stefankandic commented on code in PR #49103:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/49103#discussion_r1899530458


##########
sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/collation/IndeterminateCollationTestSuite.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.collation
+
+import org.apache.spark.{SparkRuntimeException, SparkThrowable}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{AnalysisException, DataFrame, QueryTest, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StringType
+
+class IndeterminateCollationTestSuite extends QueryTest with 
SharedSparkSession {
+
+  val testTableName = "tst_table"
+  val dataSource = "parquet"
+
+  def withTestTable(testCode: => Unit): Unit = {
+    withTable(testTableName) {
+      sql(s"""
+           |CREATE TABLE $testTableName (
+           |  c1 STRING COLLATE UTF8_LCASE,
+           |  c2 STRING COLLATE UTF8_BINARY
+           |) USING $dataSource
+           |""".stripMargin)
+      testCode
+    }
+  }
+
+  def assertIndeterminateCollationInExpressionError(query: => DataFrame): Unit 
= {
+    val exception = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+      query
+    }
+    assert(exception.getCondition === "INDETERMINATE_COLLATION_IN_EXPRESSION")
+  }
+
+  def assertRuntimeIndeterminateCollationError(query: => DataFrame): Unit = {
+    val exception = intercept[SparkRuntimeException] {
+      query.collect()
+    }
+    assert(exception.getCondition === "INDETERMINATE_COLLATION")
+  }
+
+  def assertIndeterminateCollationInSchemaError(columnPaths: String*)(
+      query: => DataFrame): Unit = {
+    checkError(
+      exception = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+        query.collect()
+      },
+      condition = "INDETERMINATE_COLLATION_IN_SCHEMA",
+      parameters = Map("columnPaths" -> columnPaths.mkString(", ")))
+  }
+
+  test("cannot use indeterminate collation name") {
+    checkError(
+      intercept[SparkThrowable] {
+        sql("SELECT 'a' COLLATE NULL")
+      },
+      "COLLATION_INVALID_NAME",
+      parameters = Map("proposals" -> "nl", "collationName" -> "NULL"))
+
+    checkError(
+      intercept[SparkThrowable] {
+        sql("SELECT CAST('a' AS STRING COLLATE NULL)")
+      },
+      "COLLATION_INVALID_NAME",
+      parameters = Map("proposals" -> "nl", "collationName" -> "NULL"))
+
+    intercept[SparkThrowable] {
+      StringType("NULL")
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("various expressions that support indeterminate collation") {
+    withTestTable {
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $testTableName VALUES ('a', 'b')")
+
+      val expressions = Seq(
+        "c1 || c2",
+        "concat(c1, c2)",
+        "concat_ws(' ', c1, c2)",
+        "length(c1 || c2)",
+        "array(c1 || c2)",
+        "map('a', c1 || c2)",
+        "named_struct('f1', c1 || c2, 'f2', c2)",
+        "repeat(c1 || c2, 2)",
+        "elt(1, c1 || c2, c2)",
+        "coalesce(c1 || c2, c2)")
+
+      expressions.foreach { expr =>
+        sql(s"SELECT $expr FROM $testTableName").collect()
+      }
+
+      checkAnswer(sql(s"SELECT COLLATION(c1 || c2) FROM $testTableName"), 
Seq(Row("null")))
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("expressions that don't support indeterminate collations and fail in 
analyzer") {
+    withTestTable {
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $testTableName VALUES ('a', 'b')")
+
+      val expressions = Seq(
+        "c1 = c2",
+        "c1 != c2",
+        "c1 > c2",
+        "STARTSWITH(c1 || c2, c1)",
+        "ENDSWITH(c1 || c2, c2)",
+        "UPPER(c1 || c2) = 'AB'",
+        "INITCAP(c1 || c2) = 'Ab'",
+        "FIND_IN_SET(c1 || c2, 'a,b')",
+        "INSTR(c1 || c2, c1)",
+        "LOCATE(c1, c1 || c2)")
+
+      expressions.foreach { expr =>
+        assertIndeterminateCollationInExpressionError {
+          sql(s"SELECT $expr FROM $testTableName")
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("expressions that don't support indeterminate collation and fail in 
runtime") {
+    withTestTable {
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $testTableName VALUES ('a', 'b')")
+
+      val expressions = Seq("str_to_map(c1 || c2, 'a', 'b')")
+
+      expressions.foreach { expr =>
+        assertRuntimeIndeterminateCollationError {
+          sql(s"SELECT $expr FROM $testTableName")
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("insert works with indeterminate collation") {
+    withTestTable {
+      sql(s"""
+           |INSERT INTO $testTableName
+           |SELECT c1 || c2, c2 || c1
+           |FROM VALUES ('a', 'b') AS t(c1, c2)
+           |""".stripMargin)
+
+      checkAnswer(sql(s"SELECT * FROM $testTableName"), Seq(Row("ab", "ba")))
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("create table as select fails with indeterminate collation") {
+    withTestTable {
+      assertIndeterminateCollationInSchemaError("concat(c1, c2)") {
+        sql(s"""
+             |CREATE TABLE t AS
+             |SELECT c1 || c2 FROM $testTableName
+             |""".stripMargin)
+      }
+
+      assertIndeterminateCollationInSchemaError("col") {
+        sql(s"""
+             |CREATE TABLE t AS
+             |SELECT concat_ws(', ', c1, c2) as col FROM $testTableName
+             |""".stripMargin)
+      }
+
+      assertIndeterminateCollationInSchemaError("arr.element", "map.value", 
"struct.f1")(sql(s"""
+             |CREATE TABLE t
+             |USING $dataSource
+             |AS SELECT
+             |  array(c1 || c2) AS arr,
+             |  map('a', c1 || c2) AS map,
+             |  named_struct('f1', c1 || c2, 'f2', c2) AS struct
+             |FROM $testTableName
+             |""".stripMargin))
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("can create a view with indeterminate collation") {
+    withTestTable {
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $testTableName VALUES ('a', 'b')")
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $testTableName VALUES ('c', 'd')")
+
+      withView("v") {
+        sql(s"""
+             |CREATE VIEW v AS
+             |SELECT c1 || c2 as col FROM $testTableName
+             |""".stripMargin)
+
+        checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM v"), Seq(Row("ab"), Row("cd")))
+        checkAnswer(sql("SELECT DISTINCT COLLATION(col) FROM v"), 
Seq(Row("null")))
+
+        // group by should fail in runtime when fetching the collator
+        assertRuntimeIndeterminateCollationError {
+          sql(s"SELECT * FROM v GROUP BY col")
+        }

Review Comment:
   View will not pick up the new schema if we alter the collation of the 
column. However we can add test for the happy path by just adding a collate 
clause in the group by.



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