thanks, I will try that. However isn't sum() returning an integer that here would represent the number of elements? Bruno: good question. We're talking about text files that can have 300,000 lines, if not more. Currently, the way I have coded the file writing, every line calls for a write() to the file object, which in turns write to the text file. The file is on the network. This is taking a long time, and I'm looking for ways to speed up this process. I though that keeping the list in memory and dropping to the file at the very end could be a possible approach. Bernard On 2/14/07, Bruno Desthuilliers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Bernard Lebel a écrit : > > Hello, > > > > I would like to know if there is a way to know how much memory (bytes, > > kilobytes, megabytes, etc) a name is using. > > > > More specifically, I have this list of strings that I want to write to > > a file as lines. > > This list grows througout the script execution, and toward the end, > > the file is written. > > Do you really need to first grow the list then write it ? > > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reference data in a dictionary
I know dict['row1'] will always work. but it will only get 1 row out of the dict. is there anyway i can get multiple (>1) rows out of dict by directly refeencing them, something like dict[['row1', 'row2']]. thank you for reply, Ben. wensui On 2/14/07, Ben Finney <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > "Wensui Liu" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > > > i am new to python and have a question about referencing data in a > > dict. is there anyway that allows me to do something like: > > > dict[['row1', 'row2', .'row100']] > > What behaviour would you expect from that statement? If we know what > you're trying to do, perhaps we can suggest a solution. > > -- > \"Like the creators of sitcoms or junk food or package tours, | > `\ Java's designers were consciously designing a product for | > _o__)people not as smart as them." -- Paul Graham | > Ben Finney > > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- WenSui Liu A lousy statistician who happens to know a little programming (http://spaces.msn.com/statcompute/blog) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: reference data in a dictionary
In <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Wensui Liu
wrote:
> I know dict['row1'] will always work. but it will only get 1 row out
> of the dict. is there anyway i can get multiple (>1) rows out of dict
> by directly refeencing them, something like dict[['row1', 'row2']].
Not by directly referencing them, but with a list comprehension::
result = [the_dict[key] for key in ('row1', 'row2', 'row3')]
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
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f---ing typechecking
Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006, 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> (1,)+[1] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not "list") to tuple >>> [1]+(1,) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "tuple") to list >>> Its ugly and boring. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: f---ing typechecking
Sergey Dorofeev wrote: > Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006, 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on > win32 > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. > >>> (1,)+[1] > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 1, in > TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not "list") to tuple > >>> [1]+(1,) > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 1, in > TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "tuple") to list > >>> > > Its ugly and boring. what? for me it works fine: >>> (1,)+tuple([1]) (1, 1) >>> [1]+list((1,)) [1, 1] also >>> L=[1] >>> L.extend((1,)) >>> L [1, 1] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
