Re: getting an object name

[Irmen de Jong]

David Bear wrote:
> Let's say I have a list called, alist. If I pass alist to a function,
> how can I get the name of it?
> 
> alist = range(10)
> 
> def afunction(list):
> listName = list.__name__ (fails for a list object)
> 

You don't, see the other reply.

You didn't say why you think you need this for, but I suspect
that you can solve your case by using a dict in one way or another:

{ "somename": [1,2,3,4,5] }


--Irmen
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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Fredrik Lundh]

Remi Villatel wrote:

> >>while True:
> >> some(code)
> >> if final_condition is True:
> >> break
> >> #
> >>#
>
> > checking if a logical expression is true by comparing it to True is bad
> > style, and comparing values using "is" is also bad style.
>
> Erm... You totally missed the point. I wrote it this way because, first,
> it's perfectly valid Python code and, second and most important, it's also a
> valid english sentence.

I suggest looking up "is" in the Python manual instead of looking it
up in a dictionary.  (hint: it doesn't do what you think it does, and
code using your "perfectly valid" pattern doesn't always work.)

> [CENSORED] I keep for myself how stupid I found your post.

so let's see if everyone who understands how embarrassingly stupid
your post is will keep that to themselves...





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Re: getting an object name

[Simon Brunning]

On 6/22/05, David Bear <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Let's say I have a list called, alist. If I pass alist to a function,
> how can I get the name of it?

The effbot put it beautifully:

"The same way as you get the name of that cat you found on your porch:
the cat (object) itself cannot tell you its name, and it doesn't
really care -- so the only way to find out what it's called is to ask
all your neighbours (namespaces) if it's their cat (object) ... and
don't be surprised if you'll find that it's known by many names, or no
name at all!"

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Simon B,
[EMAIL PROTECTED],
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/
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Re: Using code objects?

[Fredrik Lundh]

Chinook wrote:

> When I create the code objects though, it seems a couple different ways
> work and I'm wondering which is better and why (or is there a more correct
> technique in this situation)?

from where are you getting the source code for those code objects?

from the example below, it sure looks like using callable objects and
argument binding is a "better way" to do it.  for the simplest cases,
you can use a plain lambda to delay evaluation:

>
> The two different ways are illustrated below:
>
> Python 2.4.1 (#2, Mar 31 2005, 00:05:10)
> [GCC 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1666)]
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >>> def foo(st):
> ...   print st
> ...

>>> obj1 = lambda: foo("#expression1#")
>>> obj1()
#expression1#
>>> obj2 = lambda: foo("#expression2#")
>>> obj2()
#expression2#





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Re: utf8 and ftplib

[Fredrik Lundh]

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> character references refer to code points in the Unicode code
> space, so you just convert the bytes you get after converting
> to UTF-8.

"so you cannot just", of course.





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Re: Dynamic Lists, or...?

[TZOTZIOY]

On 13 Jun 2005 01:04:53 -0700, rumours say that "Raymond Hettinger"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> might have written:

># Professional driver on a closed course.
># Don't try this at home.
>
>data = """
>rose, 1, 500
>lilac, 1, 300
>lilly, 1, 400
>rose, 0, 100
>"""
>
>data = data.replace(', 1, ', ' += ')
>data = data.replace(', 0, ', ' -= ')
>
>class DefaultDict(dict):
>def __getitem__(self, key):
>return self.get(key, 0)
>
>d = DefaultDict()
>exec data in {}, d
>print d.items()

For kids trying this at home, note that it only works if the descriptor
is a valid Python identifier.
-- 
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"Be strict when sending and tolerant when receiving." (from RFC1958)
I really should keep that in mind when talking with people, actually...
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C++ ActiveX python javascript communication trouble.

[whimsica]

I'm investingating a c++ api, Panda3d.com, that has a python binding.
I want to convert this api into an ACtiveX control so it will run on
the web.  When I do so I want to use Microsoft Script Control to call
api routines from Javascript in the browser.


Let's say I write up a game in python with my own functions. Then I
embed it in a web page and I want to call my functions from javascript?
How can I do it. Script control allows you to bind api functions to
javascript, but not the functions in my python file.

Adobe Atmoshere a 3D application that ran in a web page, had a
javascript binding. You could write code in a javascript file, and it
would be interpreted during start-up. After that, I could send function
calls in the form of a string from the browser to atmosphere. How did
this work?  Is the api aware of the python functions and variables
after it is loaded up?

Confused,
Dan

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C++ ActiveX python javascript communication trouble.

[whimsica]

I'm investingating a c++ api, Panda3d.com, that has a python binding.
I want to convert this api into an ACtiveX control so it will run on
the web.  When I do so I want to use Microsoft Script Control to call
api routines from Javascript in the browser.


Let's say I write up a game in python with my own functions. Then I
embed it in a web page and I want to call my functions from javascript?
How can I do it. Script control allows you to bind api functions to
javascript, but not the functions in my python file.

Adobe Atmoshere a 3D application that ran in a web page, had a
javascript binding. You could write code in a javascript file, and it
would be interpreted during start-up. After that, I could send function
calls in the form of a string from the browser to atmosphere. How did
this work?  Is the api aware of the python functions and variables
after it is loaded up?

Confused,
Dan

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Reading registry export files

[George]

Hi,

I have exported some registry-keys using Regedit to a number of 
.reg-files. I can open these files using any text editor. Now I wanted 
to write a simple Python script to concatenate all these files to one 
output file. (Please note that I'm a newbie).

However, if I do something like:

 >>> f=open('c:/documents and settings/myname/desktop/test.reg','r')
 >>> r=f.read()
 >>> print r

I get a lot of garbage with a lot characters which the Python shell 
cannot display (it display a square instead). The above code does work 
with ordinary text files.

Should I open these reg-files in a different way, or treat them 
differently once read in Python?

Thanks for any help.

Kind regards, George
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Re: tree functions daily exercise: Table

[Duncan Booth]

Xah Lee wrote:

> oops, another error. The example should be:
> 
> Table(f,[1,2,1],[2,6,2]) returns
> [[f(1,2),f(1,4),f(1,6)],[f(2,2),f(2,4),f(2,6)]]
> 
>> Wouldn't it be more sensible just to take the iterators directly as
>> arguments, so for this example you would do:
>>
>> Table(f, range(1,3), range(2,7,2))
> 
> well yes... but this was emulation of Mathematica functions.
> (Disclaimer: Mathematica is a trademark of Wolfram Research Inc, who is
> not affliated with this project)
> 
> What you suggested is a function called Outer in Mathematica. The Table
> function is in a sense multi-dimentional version of Range, so they
> share syntax form.
> 
Ok, so, if I understand you, the definition of Table is just:

def Table(f, *lists):
return Outer(f,
*[range(start,end+1,step) for (start,end,step) in lists])

Is that about right?
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RE: Reading registry export files

[Tim Golden]

[George]
| Hi,
| 
| I have exported some registry-keys using Regedit to a number of 
| .reg-files. I can open these files using any text editor. Now 
| I wanted 
| to write a simple Python script to concatenate all these files to one 
| output file. (Please note that I'm a newbie).
| 
| However, if I do something like:
| 
|  >>> f=open('c:/documents and settings/myname/desktop/test.reg','r')
|  >>> r=f.read()
|  >>> print r

It's encoded with utf-16. You need to do something like this:


import codecs

f = codecs.open ("c:/temp/temp.reg", encoding="utf_16") 
# .reg files seems to have an initial BOM so need need to specify endianness

text = f.read ()
f.close ()

print text



TJG


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Re: Running WMI within a Windows service

[cameron . mccloud]

Tim,

Changing the path didn't do anything, but changing the name of the
module to my_wmi did the trick.

Thanks very much,

Cam.

Tim Golden wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> | Hi,
> |
> | When trying to import the WMI module in a Python Windows
> | Service, I get
> | the following:
> |
> | dynamic module does not define init function (initwmi)
> |
> | The WMI version is 0.6. Python 2.4 on Win32, Python Win32 extensions
> | version 203
>
> This is almost certainly caused by a problem which
> I consistently fail to mention on my site every time
> it comes up. In essence, the service you've defined
> will run in c:\winnt\system32, where there is an
> file called wmi.dll (which presumably implements
> the core WMI functionality). Python, looking for
> a "wmi" to import, finds this -- which could be
> a Python module -- and tries to import it. And fails.
>
> Possible solutions:
>
> 1) Within the service code, switch directories to
>some other directory before importing wmi.
>
> 2) Rename wmi.py to something else (pywmi.py?)
>and import that.
>
> 3) Run the service as a named user, which will run
>within that user's home directory. (Not at all
>sure about this one; haven't tried it).
>
> HTH
> TJG
>
> 
> This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The
> service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive
> anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit:
> http://www.star.net.uk
> 

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Re: *Python* Power Tools

[Daniel Dittmar]

Micah wrote:
> Anyone know if there is any organized effort underway to implement the
> Python equivalent of "Perl Power Tools" ?
> 
> If not, would starting this be a waste of effort since:
> 
> - it's already being done in Perl?
> - cygwin thrives?
> - UNIX is already pervasive :-) ?
> 
> Or would people really like to claim a pure Python set of UNIX
> utilities?

There would be some use for a Python library that implements the 
functionality of these tools. Some of it already exists (difflib, 
shutil). Some is probably more difficult and less flexible to use from a 
lib that from straight python (cut).

Perhaps that could be started either in the Python Cookbook 
(http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Python/Cookbook/) or the Python Wiki 
(http://wiki.python.org/moin/). Just short explanations of how you would 
implement the functionality of various Unix utilities in Python.

Daniel
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Re: tree functions daily exercise: Table

[Duncan Booth]

Duncan Booth wrote:
> Ok, so, if I understand you, the definition of Table is just:
> 
> def Table(f, *lists):
> return Outer(f,
> *[range(start,end+1,step) for (start,end,step) in lists])
> 
> Is that about right?
> 

And lest you think I left a bit too much as an "exercise for the
reader": 

-- xah.py 
def Table(f, *lists):
"""Xah Lee's Table function
>>> Table(f,[3,10,2])
[f(3), f(5), f(7), f(9)]
>>> Table(f,[1,2,1],[2,6,2])
[[f(1, 2), f(1, 4), f(1, 6)], [f(2, 2), f(2, 4), f(2, 6)]]
"""
return Outer(f, *[range(start,end+1,step) for (start,end,step) in lists])

def explode(lists):
"""Form all combinations of 1 element from each list.
>>> explode([[1,2], [3]])
[(1, 3), (2, 3)]
>>> explode([[1,2], [3,4]])
[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)]
>>> explode([[1,2], [3,4], [5]])
[(1, 3, 5), (1, 4, 5), (2, 3, 5), (2, 4, 5)]
"""
result = [()]
for l in lists[::-1]:
result = [ (val,) + tail for val in l for tail in result ]

return result

def groupsOfN(it, n):
"""Returns tuples of length n taken from it.
>>> groupsOfN(range(12), 3)
[(0, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5), (6, 7, 8), (9, 10, 11)]
>>> groupsOfN(range(12), 1)
[(0,), (1,), (2,), (3,), (4,), (5,), (6,), (7,), (8,), (9,), (10,), (11,)]
"""
it = iter(it)
return zip(*([it]*n))

def Outer(f, *lists):
"""
>>> Outer(f, range(1,3), range(2,7,2))
[[f(1, 2), f(1, 4), f(1, 6)], [f(2, 2), f(2, 4), f(2, 6)]]
"""
result = [f(*args) for args in  explode(lists)]
for l in lists[:0:-1]:
result = [list(v) for v in groupsOfN(result, len(l))]
return result

def _test():
global f
class f:
def __init__(self, *args):
self.args = args
def __repr__(self):
if len(self.args) == 1:
return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__.split('.')[-1], 
self.args[0])
else:
return "%s%r" % (self.__class__.__name__.split('.')[-1], 
self.args)

import doctest
doctest.testmod()

if __name__ == "__main__":
_test()
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RE: Running WMI within a Windows service

[Tim Golden]

[EMAIL PROTECTED]
| 

[.. re problems running WMI in a service ...]

| Changing the path didn't do anything, but changing the name of the
| module to my_wmi did the trick.
| 
| Thanks very much,
| 
| Cam.
| 

Thanks for the feedback; I'll try to find the time to
experiment a bit but I know I've used the change-the-name
trick in the past. It has been suggested that I permanently
change the module name, but I'm a bit loth to do that. Mark
(Hammond) was talking about a patch which would prevent 
imports from picking up the false .dll, but I don't know
if it's gone anywhere.

