For the record:

On Jul 11, 2021, at 1:06 PM, Claus R. Wickinghoff <cl...@mobile.oche.de> wrote:

> I think this can be achieved with  reject_unverified_recipient to query 
> dovecot via lmtp but I've no practical experience with this. Probably you've 
> to do some googling...

That turned out to be the Right Answer.  I simply added 
reject_unverified_recipient to smtpd_recipient_restrictions and that fixed the 
problem.

The chain of events that led to this problem is kind of interesting.  What 
happened was that I migrated my email server from one machine, where it had 
been running with no problem for many years, to a new machine at a new 
provider.  I had simply copied the main.cf file from the old machine to the new 
one, but changed the delivery mechanism from direct delivery (i.e. postfix as 
LDA) to LMTP (i.e. dovecot as LDA).  So what was happening before (I think) is 
that postfix was looking up users in the user DB, not because of 
smtpd_recipient_restrictions (because I didn’t have that set) but because it 
had to in order to deliver local messages.  When I switched to LMTP that was no 
longer the case.  Postfix now thought it was possible to deliver to 
non-existent users, and that’s what resulted in the backscatter.

Now I understand why the conventional wisdom is not to run your own email 
server :-)

Thanks to all who responded!

rg

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