TJG


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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Ville Vainio]

> "Stelios" == Stelios Xanthakis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

Stelios> Anyway, if you can't wait for 2.5 either use 'while 1:',
Stelios> or pyc[1]

... and I can't see why people don't want to use 'while 1:' in the
first place, given that everyone can identify the idiom
immediately. It's 4 keystrokes less.

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Re: Embedding Python - Deleting a class instance

[Andreas Kostyrka]

On Tue, Jun 21, 2005 at 12:06:47PM +, Bue Krogh Vedel-Larsen wrote:
> How do I delete a class instance created using PyInstance_New? I've tried 
> calling Py_CLEAR on the instance, but __del__ isn't called. I've also tried 
> calling PyObject_Del, but this gives an access violation in 
> _PyObject_DebugDumpAddress so I guess that ain't a good idea :)
> 
> I've noticed that the PyObject returned by PyInstance_New has refcount = 2, 
> does this have any significance?
Well, the only way to do that is to call PyDECREF. And this is only legal 
when you really remove the reference, or else you get dangling pointers
which will lead to a corrupted heap and/or segfault somewhere in the future of
your program.

Andreas

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Re: asynchronous comunication, wxPython and threads.

[Zunbeltz Izaola]

On Tue, 21 Jun 2005 11:07:35 -0400, Peter Hansen wrote:

> 
> Please clarify: what does this mean?  "Sending a socket" is not a usual 
> way to describe TCP communications.  Do you mean your program _opens_ a 
> socket (like a phone connection) and _sends_ some data, then waits for 
> data to be received from the other end?  Or are you (as it almost 
> sounds) opening and closing sockets repeatedly for each part of the 
> conversation?
>

Sorry for the lack of clarity. I opened the socket once (i don't know if
itit is important to open inside or outside the comunication thread). And
them send "packages" and wait for data.

 
> 
> I think you are using the term "socket" where you should be using 
> "packet".  A socket is the virtual connection created by TCP.  A packet 
> is either a single blob of data sent by the TCP code in the operating 
> system, or perhaps a single chunk of your own data.
> 

Thanks for the vocabulary correction.

> If you are using a single TCP socket to send multiple packets, and you 
> are talking about those packets being sent out of order, it's very 
> unlikely and there must be another explanation.  TCP _is_ reliable, and 
> you will not get data out of order unless you do something to screw 
> things up, for example by creating a race condition by doing 
> multithreaded code incorrectly.
> 

I think this is the case (see the post of Toby). I didn't try it out but I
think the problem is that i *do* comunication in both threads.

> 
> Some people advise that, but there's really nothing *wrong* with doing 
> this in a second thread, and in fact I do similar things all the time 
> with no ill effects.  While async frameworks _can_ make this easier, 
> they could also make it harder (at least for a while) as you adjust your 
> brain to the new approach.  Furthermore, at least in the case of 
> wxPython and Twisted (on Windows) there can be problems integrating the 
> two loops.  I don't believe the latest Twisted claims to have fully 
> solved the problems involved yet, so you might still be required to have 
> a second thread for the TCP stuff.
> 

Yes, i have read that there is problems yet.

> 
> I use a non-blocking socket and select() calls in my thread, and 
> communicate with the GUI thread using appropriate Queue objects and 
> calls to PostEvent() (or CallAfter()) on the wx side of things.  It's 
> pretty straightforward, so if you post a small piece of your application 
> which reproduces the problem it shouldn't be hard for someone here to 
> help you fix it.
> 

Thanks. First i would check if the problem is what Toby says.

> 
> No more so than using threads, unless your problem is caused by the
> threads themselves (as I suggested above) in which case it might be
> easier to just fix the problem.
> 
> -Peter

Thank you very much

Zunbeltz

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Re: *Python* Power Tools

[Ville Vainio]

> "John" == John Machin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

John> For windows users, apart from cygwin, there are a couple of
John> sources of binaries for *x command-line utilities (unxutils,
John> gnuwin32).

unxutils is my personal favourite - cygwin is way too much an
"environment", and gets broken too easily.

I for one would like to see various shell tools implemented in pure
python, if only to be able to import them as a module and use cross
platform tools that have more power than e.g. 'shutil' or 'os'
functions. The API exposed through the module (as opposed to normal
execution from shell) could also be much richer, providing hooks for
calling own stuff for just-in-time error handling, progress
notification etc.

So no, it doesn't seem like bad idea at all. It's also something that
could evolve gradually, and reach a useful stage (i.e. have several
handy tools) quickly.

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Re: need to strip stuff off email

[Tim Williams]

> "nephish" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> > hey there,
> > i have a script that retrieves my email, but i need it to
> > be able to strip all the stuff off except the body (the message itself)
> > so i can later write it to a text file.
> >
> > anyone know how to accomplish this?
> > thanks

The body is:   The rest of the email after "the first blank line after the
subject header".   In practice it is the first blank line.

If you get the message into a string it can sometimes be easier to just
RSPLIT the string at '\r\n\r\n',  if the message is in a list then the body
= '\r\n'.join(msg[x:]) where x = that blank line +1  ,  that way if you
don't need any of the header info,  you don't have to decode the message and
rebuild it in a file.

if you *are* using the email module, eg

msg = email.message_from_file(a_file)

then rsplit the msg to get the same result.

As someone will no doubt point out,   some emails are broken and parts of
the headers will end up in the body (even when you view the email it in a
client),  this is very rare though.




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suggestions invited

[Aditi]

hi all...i m a software engg. student completed my 2nd yr...i have been
asked to make a project during these summer vacations...and hereby i
would like to invite some ideas bout the design and implementation of
an APPLICATION MONITORING SYSTEMi have to start from scrach so
please tell me how to go bout it rite from the beggining this is the
first time i m making a project of this complexity...
i have to make a system used by the IT department of a company which
contains 31 applications and their details which are being used in a
company ...the details are...
Application sub application catagoryplatform
languageversion IT
owner   functional ownerremarks source code documentation   
last updated
dates
i want to design a system such that it lets the it employee enter the
name of the application and gives him all the details about it...please
suggest an appropriate design and the language which you think would be
best to use...as i have enouf time with me and i can learn a new
language as well...i currently know c and c++...your advise is welcomed
Aditi

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Re: Want to learn a language - is Python right?

[Aziz McTang]

Hi Everyone,
Thanks for all the helpful advice. Downloaded 2.4.1 and already have an
inkling of some of the things it can do. Time to start learning!
ATB
Aziz

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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Wed, 22 Jun 2005 09:54:44 +0200, Fredrik Lundh wrote:

>> [CENSORED] I keep for myself how stupid I found your post.
> 
> so let's see if everyone who understands how embarrassingly stupid
> your post is will keep that to themselves...

Damn, did I fail some test?





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Urgent: Embedding Python question please

[adsheehan]

Hi,

I am embedding Python into a multi-threaded C++ application runnig on
Solaris and need urgent clarification on the embedding architecture and
its correct usage (as I am experience weird behaviors).

Can anyone clarify:

- if Python correctly supports multiple sub-interpreters
(Py_NewInterpreter) ?

- if Python correctly supports multiple thread states per
sub-interpreter (PyThreadState_New) ?

and the "real" question:

- what is the rationale for choosing one of:

[a] one sub-interpreter with many thread states
[b] many sub-interpreters with one thread state each
[c] many sub-interpreters with many threas states each

Thanks for helping
Alan

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Re: Installing MySQL-Python

[kai festersen]

Cathy Hui wrote:
> Do u know why do i get the following message
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

yes:
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

means: there's no compiler gcc ...

kai

  when trying to build the
> MySql-Python (1.2.0) on my Solaris 8 system?  (with mysql 4.0.21 and
> python 2.4).  thanks!
> 
> error mesg:
> ld: fatal: relocations remain against allocatable but non-writable
> sections
> collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
> error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
> 
> 
> see below for the log
> =
> 
> 
> # python setup.py build
> 
> unknown>   0x5c8
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0x840
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0x84c
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0x9b4
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0x9bc
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0x9f8
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0xa04
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0xa98
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0xaac
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0xad0
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0xae0
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
>0xb0c
> /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a(default.o)
> .
> .
> .
> 
> ld: fatal: relocations remain against allocatable but non-writable
> sections
> collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
> error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
> 
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Re: need to strip stuff off email

[Tim Williams]

- Original Message - 
From: "Tim Williams" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: 
Sent: Wednesday, June 22, 2005 10:48 AM
Subject: Re: need to strip stuff off email


>
>
> > "nephish" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> > > hey there,
> > > i have a script that retrieves my email, but i need it to
> > > be able to strip all the stuff off except the body (the message
itself)
> > > so i can later write it to a text file.
> > >
> > > anyone know how to accomplish this?
> > > thanks
>
> The body is:   The rest of the email after "the first blank line after the
> subject header".   In practice it is the first blank line.
>
> If you get the message into a string it can sometimes be easier to just
> RSPLIT the string at '\r\n\r\n',  if the message is in a list then the
body
> = '\r\n'.join(msg[x:]) where x = that blank line +1  ,  that way if you
> don't need any of the header info,  you don't have to decode the message
and
> rebuild it in a file.
>
> if you *are* using the email module, eg
>
> msg = email.message_from_file(a_file)
>
> then rsplit the msg to get the same result.
>
> As someone will no doubt point out,   some emails are broken and parts of
> the headers will end up in the body (even when you view the email it in a
> client),  this is very rare though.

Ah,  trying to do anything before my first cup of coffee in the morning is
always a mistake - substitute RSPLIT with LSPLIT  for both occurrences above
!!!  :(

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importing a package

[flupke]

Hi,

I developed a package with a structure like this
src/
tesfile.py
dir1/
__init__.py
file1.py
dir2/
__init__.py
file2.py

The testfile is meant to try the code out that is specified in file1.py 
and file2.py

Now i have another project where i want to use the code from that package.
The structure of that project:

src/
 file3.py
 dir3/
 __init__.py
 file4.py

To use it, i copied the package in the root of the project:
src/
 file3.py
 dir3/
 __init__.py
 file4.py
 package/
__init__.py
dir1/
__init__.py
file1.py
dir2/
__init__.py
file2.py

In my code (file3.py) i then do an "import package.dir1.file1 as myobj" 
and access a class like this:
myobj.LMyClass()

(where myobj and LMyClass are decent names. Used these as example)

That works but i get an error in the package files.
I then get an error in package/dir1/file1.py on an import statement 
specified in that file1.py that says import dir2.file2

How come this works as standalone project and not when i try to use it 
as in situation 2 it doesn't seem to find module file2.py ?
How can i solve that?

Thanks
Benedict
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Re: suggestions invited

[Konstantin Veretennicov]

On 22 Jun 2005 02:47:06 -0700, Aditi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> i have to make a system used by the IT department of a company which
> contains 31 applications and their details which are being used in a
> company ...the details are...
> Application sub application catagoryplatform
> languageversion IT
> owner   functional ownerremarks source code documentation 
>   last updated
> dates
> i want to design a system such that it lets the it employee enter the
> name of the application and gives him all the details about it...please
> suggest an appropriate design

Ahem...

Create a directory "appmon". In this directory create a text file for
each application. Put application details in file and name it after
application name. Users will be able to view details of a particular
application by using "cat appname" on unix or "type appname" on
windows, thus it is a portable solution. I believe this design fits
your requirements :)

- kv
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Re: Getting/Saving email attachments w/ poplib and email modules

[Tim Williams]

- Original Message - 
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> 
> Here's what I'm trying to do:
> 
> I need to connect to a pop3 server, download all messages, and copy all
> of the attachments into a specific directory.  The actual email message

##
import email
import poplib

mimes = ["image/tif","image/tiff","images/x-tif","image/x-tiff",
   "application/tif","application/tiff","application/x-tif",
   "application/x-tiff"]

def WriteAttachment(msg):
for part in msg.walk():
if part.get_type() in mimes:
name = part.get_filename()
data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
f = file(name,'wb')
f.write(data)
f.close()

ms = poplib.POP3(server)
ms.user(user)
ms.pass_(passw)

msgcount = len(ms.list()[1])
for i in range(msgcount):
response, msg_as_list, size = ms.retr(i+1)
msg = email.message_from_string('\r\n'.join(msg_as_list))
WriteAttachment(msg)

##
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Re: Compiling C++ extensions with distutils on Cygwin

[George Sakkis]

"George Sakkis" wrote:

> I'm trying to build a C++ extension on Cygwin, but it fails because
> distutils invokes gcc instead of g++. Looking into distutils internals,
> it turns out that compilation is assumed to be independent of the
> target language, while linking is not (CCompiler.compile() doesn't take
> a target_lang argument but CCompiler.link() does). Is there a good
> reason for this ?

Is this a coincidence or what ? A patch for exactly this issue was
posted just five days ago (http://python.org/sf/1222585), so it should
be fixed in 2.5.

George

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Re: getting an object name

[TZOTZIOY]

On Wed, 22 Jun 2005 09:00:23 +0100, rumours say that Simon Brunning
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> might have written:

>> Let's say I have a list called, alist. If I pass alist to a function,
>> how can I get the name of it?
>
>The effbot put it beautifully:

And IMO it should be in the FAQ:
(http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general.html)

"How do I get the name of an object?"

>"The same way as you get the name of that cat you found on your porch:
>the cat (object) itself cannot tell you its name, and it doesn't
>really care -- so the only way to find out what it's called is to ask
>all your neighbours (namespaces) if it's their cat (object) ... and
>don't be surprised if you'll find that it's known by many names, or no
>name at all!"

Whom should we bug to add it?
-- 
TZOTZIOY, I speak England very best.
"Be strict when sending and tolerant when receiving." (from RFC1958)
I really should keep that in mind when talking with people, actually...
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Re: A World Beyond Capitalism 2005, An Annual International Multiracial Alliance Building Peace Conference Is Accepting Proposals...

[Drazen Gemic]

Take your political propaganda somewhere else.

DG

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Re: python create WMI instances

[future_retro]

Create isn't a method of Win32_Printer so I couldn't get that to work.
.Create is a method of Win32_Process which (wait for it..) creates a
new process.  Unfortunatly there is no method to add a printer.  the
method .AddPrinterConnection will allow me to add a connection to an
existing print share but I want to create a printer with the option of
sharing it.

I think I'll have to do this with spawninstance.





Tim Golden wrote:
> [Marc Wyburn]
> |
> | Hi all, I am struggling with a vb - python code conversion.  I'm using
> | WMI to create printers on remote machines using (in VB);
> |
> | set oPrinter = oService.Get("Win32_Printer").SpawnInstance_
> |
> | oPrinter.DriverName = strDriver
> | oPrinter.PortName   = strPort
> | oPrinter.DeviceID   = strPrinter
> | oPrinter.Put_(kFlagCreateOnly)
> |
> | In python I have logged onto the WMI service on the remote machine and
> | I can run things like c.new.AddPrinterConnection so I know that I am
> | connected and working OK.  I don't get any errors when I create a new
> | object with SpawnInstance_ but when I try to set the value of
> | oPrinter.Drivername I get an error saying that the Drivername object
> | doesn't exist.  Does anyone know how to set the values of the object
> | using either the method above or with the WMI module?  I think the WMI
> | module only allows access to modify methods such ADDPrinterConnection
> | or Create (from Win32_Service).
>
> Not sure if I can help here or not, but just in case...
>
> As far as I understand you, the fact that you're creating
> on a remote machine is just an incidental, ie you'd have
> the same problem doing this locally.
>
> Part of the problem is that when VB does something
> like:
>
> oPrinter.DriverName = strDriver
>
> what's really happening behind the scenes is something
> like:
>
> oPrinter.Properties_ ("DriverName").Value = strDriver
>
> Now you can do that in Python. (In fact, that's what
> the wmi module does when it overrides __setattr__, followed
> by a Put_). So if you want to translate code fairly literally,
> then carry on as you were, but substitute the latter code for
> the former.
>
> Having said that, the wmi module *can* create new instances
> of classes. The problem is that I had/have little knowledge
> of how WMI works in this area, so what I've done may not
> be right. The method you're looking for is .new (aliased
> as .new_instance_of) and if you use help on that method,
> you'll get this:
>
> new(self, wmi_class) unbound wmi.WMI method
> Create a new , typically something like
> Win32_Process, eg:
>
> c = wmi.WMI ("remote_machine")
> for p in c.Win32_Process (name="notepad.exe"): print p
> c.new ("Win32_Process").Create (CommandLine="notepad.exe")
> for p in c.Win32_Process (name="notepad.exe"): print p
> p.Terminate ()
> for p in c.Win32_Process (name="notepad.exe"): print p
>
> Now this example works, but I notice from the code
> that what I did to make it work was to remove the
> SpawnInstance_ which I had, and replace it by an
> instance retrieval. ie I just do a Get on the class.
>
> I'll try to find some examples around of what you're
> doing which, up till now, I've not really needed to
> do. Meanwhile, I hope the above info is of some use.
>
> Feel free to respond with questions or comments. This
> can only get clearer!
>
> TJG
>
> 
> This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The
> service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive
> anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit:
> http://www.star.net.uk
> 

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Re: A tool for Python - request for some advice

[Mike Meyer]

"TPJ" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> I've written this script in bash, because I thought it would be better
> to have a script which would run in environment without Python (it all
> was about installing Python anyway!). I used bash, dialog, wget... And
> now someone suggested, that I shuld use Python. That using Python would
> lead to clearer and - probably - smaller code. (I have to admit it - my
> code in bash is just messy.)
> 
> And now I'm considering this idea. Python is already present on
> (almost?) every distribution today, so why worry about it's presence?

Is your target platform Linux? I've seen the claim that every Linux
distro comes with Python installed, but can't verify it.

On the other hand, not every Unix distribution comes with Python
installed.  BSD systems for instance tend to be pretty
minimalist. Solaris isn't minimalist, but you have to get Python from
a third party. This is probably true of other commercial Unix
distributions as well. MacOS X is a known exception - it comes with
Python preinstalled.

Then again, the same comments apply to bash. Distributions that have
their roots in AT&T Unix probably don't come with bash by default,
with Mac OS X being an exception. This makes depending on bash a bad
idea if you want to write a script that portable across Unix distros.

If your target platform is Linux, indications are that python is as
portable as bash. If your target platform is Unix, then the same is
true - except you shouldn't be writing bash if you want
portability. Try reading http://www.bsdatwork.com/2004/03/04/what_to_watch_out_for_when_writing_portable_shell_scripts/
> for what's involved in writing portable shell scripts.

  http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/
Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information.
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Re: Getting/Saving email attachments w/ poplib and email modules

[Mike Meyer]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

> Hello All,
> 
> Here's what I'm trying to do:
> 
> I need to connect to a pop3 server, download all messages, and copy all
> of the attachments into a specific directory.  The actual email message
> is unimportant.  Now, I've found plenty of examples that strip the
> attachments from an email message, but most (if not all) of them take a
> file parameter.  My question is this:
> 
> How can i retrieve an email message via poplib and pass it to
> email.message_from_string()?

A quick look at the poplib documentation shows the retr method, which gets
a message by number, and returns a list: ['response', ['line', ...], octets].

So to get a string, you'd do:

from poplib import POP3
from sys import exit

p = POP3('example.com')
# authentication, etc.
msg_list = p.list()
if not msg_list.startswith('+OK'):
# Handle error in listings
exit(1)

for msg in msg_list[1]:
msg_num, _ = msg.split()
resp = p.retr(msg_num)
if resp.startswith('+OK'):
email.message_from_string('\n'.join(resp[1]))
else:
# Deal with error retrieving message.

This is untested code, but the details of dealing with poplib should
be right.

  http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/
Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information.
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ANN: python-ldap-2.0.8

[Michael Ströder]

Find a new release of python-ldap:

  http://python-ldap.sourceforge.net/

python-ldap provides an object-oriented API to access LDAP directory
servers from Python programs. It mainly wraps the OpenLDAP 2.x libs for
that purpose. Additionally it contains modules for other LDAP-related
stuff (e.g. processing LDIF, LDAPURLs and LDAPv3 schema).


Released 2.0.8 2005-06-22 at Linuxtag 2005, Karlsruhe, Germany

Changes since 2.0.7:

* Preliminary support for receiving LDAP controls added.
  Contributor:
  - Andreas Ames

Lib:/
- Added classes in module ldif to ldif.__all__ to fix
  from ldif import *
- Removed BitString syntax from
  ldap.schema.models.NOT_HUMAN_READABLE_LDAP_SYNTAXES
  since the LDAP encoding is in fact human-readable
- ldapurl.LDAPUrlExtension.unparse() outputs empty string
  if LDAPUrlExtension.exvalue is None
- Added ldap.controls.SimplePagedResultsControl


Released 2.0.7 2005-04-29

Changes since 2.0.6:

* Added preliminary support for sending LDAP controls
  with a request.
  Contributors:
  - Deepak Giridharagopal
  - Ingo Steuwer
  (Receiving controls in LDAP results still not supported.)

Modules:
* LDAPObject.c: removed l_ldap_manage_dsa_it()
* LDAPObject.c: Added missing #ifdef around l_ldap_passwd()
  for compability with older OpenLDAP libs.

Lib:/
* New algorithm in ldap.schema.tokenizer.split_tokens()
  contributed by Wido Depping which is more robust
  when parsing very broken schema elements
  (e.g. Oracle's OID).
* Fixed argument list (position of timeout) when calling
  LDAPObject.search_ext_s() from search_st() and search_s().
* LDAPObject.search_ext_s() correctly calls search_ext_s() now.
* Re-implemented LDAPObject.manage_dsa_it() without calling _ldap.
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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Greg Lindstrom]

A bit off topic, but what does the expression "Don't try to teach your
grandfather how to suck eggs." mean?  I've never heard it before and am
curious to the story behind it.

Thanks,
--greg

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Re: Reading registry export files

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

It works fine for me on NT. I think it has nothing to do with Python
but with the way the file is created - what windows version are you on?
Also note the possibility the '/' - I prefer a noatation like below to
avoid ambiguity.

Python 2.3.4 (#53, May 25 2004, 21:17:02) [MSC v.1200 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
py> f = open(r"d:\test.reg")
py> r = f.read()
py> print r
REGEDIT4

I would do it like this however, then join all lists from various .reg
files:
py> f = open(r'd:\test.reg')
py> r = f.readlines()
py> print r
['REGEDIT4\n', '\n',
'[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Ole]\n', '"Enabl
eDCOM"="Y"\n',
'"DefaultLaunchPermission"=hex:01,00,04,80,64,00,00,00,80,00,00,0
0,00,00,00,00,\\\n', '
14,00,00,00,02,00,50,00,03,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00
,00,01,01,00,00,00,\\\n', '
00,00,05,12,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,
00,00,01,01,00,00,00,00,\\\n', '
00,05,04,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,0
0,00,00,01,02,00,00,00,00,00,\\\n', '
05,20,00,00,00,20,02,00,00,01,05,00,00,00
,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,5f,84,1f,\\\n', '
5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,03,f4,01,00,00,
01,05,00,00,00,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,\\\n', '
5f,84,1f,5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,0
3,f4,01,00,00\n', '\n']
>>>

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Ole]
"EnableDCOM"="Y"
"DefaultLaunchPermission"=hex:01,00,04,80,64,00,00,00,80,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,

14,00,00,00,02,00,50,00,03,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00,00,01,01,00,00,00,\

00,00,05,12,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00,00,01,01,00,00,00,00,\

00,05,04,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00,00,01,02,00,00,00,00,00,\

05,20,00,00,00,20,02,00,00,01,05,00,00,00,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,5f,84,1f,\

5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,03,f4,01,00,00,01,05,00,00,00,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,\
  5f,84,1f,5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,03,f4,01,00,00

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Re: Reading registry export files

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

It works fine for me on NT. I think it has nothing to do with Python
but with the way the file is created - what windows version are you on?
Also note the possibility the '/' - I prefer a noatation like below to
avoid ambiguity.

Python 2.3.4 (#53, May 25 2004, 21:17:02) [MSC v.1200 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
py> f = open(r"d:\test.reg")
py> r = f.read()
py> print r
REGEDIT4

I would do it like this however, then join all lists from various .reg
files:
py> f = open(r'd:\test.reg')
py> r = f.readlines()
py> print r
['REGEDIT4\n', '\n',
'[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Ole]\n', '"Enabl
eDCOM"="Y"\n',
'"DefaultLaunchPermission"=hex:01,00,04,80,64,00,00,00,80,00,00,0
0,00,00,00,00,\\\n', '
14,00,00,00,02,00,50,00,03,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00
,00,01,01,00,00,00,\\\n', '
00,00,05,12,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,
00,00,01,01,00,00,00,00,\\\n', '
00,05,04,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,0
0,00,00,01,02,00,00,00,00,00,\\\n', '
05,20,00,00,00,20,02,00,00,01,05,00,00,00
,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,5f,84,1f,\\\n', '
5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,03,f4,01,00,00,
01,05,00,00,00,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,\\\n', '
5f,84,1f,5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,0
3,f4,01,00,00\n', '\n']
>>>

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Ole]
"EnableDCOM"="Y"
"DefaultLaunchPermission"=hex:01,00,04,80,64,00,00,00,80,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,

14,00,00,00,02,00,50,00,03,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00,00,01,01,00,00,00,\

00,00,05,12,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00,00,01,01,00,00,00,00,\

00,05,04,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,18,00,01,00,00,00,01,02,00,00,00,00,00,\

05,20,00,00,00,20,02,00,00,01,05,00,00,00,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,5f,84,1f,\

5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,03,f4,01,00,00,01,05,00,00,00,00,00,05,15,00,00,00,a0,\
  5f,84,1f,5e,2e,6b,49,ce,12,03,03,f4,01,00,00

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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Tim Williams]

- Original Message - 
From: "Greg Lindstrom" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>


> A bit off topic, but what does the expression "Don't try to teach your
> grandfather how to suck eggs." mean?  I've never heard it before and am
> curious to the story behind it.

A relatively well know phrase, however  as quoted it is incorrect,  it
should have referred to "grandmother"

http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/18/messages/50.html
http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-tea1.htm

:)

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Re: A World Beyond Capitalism 2005, An Annual International Multiracial Alliance Building Peace Conference Is Accepting Proposals...

[Peter Hansen]

Jack Diederich wrote:
> The '.info' domain also defeats
> the linux 'whois' command to dig for registrar info.

Maybe so, but it's always pretty easy to Google for "whois" plus the 
domain to find a way of doing it via the web, in this case with 
http://www.afilias.info/cgi-bin/whois.cgi .

(It's registered to something called the Institute of Pamela, which 
seems to stand for "Peaceful Alliances facilitated by Multilingual, 
multiracial Education, handicapable outreach and native Language 
Accessibility".  I think this thing really exists, making this spam and 
not just a farce.)

-Peter
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Re: asynchronous comunication, wxPython and threads.

[Peter Hansen]

Zunbeltz Izaola wrote:
> I opened the socket once (i don't know if
> itit is important to open inside or outside the comunication thread). 

I don't believe it is important where it is opened, provided you don't 
try to do things with it from two threads at a time (without adequate 
protection).

> I didn't try it out but I
> think the problem is that i *do* comunication in both threads.

Almost certainly it is.  It would be simplest to set up a worker thread 
once, when the GUI thread begins, and simply send requests to it via a 
Queue.  It can create the socket, connect to the server, communicate, 
close it down, and go back to waiting all in one place (so to speak... 
of course this would be several methods all called from a top-level loop 
in that thread).  No chance of mis-steps.

-Peter
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Re: importing a package

[Damjan]

> I developed a package with a structure like this
> src/
> tesfile.py
> dir1/
> __init__.py
> file1.py
> dir2/
> __init__.py
> file2.py

Importing dir2/file2 from dir1/file1.py works here, because when yuo started
the testfile script the src/ directory was added to the sys.path list.

If you relocate dir1/ and dir2/ in a "package" directory here it will not
work.


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Python API to manipulate CAB files.

[Isaac Rodriguez]

Does anyone know of a Python API to manipulate CAB files?

Thanks,

-- 
Isaac Rodriguez
SWE Autodesk.

There are 10 types of people.
Those who undertand binary, and those who don't 


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Re: Reading registry export files

[Thorsten Kampe]

* [EMAIL PROTECTED] (2005-06-22 13:59 +0100)
> It works fine for me on NT. I think it has nothing to do with Python
> but with the way the file is created - what windows version are you on?

Windows uses UTF-16 since Windows 2000. Regedit offers the possibility
to export in the old Win9x/NT4 format.
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Re: C++ ActiveX python javascript communication trouble.

[BigBrian]

> I'm investingating a c++ api, Panda3d.com, that has a python binding.
> I want to convert this api into an ACtiveX control so it will run on
> the web.  When I do so I want to use Microsoft Script Control to call
> api routines from Javascript in the browser.
>
>
> Let's say I write up a game in python with my own functions. Then I
> embed it in a web page and I want to call my functions from javascript?
> How can I do it. Script control allows you to bind api functions to
> javascript, but not the functions in my python file.
>
> Adobe Atmoshere a 3D application that ran in a web page, had a
> javascript binding. You could write code in a javascript file, and it
> would be interpreted during start-up. After that, I could send function
> calls in the form of a string from the browser to atmosphere. How did
> this work?  Is the api aware of the python functions and variables
> after it is loaded up?
>
> Confused,
> Dan

So what's your question about the C++ language.  ActiveX, Javascript,
phython, web stuff are off topic.

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Re: sudoku dictionary attack

[Nigel Greenwood]

Nick Atty wrote:

> On-line canal route planner: http://www.canalplan.org.uk

So the Travelling Salesman goes by narrow boat these days, does he?

Nigel

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Database recommendations for Windows app

[Will McGugan]

Hi,

I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database. 
There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.

Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast / 
efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?

I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just 
that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is 
best for my task!


Thanks in advance,

Will McGugan
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"".join({'*':'@','^':'.'}.get(c,0) or chr(97+(ord(c)-84)%26) for c in 
"jvyy*jvyyzpthtna^pbz")
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Re: getting an object name

[Ron Adam]

David Bear wrote:
> Let's say I have a list called, alist. If I pass alist to a function,
> how can I get the name of it?
> 
> alist = range(10)
> 
> def afunction(list):
> listName = list.__name__ (fails for a list object)
> 

Using an object's name as data isn't a good idea because it will 
generally cause more problems than it solves.


If you have several different types of lists and need to handle them 
differently, then you might consider using class's that knows how to 
handle each type of list.

Also, if the name is really part of the data, then you should store the 
name as a string with the list.


class data1(object):
 def __init__(self, alist, name):
 self.list = alist
 self.name = name
 def data_type(self):
 print "This is a data1 object"

class data2(object):
 def __init__(self, alist, name):
 self.list = alist
 self.name = name
 def data_type(self):
 print "This is a data2 object"

list_a = data1( range(10), "small list")
print list_a.list
print list_a.name

list_b = data2( range(100), "large list")

def data_type(data):
 data.data_type()  # don't need the name here

data_type(list_a) # prints 'This is a data1 object'
data_type(list_b) # prints 'This is a data2 object'



You can also store a name with the list in a list if you don't want to 
use class's.

alist = ['mylist',range[10]]
print alist[0] # name
print alist[1] # list


Regards,
Ron

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[no subject]

[Doug Ly]

Is there a good IDE for Python? I have heard that Eclipse
has a plugin for Jython only.

Thanks

 

--Doug

 






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Re: Need Python web hosting ASAP

[MisterBuntMan]

textdrive.com

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'custom' events ?

[William Gill]

I am trying to create a Python UI in Tkinter and have several (frame) 
widgets that display various data fields.  I am trying to create a 
'changed' event that each widget can trigger when they have been edited. 
  I see lots of references that suggest that 'custom' events can be 
created, but haven’t found any that give me a clue as to how.  Also, can 
parent or sibling widgets capture the 'custom' event (similar to using 
)?

Thanks,

ill
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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Magnus Lycka]

Remi Villatel wrote:
> Erm... You totally missed the point. I wrote it this way because, first, 
> it's perfectly valid Python code and, second and most important, it's 
> also a valid english sentence.

Remi, I think you have failed to understand what Fredrik was
telling you. I can understand that, because he didn't actually
explain the problem. He probably thought it was obvious, but
it seems it wasn't.

"if a is b:" is equivalent to "if id(a) == id(b)". It doesn't
test whether two values are the equal, it tests whether a and b
are the same object. None is a singleton object in Python, but
True is not. (At least not in the Python versions I use.)

That means that you are relying on Python to use a performance
optimization (interning of some common values, in this case
the integer 1, which is what True is in practice).

In some cases, "==" and "is" happens to give the same result.
 >>> a = 1
 >>> b = 1
 >>> a == b
1
 >>> a is b
1

But often not.

 >>> c = 123456789
 >>> d = 123456789
 >>> c == d
1
 >>> c is d
0

Or, for an example of the opposite:

 >>> class Smaller:
... def __cmp__(self, other):
... return -1
...
 >>> s = Smaller()
 >>> b = a
 >>> a < b
1
 >>> b < a
1
 >>> a == b
0
 >>> a is b
1

In other words, a test like "if x is None:" makes sense,
since None is a singleton, but "if x is True:" certainly
seems like buggy code that just happens to work. You could
write "if x == True:" without risking a failure in some
Python implementation that doesn't intern True (i.e. 1)
if you are certain that x is 0 or 1, but it's completely
redundant. Why stop there? Why not write
"if x == True == True:" or "if x == True == True == True:"?
These are all logically equivalent. You could also write
"if x and True:", or "if x or not True" :)

I understand what your intentions are: You feel that your
code is easier to understand written the way you did it, but
it stops feeling like that once you have gotten fully into
your head that the expressions (a) and (a == True) are
logically equivalent if a is either True or False.

If you manage to get away from this "x == True" mind-set
you are likely to write better Python code.

First of all, a lot of Python values except 1 (a.k.a. True)
are logically true in a Python expression. It's considered
good form to exploit that. E.g.

if y: z = x / y
if text: print text
if l: cols = len(l[0])

In these cases, adding a "==True", would break the code, and
adding more "correct" comparisions would just clutter the code,
which hides the intent and raises the risk for bugs, and make
it more difficult to keep the code as flexible as Python code
can be. E.g. if you change the last statement to
"if l != []: cols = len(l[0])", you'll get in trouble if it
turns out that l = (). The uncluttered code will still work.

Secondly, if you ever write logical expressions that are more
complex, you will make them much more difficult to read unless
you drop that "== True" baggage.

I'm convinced that it's easier to understand

if past_six or past_three and saturday or sunday:

than to understand

if (past_six==True or
past_three==True and saturday==True or
sunday==True):

I'm also pretty sure it's easier to write the first without
making any mistake.
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Re: asynchronous comunication, wxPython and threads.

[Zunbeltz Izaola]

On Wed, 22 Jun 2005 09:28:31 -0400, Peter Hansen wrote:


> Almost certainly it is.  It would be simplest to set up a worker thread 
> once, when the GUI thread begins, and simply send requests to it via a 
> Queue.  It can create the socket, connect to the server, communicate, 
> close it down, and go back to waiting all in one place (so to speak... 
> of course this would be several methods all called from a top-level loop 
> in that thread).  No chance of mis-steps.

I corrected the problem. A bit of the comunication was done in the
GUI thread. 

Thanks again for your help.

Zunbeltz


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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Thomas Bartkus]

"Will McGugan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Hi,
>
> I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database.
> There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
>
> Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast /
> efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?
>
> I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just
> that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is
> best for my task!

If you are writing strictly for the MS Windows platform
   And
If the database is running single user with a "locally stored database" on a
Windows workstation.
   Then
The MS Access file based (.mdb) system is hard to argue with.
You wouldn't have to distribute the (rather expensive) Access application
since this is little more than a front for the underlying DAO/ADO database
libraries that are built into the warp and woof of MS Windows.  Your Python
application can address the DAO or ADO directly as these will libraries will
be pre-installed and/or freely available for MS Windows.  Fast, freely
available, no license restrictions, and no need for extra downloads for a
reasonably recent (Win2000, XP) operating system.

On the other hand, if operating system portability were a concern (as it
should be!), I might suggest MySQL.
A Python/MySQL application can jump between Windows to Linux (all flavors!)
to Unix to BSD without need to alter a single line of code.

You were writing a Python app, weren't you :-)
Thomas Bartkus


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a comprehensive Tkinter document?

[William Gill]

I know a major problem I am having is that I am finding lots of Tkinter 
information in 'fragments' of various , sometimes conflicting vintages. 
  For example the python reference I was using didn't show the '%%' as 
an escape sequence, I posted asking how to escape the '%' and after 
several helpful responses voila I found a more complete table of escape 
sequences.  Is there a comprehensive document or book that I can get 
that is relatively current?  I realize that updates and changes are 
dynamic, but I'm realizing that I am trying to use documents that look 
similar, only to find that one is several years old, or that another 
applies to an offshoot of Tkinter.  I'm not even sure Tkinter is the 
'preferred' gui anymore.  Any suggestions?

Bill
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Re: importing a package

[flupke]

Damjan wrote:
>>I developed a package with a structure like this
>>src/
>>tesfile.py
>>dir1/
>>__init__.py
>>file1.py
>>dir2/
>>__init__.py
>>file2.py
> 
> 
> Importing dir2/file2 from dir1/file1.py works here, because when yuo started
> the testfile script the src/ directory was added to the sys.path list.
> 
> If you relocate dir1/ and dir2/ in a "package" directory here it will not
> work.
> 
> 

Indeed, when i do this, then it works
import sys
sys.path.append('package')

However, why is it that package isn't added automatically to the pad?

Regards,
Benedict
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Gregory Piñero]

I always figured a problem with using MySQL was distribution.  Would
you have to tell your users to install MySQL and then to leave the
service running?  I've never found an easy way to embed MySQL into a
python app, and even if you could, would you then have to pay for it?

-Greg


On 6/22/05, Thomas Bartkus <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> "Will McGugan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> > Hi,
> >
> > I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database.
> > There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
> >
> > Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast /
> > efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?
> >
> > I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just
> > that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is
> > best for my task!
> 
> If you are writing strictly for the MS Windows platform
>   And
> If the database is running single user with a "locally stored database" on a
> Windows workstation.
>   Then
> The MS Access file based (.mdb) system is hard to argue with.
> You wouldn't have to distribute the (rather expensive) Access application
> since this is little more than a front for the underlying DAO/ADO database
> libraries that are built into the warp and woof of MS Windows.  Your Python
> application can address the DAO or ADO directly as these will libraries will
> be pre-installed and/or freely available for MS Windows.  Fast, freely
> available, no license restrictions, and no need for extra downloads for a
> reasonably recent (Win2000, XP) operating system.
> 
> On the other hand, if operating system portability were a concern (as it
> should be!), I might suggest MySQL.
> A Python/MySQL application can jump between Windows to Linux (all flavors!)
> to Unix to BSD without need to alter a single line of code.
> 
> You were writing a Python app, weren't you :-)
> Thomas Bartkus
> 
> 
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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Re: python create WMI instances

[future_retro]

Win32_Printer doesn't work with the Create method and
AddPrinterConnection only lets me add a connection to a share.  I'll
try and work out how to set the printer object properties in the format
suggested;

oPrinter.Properties_ ("DriverName").Value = strDriver 

Cheers, MW.

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RE: python create WMI instances

[Tim Golden]

[EMAIL PROTECTED]
| Win32_Printer doesn't work with the Create method and
| AddPrinterConnection only lets me add a connection to a share.  I'll
| try and work out how to set the printer object properties in 
| the format
| suggested;
| 
| oPrinter.Properties_ ("DriverName").Value = strDriver 
| 
| Cheers, MW.

I'm sorry my module won't have been much use to you
in this, but it would be *really* helpful if you
could post [a fragment of] the code you come up with
so I can see what changes I need to make to help our
future instance-spawners. It's just that I've never
had the need to do this, and don't have any time to
experiment at present.

Thanks
TJG


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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Dan]

Take a look at Firebird.  It can be run in embedded mode.  It might be 
overkill for your needs though...

On 6/22/2005 10:37 AM, Gregory Piñero wrote:
> I always figured a problem with using MySQL was distribution.  Would
> you have to tell your users to install MySQL and then to leave the
> service running?  I've never found an easy way to embed MySQL into a
> python app, and even if you could, would you then have to pay for it?
> 
> -Greg
> 
> 
> On 6/22/05, Thomas Bartkus <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
>>"Will McGugan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
>>news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>>
>>>Hi,
>>>
>>>I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database.
>>>There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
>>>
>>>Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast /
>>>efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?
>>>
>>>I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just
>>>that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is
>>>best for my task!
>>
>>If you are writing strictly for the MS Windows platform
>>  And
>>If the database is running single user with a "locally stored database" on a
>>Windows workstation.
>>  Then
>>The MS Access file based (.mdb) system is hard to argue with.
>>You wouldn't have to distribute the (rather expensive) Access application
>>since this is little more than a front for the underlying DAO/ADO database
>>libraries that are built into the warp and woof of MS Windows.  Your Python
>>application can address the DAO or ADO directly as these will libraries will
>>be pre-installed and/or freely available for MS Windows.  Fast, freely
>>available, no license restrictions, and no need for extra downloads for a
>>reasonably recent (Win2000, XP) operating system.
>>
>>On the other hand, if operating system portability were a concern (as it
>>should be!), I might suggest MySQL.
>>A Python/MySQL application can jump between Windows to Linux (all flavors!)
>>to Unix to BSD without need to alter a single line of code.
>>
>>You were writing a Python app, weren't you :-)
>>Thomas Bartkus
>>
>>
>>--
>>http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>>
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Re: a comprehensive Tkinter document?

[Kent Johnson]

William Gill wrote:
> I know a major problem I am having is that I am finding lots of Tkinter 
> information in 'fragments' of various , sometimes conflicting vintages. 
>  For example the python reference I was using didn't show the '%%' as an 
> escape sequence, I posted asking how to escape the '%' and after several 
> helpful responses voila I found a more complete table of escape 
> sequences.  Is there a comprehensive document or book that I can get 
> that is relatively current?  

Maybe not comprehensive but I think reasonably current:
http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/index.htm
http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/

Kent
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Dave Cook]

On 2005-06-22, Will McGugan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database. 
> There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
>
> Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast / 
> efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?

http://pysqlite.org

Dave Cook
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PEP ? os.listdir enhancement

[Riccardo Galli]

Hi,
I noticed that when I use os.listdir I need to work with absolute paths
90% of times.
While I can use a for cycle, I'd prefere to use a list comprehension,
 but it becomes too long.

I propose to add an 'abs' keyword which would make os.listdir return the
absolute path of files instead of a relative path.
This would bring only advantages, I think.

I show two examples

from os import listdir
from os.path import isdir,join,getsize,isfile

### e.g. 1 part 1 - getting a list of directories ### 
dirs=[]
for i in os.listdir(path):
tmp_path=os.path.join(path,i)
if os.path.isdir(tmp_path):
dirs.append(tmp_path)

### e.g. 1 part 2 ###
dirs=[join(path,x) for x in listdir(path) if isdir(join(path,x))]

here the list comprehension is still clear, but only because we have
direct references to join and friends. moreover whe need to use join twice
for each directory.

### e.g. 2 part 1 - getting a list of (file,size) tuples ### 
path_size=[]
for i in os.listdir(path):
tmp_path=os.path.join(path,i)
if os.path.isfile(tmp_path):
path_size.append((tmp_path,getsize(tmp_path))

### e.g. 2 part 2 ###
dirs=[(join(path,x),getsize(join(path,x)) for x in listdir(path) if
isfile(join(path,x))]


now list comprehension is way too long, and in the worst case we must use
join 3 times for each iteration.

adding an 'abs' keyword to os.listdir would give benefits both to for
cycle and list comprehensions.
for cycle would lose the tmp_path assignment and list comprehensions ...


### e.g. 1 part 2 bis ###
dirs=[x for x in listdir(path,abs=True) if isdir(x)]

here we gain clearness and speed.

### e.g. 2 part 2 bis ### 
dirs=[(x,getsize(x)) for x in listdir(path,abs=True) if isfile(x)]

and here we gain clearness, speed and a truely _usable_ list comprehension

What do you think about this ?

Thanks for reading,
Riccardo

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Sideralis Programs
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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Michael Hoffman]

Remi Villatel wrote:
> Fredrik Lundh wrote:
>> checking if a logical expression is true by comparing it to True is bad
>> style, and comparing values using "is" is also bad style.
> 
> I wrote it this way because, first, it's perfectly valid Python code and,
 > second and most important, it's also a valid english sentence.

As others have pointed out, it's not perfectly valid code. In fact it is 
frequently incorrect.

> [CENSORED] I keep for myself how stupid I found your post...
> Don't try to teach your grandfather how to suck eggs.

You apparently don't know how to do it without getting egg on your face.
-- 
Michael Hoffman
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Looking for a web-based messaging system

[Mike Meyer]

One of my clients has a need for a web-based messaging
system. Something python-based is preferred, as that's where our
expertise is, but web frameworks built in Python are perfectly
acceptable. If you know of something really good that isn't in Python,
I wouldn't mind hearing about it - but I do have a long list of
non-python solutions.

I've got a pretty full set of requirements. Basically, the user should
log in to the web site and get a list of outstanding messages.  It
*has* to support multiple browser windows with different views of the
list.

Capabilities wanted include sorting in both directions and on multiple
fields. Filtering based on arbitrary fields - including both ANDing
and ORing together filtering criteria. It should be possible to group
related messages together, with a single line display summarizing the
group. Likewise, it should be possible to fold related messages into
a single line, and unfold specific instances.

We'd like the messages to be stored in an SQL database - we're using 
postgres - so we can use our existing report generation tools.

The only licensing requirement is that we get source so we can tailor
the product to our needs. Commercial is perfectly fine. GPL is
acceptable, but not preferred.

So far, the only thing I've found that comes remotely close to this is
BoBoMail.

Thanks,
  http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/
Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information.
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Magnus Lycka]

Will McGugan wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database. 
> There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
> 
> Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast / 
> efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?
> 
> I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just 
> that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is 
> best for my task!

Neither do we, considering that brief description.

Will there be multiple simultaneous users?
Multiple simultaneous writers?
Do you require proper transaction management?
   (Or is it a pure read-only database, since you know
exactly how many records the largest table has?)
Do you need to make ad-hoc queries?
What will your code look like?
* Is it object-oriented?
* Are there a lot of fixed relations between objects?
Are there other requirements such as need for undo or
   change history management?
Does the application work with small chunks of data at a time
   (such as in a ticket ordering system) or with larger chunks
   (such as in a web site CMS)?
What size is it? It's a big difference between 455,905 integers
   and 455,905 mp3 files for instance...
"A number of tables" tells us very little, more than suggesting
   that it's more than one... Ten and 200 makes a big difference.
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Magnus Lycka]

Thomas Bartkus wrote:
> If you are writing strictly for the MS Windows platform
>And
> If the database is running single user with a "locally stored database" on a
> Windows workstation.
>Then
> The MS Access file based (.mdb) system is hard to argue with.

I disagree. What does .mdb/jet without Access offer you that you
don't get from e.g. SQLite except vendor lock-in and horrible
deviations from the SQL standard? Ok, it does give you somewhat
stronger typing, which you might possibly want, but if that's
an issue, I'd suggest embedded firebird (if we want serverless).

I'm not entirely sure something SQLish is the way to go though.

Also, the best ODBC adaper for Python, mxODBC, isn't free. Last
time I used adodbapi, it was a bit buggy, and pure ADO or DAO
solutions don't follow the Python standard DB-API 2.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: pickle broken: can't handle NaN or Infinity under win32

[Scott David Daniels]

Grant Edwards wrote:
> I finally figured out why one of my apps sometimes fails under
> Win32 when it always works fine under Linux: Under Win32, the
> pickle module only works with a subset of floating point
> values.  In particular the if you try to dump/load an infinity
> or nan value, the load operation chokes:
There is no completely portable way to do this.  Any single platform
can have a solution, but (since the C standards don't address how
NaNs and Infs are represented) there is not a good portable way to do
the pickle / unpickle.  It is nice the exception is raised, since at
one point it was not (and a simple 1.0 was returned).
See explanations in article 654866:

http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=714733&group_id=5470&atid=105470

>   $ python pickletest.py
>   Traceback (most recent call last): ...
> File "C:\PYTHON23\lib\pickle.py", line 968, in load_float
>   self.append(float(self.readline()[:-1]))
>   ValueError: invalid literal for float(): 1.#INF

> I realize that this is probably due to underlying brokenness in
> the Win32 libc implimentation, but should the pickle module
> hide such platform-dependancies from the user?
As mentioned above, there is no C standard-accessible way to
predictably build or represent NaNs, negative zeroes, or Infinities.

> [NaN and Infinity are prefectly valid (and extremely useful)
> floating point values, and not using them would require huge
> complexity increases in my apps (not using them would probably
> at least triple the amount of code required in some cases).]

You could check to see if the Python 2.5 pickling does a better
job.  Otherwise, you've got your work cut out for you.

-Scott David Daniels
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Dr. Dobb's Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jun 22)

[Simon Brunning]

QOTW: "Python is more concerned with making it easy to write good programs
than difficult to write bad ones." - Steve Holden

"Scientists build so that they can learn. Programmers and engineers learn
so that they can build." - Magnus Lycka

"It happens that old Java programmers make one module per class when they
start using Python. That's more or less equivalent of never using more
than 8.3 characters in filenames in modern operating systems, or to make
a detour on your way to work because there used to be a fence blocking the
shortest way a long time ago." - Magnus Lycka


Python doesn't currently have a case or switch statement. Case blocks
are easily simulated with if, elif, and else, but would Python's
readability benefit from having it built in?:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/29e45afc78adcd15

A Podcast worth listening to at last. Guido speaks on Python's history
and community:
http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail545.html
http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail559.html

If your class implements __eq__ but not __ne__, (a = b) does not imply
!(a != b). If this something that should be fixed, or just a "gotcha"?

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/f6e0986b2c0f01c0

John Machin instructively analyzes several of Excel's defects as a
data-management vehicle, obliquely highlighting Python's Zen.  Tim
Roberts follows up with a small but potentially crucial addendum
pertinent, among others, to those who deal with USA "zip codes":

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/index/browse_frm/thread/d14b13c8bc6e8515/

Recent (unreleased) work on distutils allows you to automatically
upload packages to PyPI:
http://www.amk.ca/diary/archives/003937.html

Text files and line endings; Python helps you out on Windows, which can
be a little confusing:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2d3f61b949bca0e9

Kalle wants to protect his instance attributes. He's warned off the
idea, but at the same time, alex23 demonstrates an interesting way of
doing it using properties():

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/9f7c29fed95d7586

Creating a Python iterator by wrapping any callable:

http://bob.pythonmac.org/archives/2005/06/14/python-iterators-and-sentinel-values/

Richard Lewis wants resumable exceptions. Python doesn't have them,
but Peter Hansen shows him how to achieve what he wants, and Willem
shows us how resumable exceptions work in Lisp:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/e3dafce228dd4258

Jan Danielsson is confused about the difference between __str__ and
__repr__, and what they are both for:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b37f1e3fae1154d6

The Kamaelia Framework; communicating with and linking Python generators:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp113.shtml

Ron Adams proposes an "also" block to be executed if a "for" loop's
"else" block isn't, and more controversially, that the "else" block's
meaning be switched:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b15de260c5ca02e0

How you convince your marketing drones that switching from Python to
Java would be A Bad Thing?

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/5b6d1ff54640e9b1

Why should an ambitious 14-year-old look at Python? (And why source-code
hiding is a waste of time.)

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/107a4da1dd45b915



Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in
these pages:

Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional
center of Pythonia
http://www.python.org
Notice especially the master FAQ
http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html

PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the
marvelous daily python url
 http://www.pythonware.com/daily  
Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new)
World-Wide Web articles related to Python.
 http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html 
While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL
are utterly different in their technologies and generally in
their results.

For far, FAR more Python reading than any one mind should
absorb, much of it quite interesting, several pages index
much of the universe of Pybloggers.
http://lowlife.jp/cgi-bin/moin.cgi/PythonProgrammersWeblog
http://www.planetpy

Dr. Dobb's Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jun 22)

[Simon Brunning]

QOTW: "Python is more concerned with making it easy to write good programs
than difficult to write bad ones." - Steve Holden

"Scientists build so that they can learn. Programmers and engineers learn
so that they can build." - Magnus Lycka

"It happens that old Java programmers make one module per class when they
start using Python. That's more or less equivalent of never using more
than 8.3 characters in filenames in modern operating systems, or to make
a detour on your way to work because there used to be a fence blocking the
shortest way a long time ago." - Magnus Lycka


Python doesn't currently have a case or switch statement. Case blocks
are easily simulated with if, elif, and else, but would Python's
readability benefit from having it built in?:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/29e45afc78adcd15

A Podcast worth listening to at last. Guido speaks on Python's history
and community:
http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail545.html
http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail559.html

If your class implements __eq__ but not __ne__, (a = b) does not imply
!(a != b). If this something that should be fixed, or just a "gotcha"?

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/f6e0986b2c0f01c0

John Machin instructively analyzes several of Excel's defects as a
data-management vehicle, obliquely highlighting Python's Zen.  Tim
Roberts follows up with a small but potentially crucial addendum
pertinent, among others, to those who deal with USA "zip codes":

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/index/browse_frm/thread/d14b13c8bc6e8515/

Recent (unreleased) work on distutils allows you to automatically
upload packages to PyPI:
http://www.amk.ca/diary/archives/003937.html

Text files and line endings; Python helps you out on Windows, which can
be a little confusing:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2d3f61b949bca0e9

Kalle wants to protect his instance attributes. He's warned off the
idea, but at the same time, alex23 demonstrates an interesting way of
doing it using properties():

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/9f7c29fed95d7586

Creating a Python iterator by wrapping any callable:

http://bob.pythonmac.org/archives/2005/06/14/python-iterators-and-sentinel-values/

Richard Lewis wants resumable exceptions. Python doesn't have them,
but Peter Hansen shows him how to achieve what he wants, and Willem
shows us how resumable exceptions work in Lisp:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/e3dafce228dd4258

Jan Danielsson is confused about the difference between __str__ and
__repr__, and what they are both for:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b37f1e3fae1154d6

The Kamaelia Framework; communicating with and linking Python generators:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp113.shtml

Ron Adams proposes an "also" block to be executed if a "for" loop's
"else" block isn't, and more controversially, that the "else" block's
meaning be switched:

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b15de260c5ca02e0

How you convince your marketing drones that switching from Python to
Java would be A Bad Thing?

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/5b6d1ff54640e9b1

Why should an ambitious 14-year-old look at Python? (And why source-code
hiding is a waste of time.)

http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/107a4da1dd45b915



Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in
these pages:

Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional
center of Pythonia
http://www.python.org
Notice especially the master FAQ
http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html

PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the
marvelous daily python url
 http://www.pythonware.com/daily  
Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new)
World-Wide Web articles related to Python.
 http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html 
While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL
are utterly different in their technologies and generally in
their results.

For far, FAR more Python reading than any one mind should
absorb, much of it quite interesting, several pages index
much of the universe of Pybloggers.
http://lowlife.jp/cgi-bin/moin.cgi/PythonProgrammersWeblog
http://www.planetpy

Re: Python API to manipulate CAB files.

[Peter Maas]

Isaac Rodriguez schrieb:
> Does anyone know of a Python API to manipulate CAB files?

If there is a Windows API you can probybly call it from Python
using Mark Hammond's Win32 extensions.

-- 
---
Peter Maas,  M+R Infosysteme,  D-52070 Aachen,  Tel +49-241-93878-0
E-mail 'cGV0ZXIubWFhc0BtcGx1c3IuZGU=\n'.decode('base64')
---
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: PEP ? os.listdir enhancement

[Jeff Epler]

Why not just define the function yourself?  Not every 3-line function
needs to be built in.

def listdir_joined(path):
return [os.path.join(path, entry) for entry in os.listdir(path)]

dirs = [x for x in listdir_joined(path) if os.path.isdir(x)]

path_size = [(x, getsize(x)) for x in listdir_joined(path) if os.path.isfile(x)]


Jeff


pgpwXvnkgy6r4.pgp
Description: PGP signature
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Re: a comprehensive Tkinter document?

[William Gill]

Kent Johnson wrote:
> William Gill wrote:
> 
>> I know a major problem I am having is that I am finding lots of 
>> Tkinter information in 'fragments' of various , sometimes conflicting 
>> vintages.  For example the python reference I was using didn't show 
>> the '%%' as an escape sequence, I posted asking how to escape the '%' 
>> and after several helpful responses voila I found a more complete 
>> table of escape sequences.  Is there a comprehensive document or book 
>> that I can get that is relatively current?  
> 
> 
> Maybe not comprehensive but I think reasonably current:
> http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/index.htm
> http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/
> 
> Kent

Yes, these are two of my staples, though I have occasionally slipped 
into 'copies' elsewhere that aren't kept up.

Thanks,

Bill
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Thomas Bartkus]

Will McGugan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Hi,
>
> I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database.
> There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
>
> Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast /
> efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?
>
> I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just
> that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is
> best for my task!

If you are writing strictly for the MS Windows platform
   And
If the database is running single user with a "locally stored database" on a
Windows workstation.
   Then
The MS Access file based (.mdb) system is hard to argue with.
You wouldn't have to distribute the (rather expensive) Access application
since this is little more than a front for the underlying DAO/ADO database
libraries that are built into the warp and woof of MS Windows.  Your Python
application can address the DAO or ADO directly as these will libraries will
be pre-installed and/or freely available for MS Windows.  Fast, freely
available, no license restrictions, and no need for extra downloads for a
reasonably recent (Win2000, XP) operating system.

On the other hand, if operating system portability were a concern (as it
should be!), I might suggest MySQL.
A Python/MySQL application can jump between Windows to Linux (all flavors!)
to Unix to BSD without need to alter a single line of code.

You were writing a Python app, weren't you :-)
Thomas Bartkus



-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Loop until condition is true

[Jeff Epler]

def until(pred):
yield None
while True:
if pred(): break
yield None

def example():
i = 0
for _ in until(lambda: x==0):
x = 10 - i
i += 1
print x, i

example()


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Description: PGP signature
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Dan]

On 6/22/2005 11:38 AM, Thomas Bartkus wrote:
> Will McGugan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> 
>>Hi,
>>
>>I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database.
>>There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.
>>
>>Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast /
>>efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?
>>
>>I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just
>>that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is
>>best for my task!
> 
> 
> If you are writing strictly for the MS Windows platform
>And
> If the database is running single user with a "locally stored database" on a
> Windows workstation.
>Then
> The MS Access file based (.mdb) system is hard to argue with.
> You wouldn't have to distribute the (rather expensive) Access application
> since this is little more than a front for the underlying DAO/ADO database
> libraries that are built into the warp and woof of MS Windows.  Your Python
> application can address the DAO or ADO directly as these will libraries will
> be pre-installed and/or freely available for MS Windows.  Fast, freely
> available, no license restrictions, and no need for extra downloads for a
> reasonably recent (Win2000, XP) operating system.
> 

And then XP Autoupdate executes, some of those Access/MSDE libraries are 
updated, and you app is broken.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: PEP ? os.listdir enhancement

[Peter Hansen]

Riccardo Galli wrote:
> I noticed that when I use os.listdir I need to work with absolute paths
> 90% of times.
> While I can use a for cycle, I'd prefere to use a list comprehension,
>  but it becomes too long.
> 
> ### e.g. 1 part 1 - getting a list of directories ### 
> dirs=[]
> for i in os.listdir(path):
> tmp_path=os.path.join(path,i)
> if os.path.isdir(tmp_path):
> dirs.append(tmp_path)
> 
> ### e.g. 1 part 2 ###
> dirs=[join(path,x) for x in listdir(path) if isdir(join(path,x))]

Using Jason Orendorff's "path" module, all this code basically collapses 
down to this beauty (with your variable "path" renamed to myPath to 
avoid a name collision):

from path import path
dirs = path(myPath).abspath().dirs()

-Peter
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: pickle broken: can't handle NaN or Infinity under win32

[Grant Edwards]

On 2005-06-22, Scott David Daniels <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>> I finally figured out why one of my apps sometimes fails under
>> Win32 when it always works fine under Linux: Under Win32, the
>> pickle module only works with a subset of floating point
>> values.  In particular the if you try to dump/load an infinity
>> or nan value, the load operation chokes:
>
> There is no completely portable way to do this.

Python deals with all sorts of problems for which there is no
completely portable solution.  Remember: "practicality beats purity."

> Any single platform can have a solution, but (since the C
> standards don't address how NaNs and Infs are represented)
> there is not a good portable way to do the pickle / unpickle.

Likewise, there is no completely portable python
implimentation.  Any single platform can have a Python
implimentation, but since the C standards don't address a
universal standard for "a computer" there is not a good
portable way to do Python.  I guess we'd better give up on
Python.  :)

> It is nice the exception is raised, since at one point it was
> not (and a simple 1.0 was returned).

That would be even worse.

>> [NaN and Infinity are prefectly valid (and extremely useful)
>> floating point values, and not using them would require huge
>> complexity increases in my apps (not using them would probably
>> at least triple the amount of code required in some cases).]
>
> You could check to see if the Python 2.5 pickling does a better
> job.  Otherwise, you've got your work cut out for you.

Fixing it is really quite trivial.  It takes less than a dozen
lines of code.  Just catch the exception and handle it.

def load_float(self):
s = self.readline()[:-1]
try:
f = float(s)
except ValueError:
s = s.upper()
if s in ["1.#INF", "INF"]:
f = 1e300*1e300
elif s in ["-1.#INF", "-INF"]:
f = -1e300*1e300
elif s in ["NAN","1.#QNAN","QNAN","1.#IND","IND","-1.#IND"]:
f = -((1e300*1e300)/(1e300*1e300))
else:
raise ValueError, "Don't know what to do with "+`s`
self.append(f)

Obviously the list of accepted string values should be expanded
to include other platforms as needed.  The above example
handles Win32 and glibc (e.g. Linux).

Even better, add that code to float().

-- 
Grant Edwards   grante Yow!  Is the EIGHTIES
  at   when they had ART DECO
   visi.comand GERALD McBOING-BOING
   lunch boxes??
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

how to use more than 1 __init__ constructor in a class ?

[scott]

hi people,

can someone tell me, how to use a class like that* (or "simulate" more 
than 1 constructor) :
#--
class myPointClass:
   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
 self.x = x
 self.y = y
   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
 self.__init__(self, x, y)
 self.z = z
#--

tia people
scott

*this is not homework
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http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

RE: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Hughes, Chad O]

Firebird is cross platform (you would need the classic server version)
look at the following post:

http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-June/286366.html

Chad

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of
Will McGugan
Sent: Wednesday, June 22, 2005 7:14 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Database recommendations for Windows app


Hi,

I'd like to write a windows app that accesses a locally stored database.

There are a number of tables, the largest of which has 455,905 records.

Can anyone recommend a database that runs on Windows, is fast / 
efficient and can be shipped without restrictions or extra downloads?

I have googled and found plenty of information on databases, its just 
that I dont have enough experience with databases to know which one is 
best for my task!


Thanks in advance,

Will McGugan
-- 
http://www.willmcgugan.com
"".join({'*':'@','^':'.'}.get(c,0) or chr(97+(ord(c)-84)%26) for c in 
"jvyy*jvyyzpthtna^pbz")
-- 
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-- 
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Re: how to use more than 1 __init__ constructor in a class ?

[Steve]

Hi Scott,
> can someone tell me, how to use a class like that* (or "simulate" more
> than 1 constructor) :

One approach could be:

class myPointClass:
def __init__(self, **args):
for k, v in args.items():
setattr(self, k, v)

> *this is not homework
Just to be safe, I'll leave out the explanation :)

Regards
Steve

On 6/22/05, scott <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> hi people,
> 
> can someone tell me, how to use a class like that* (or "simulate" more
> than 1 constructor) :
> #--
> class myPointClass:
>def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
>  self.x = x
>  self.y = y
>def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
>  self.__init__(self, x, y)
>  self.z = z
> #--
> 
> tia people
> scott
> 
> *this is not homework
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
-- 
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Re: how to use more than 1 __init__ constructor in a class ?

[Michael Hoffman]

scott wrote:

> can someone tell me, how to use a class like that* (or "simulate" more 
> than 1 constructor) :
> #--
> class myPointClass:
>   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
> self.x = x
> self.y = y
>   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
> self.__init__(self, x, y)
> self.z = z
> #--

Well for the example you used, multiple constructors are not needed. 
This will get you the same result as what I imagine you wanted the
first example to do:

class myPointClass:
 def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
  self.x = x
  self.y = y
  self.z = z
-- 
Michael Hoffman
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Thomas Bartkus]

"Dan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> On 6/22/2005 11:38 AM, Thomas Bartkus wrote:
> > Will McGugan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >
>
> And then XP Autoupdate executes, some of those Access/MSDE libraries are
> updated, and you app is broken.

Hasn't happened yet!

For the record - I wouldn't recommend automatic updates of any kind for a
Linux/MySQL system either.  For precisely the same reasons.

Thomas Bartkus



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Re: PEP ? os.listdir enhancement

[Michael Hoffman]

Peter Hansen wrote:

> Using Jason Orendorff's "path" module, all this code basically collapses 
> down to this beauty (with your variable "path" renamed to myPath to 
> avoid a name collision):

This has to be the non-stdlib library I use the most. It's a great module.
-- 
Michael Hoffman
-- 
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Re: JEP and JPype in a single process

[Steve Menard]

Steve Menard wrote:
> skn wrote:
> 
>> Hello,
>>
>> I have written a very simple java class file, which invokes a Python 
>> script
>> using JEP.
>>
>> Code snippet:-
>> ---
>> Jep jep = new Jep(false);
>> jep.runScript("C:\\temp\\testscript.py");
>> jep.close();
>>
>> Now inside this Python script I want to make Java calls using JPype.
>> If I use startjvm() inside this Python script, a Runtime Error 
>> (exception)
>> is thrown.
>> Also tried attachThreadToJVM(), but doesn't work, again Runtime Error.
>>
>> Any clues as to how I could achieve my goal??
>> The interaction shown below should happen in a single process.
>>
>> JAVA ==> jep ==> PYTHON ==> jpype ==> JAVA
>>
>> Regards,
>> skn
>>
>>
> 
> You're trying to do something I hope to make possible somewhere down the 
> road ...
> 
> As of today, I do not think it is possible. JPype does not provide a way 
> to initialize the JVM-bridge system except for startJvm .. which seems 
> to be prohibited when a JVM is already running.
> 
> AttachThreadToJVM will only work once the JVM-bridge system has been 
> initialize.
> 
> I will look into providing a sister method to startJVM to attach to the 
> currently running JVM instead of starting a new one. IF it does not 
> require major changes I will release it as 0.5.1. If you'd like you can 
> submit an enhancement request on the JPype sourceforge page, so this 
> doesn't get lost.
> 
> 
> 

OK .. it now works. There are a few caveats that cannot be resolved 
until either JEP and JPype can somehow cooperate or I finish what I 
started and basically fold the JEP functionality in JPype.

I will release the new functionality in as version 0.5.1. The "gotchas" 
are going to be in a readme-jep.txt file.

-- 
Steve Menard

Maintainer of http://jpype.sourceforge.net
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MySQLdb reconnect

[Damjan]

Does MySQLdb automatically reconnect if the connection to the database is
broken?

I'm asking this since I have a longrunning Python precess that is connected
to Mysql-4.1.11, and I execute "set names utf8" when I connect to it.

But after running a day the results from the python program were displayed
as if the "set names utf8" was not executed i.e. I got question marks where
utf-8 cyrillics should've appeared. After restarting the Python program
everything was ok, just as when I first started it.

The long running Python process is actually a scgi quixote web application.


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Re: how to use more than 1 __init__ constructor in a class ?

[Paul McGuire]

This recipe that I submitted to the Python Cookbook
(http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/223611)
describes a technique for doing this.  I use the example of creating
Color objects for plotting to a bitmap, using either R,G,andB values,
or a single integer representing the RGB encoded value.

This style you describe is a Java language artifact.  If you have
optional params, then these really don't represent different method
signatures.  In my color example, you truly have different signatures,
either 3 integers representing color components, or a single encoded
integer.

-- Paul

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Re: how to use more than 1 __init__ constructor in a class ?

[Rocco Moretti]

scott wrote:
> hi people,
> 
> can someone tell me, how to use a class like that* (or "simulate" more 
> than 1 constructor) :
> #--
> class myPointClass:
>   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
> self.x = x
> self.y = y
>   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
> self.__init__(self, x, y)
> self.z = z
> #--
> 

You might try:

#--
class myPointClass:
   def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=None):
 self.x = x
 self.y = y
 if z is not None:
self.z = z
#--

You could also turn __init__ into a dispatch fuction:

#--
class myPointClass:
   def __init__(self, *args):
 if len(args) <= 2:
   self.__init_two(*args)
 if len(args) == 3:
   self.__init_three(*args)
   def __init_two(self, x=0, y=0):
 self.x = x
 self.y = y
   def __init_three(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
 self.__init_two(x, y)
 self.z = z
#--

But I would definitely recommend looking at your algorithm to determine 
if there is a better way to do what you want, that doesn't require an 
initilizer with two different signatures.
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timedelta comparision with gmtime()

[Florian Lindner]

Hello,
I want to know if a certain duration is over.
I try it like this with timedelta objects:

d = datetime.timedelta(minutes = 2)
t = time.gmtime()
print (t + d < time.gmtime())

gives:

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'datetime.timedelta' and
'time.struct_time'

How to do that right?

Thanks,

Florian


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Re: Loop until condition is true

[Scott David Daniels]

Magnus Lycka wrote:
> In some cases, "==" and "is" happens to give the same result.
>  >>> a = 1
>  >>> b = 1
>  >>> a == b
> 1
>  >>> a is b
> 1
> 
> But often not.
> 
>  >>> c = 123456789
>  >>> d = 123456789
>  >>> c == d
> 1
>  >>> c is d
> 0
> 
...
> First of all, a lot of Python values except 1 (a.k.a. True)
> are logically true in a Python expression

Actually, True and 1 are interesting examples.

 >>> a, b = 1, True
 >>> a == b
True

 >>> a is b
False


I suspect you simply forgot this fact.

--Scott David Daniels
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: pickle broken: can't handle NaN or Infinity under win32

[Scott David Daniels]

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2005-06-22, Scott David Daniels <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>>...Under Win32, the pickle module only works with a subset of
>>> floating point values.  In particular ... infinity or nan ...
>>
>>There is no completely portable way to do this.
> 
> Python deals with all sorts of problems for which there is no
> completely portable solution.  Remember: "practicality beats purity."
> 
>>Any single platform can have a solution, but (since the C
>>standards don't address how NaNs and Infs are represented)
>>there is not a good portable way to do the pickle / unpickle.
> ... 
> Fixing it is really quite trivial.  It takes less than a dozen
> lines of code.  Just catch the exception and handle it.
Since you know it is quite trivial, and I don't, why not submit a
patch resolving this issue.  Be sure to include tests for all
supported Python platforms.

--Scott David Daniels
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Magnus Lycka]

Gregory Piñero wrote:
> I always figured a problem with using MySQL was distribution.  Would
> you have to tell your users to install MySQL and then to leave the
> service running?  I've never found an easy way to embed MySQL into a
> python app, and even if you could, would you then have to pay for it?

There are more reasons than that not to use MySQL...
See e.g. http://sql-info.de/mysql/gotchas.html

It seems a lot of the most badly missed features are
appearing in MySQL 5.0, but as features are added, I
suppose the claimed advantages in performance and
simplicity withers away, and these features can hardly
be considered very mature yet. (One should also note
that MySQL manuals have often claimed that features
it lacked were useless, or even dangerous, until
MySQL AB decided to implement them themselves... :)


Also, the GPL/Commercial licence is not a good thing
for commercial apps, particularly since this licence
applies even to client libs.

Recent PostgreSQL versions are stable, fast, and have
native Windows versions.
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Re: pickle broken: can't handle NaN or Infinity under win32

[Grant Edwards]

On 2005-06-22, Scott David Daniels <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>> Fixing it is really quite trivial.  It takes less than a dozen
>> lines of code.  Just catch the exception and handle it.
>
> Since you know it is quite trivial, and I don't, why not
> submit a patch resolving this issue.  Be sure to include tests
> for all supported Python platforms.

I'm working on it.  I should have said it's trivial if you have
access to the platforms to be supported.  I've tested a fix
that supports pickle streams generated under Win32 and glibc.
That's using the "native" string representation of a NaN or
Inf.

A perhaps simpler approach would be to define a string
representation for Python to use for NaN and Inf.  Just because
something isn't defined by the C standard doesn't mean it can't
be defined by Python.

-- 
Grant Edwards   grante Yow!  I'm shaving!! I'M
  at   SHAVING!!
   visi.com
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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Cameron Laird]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Dan  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
.
.
.
>> You wouldn't have to distribute the (rather expensive) Access application
>> since this is little more than a front for the underlying DAO/ADO database
>> libraries that are built into the warp and woof of MS Windows.  Your Python
>> application can address the DAO or ADO directly as these will libraries will
>> be pre-installed and/or freely available for MS Windows.  Fast, freely
>> available, no license restrictions, and no need for extra downloads for a
>> reasonably recent (Win2000, XP) operating system.
>> 
>
>And then XP Autoupdate executes, some of those Access/MSDE libraries are 
>updated, and you app is broken.

Are you saying that Python-based applications are particularly
vulnerable in this all-too-common scenario?  If so, I'm not
getting it; why is the architecture described more fragile than
more traditional Windows-oriented development patterns?  If not,
then, ... well then I truly don't get your point.
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Re: importing a package

[Damjan]

> Indeed, when i do this, then it works
> import sys
> sys.path.append('package')
> 
> However, why is it that package isn't added automatically to the pad?

When you execute a python program the directory where the program is is
automatically added to sys.path. No other directory is added to the default
builtin sys.path.

In you case (the second case), you can import package.dir2.file2.


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Re: Database recommendations for Windows app

[Dave Cook]

On 2005-06-22, Cameron Laird <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Are you saying that Python-based applications are particularly
> vulnerable in this all-too-common scenario?  If so, I'm not
> getting it; why is the architecture described more fragile than
> more traditional Windows-oriented development patterns?  If not,
> then, ... well then I truly don't get your point.

Maybe the point is the downside of depending on installed DLLs rather than
shipping your own.

Dave Cook
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Re: timedelta comparision with gmtime()

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~ $ python
Use now() from datetime class of datetime module instead of time
module.

Python 2.4.1 (#2, Mar 30 2005, 21:51:10)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-8ubuntu2)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
py> import datetime
py> t = datetime.datetime.now()
py> print t
2005-06-22 20:22:36.212142
py> d = datetime.timedelta(minutes = 2)
py> print t + d
2005-06-22 20:24:36.212142

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Package organization

[Thomas Lotze]

Hi,

I've two questions concerning organizing and naming things when writing
a Python package.

- Naming of classes: I'm writing a library that reads PDF files. I have
  a data structure that represents the large-scale structure of a PDF
  file (header, trailer, incremental updates etc), and I'll have others,
  e.g. one that represents the document as a collection of logical
  objects (page descriptions, images etc).

  Assume I have a package called PDF. Should the classes then be called
  simply File and Objects, as it is clear what they do as they are
  imported from PDF? Or should they be called PDFFile and PDFObjects, as
  the names would be too undescriptive otherwise?

- Organizing subpackages and interfaces: I'm using the zope.interface
  package in order to define interface classes. In a small package
  called foo, one might define interfaces IReadableFoo and IWritableFoo
  in foo.interfaces.

  However, in a large package foo with subpackages bar and baz,
  interface definitions might either sit in foo.bar.interfaces and
  foo.baz.interfaces, or in foo.interfaces.bar and foo.interfaces.baz.
  Which is preferable?

Thanks for any thought on this.

-- 
Thomas

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Re: how to use more than 1 __init__ constructor in a class ?

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

You also could use a list to represent your data, then you get more
dimensions supported, e.g:
import math
class Point:
def __init__(self, *args):
self.points = list(args)

def dist(x, y):
if len(x.points) != len(y.points):
raise RuntimeError('dimensions not the same')
d = 0
for i in range(len(x.points)):
d += (x.points[i] - y.points[i])**2
return math.sqrt(d)

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