I have followed various sets of instructions, most recently this one: 
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix. As far as I can tell saslauthd is 
working:

testsaslauthd -u testuser -p testpassword
0: OK "Success.”

Postgres, however, fails to authenticate the user:
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: Anonymous TLS connection established 
from unknown[192.168.236.156]: TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 
bits)
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: xsasl_cyrus_server_create: SASL 
service=smtp, realm=(null)
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: name_mask: noanonymous
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: watchdog_pat: 0x7f4c58e08100
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: < unknown[192.168.236.156]: EHLO 
[192.168.236.156]
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: match_list_match: unknown: no match
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: match_list_match: 192.168.236.156: no 
match
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 
250-mail.home4now.ca
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 
250-PIPELINING
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 250-SIZE 
10240000
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 250-VRFY
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 250-ETRN
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 250-AUTH 
DIGEST-MD5 NTLM CRAM-MD5 PLAIN LOGIN
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 
250-AUTH=DIGEST-MD5 NTLM CRAM-MD5 PLAIN LOGIN
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 
250-8BITMIME
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 250 DSN
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: watchdog_pat: 0x7f4c58e08100
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: < unknown[192.168.236.156]: AUTH 
PLAIN dGVzdHVzZXIAdGVzdHVzZXIAbGV0bWVpbg==
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: xsasl_cyrus_server_first: sasl_method 
PLAIN, init_response dGVzdHVzZXIAdGVzdHVzZXIAbGV0bWVpbg==
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: xsasl_cyrus_server_first: decoded 
initial response testuser
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: warning: SASL authentication failure: 
Password verification failed
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: warning: unknown[192.168.236.156]: 
SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure
Jun 14 10:44:38 fs1 postfix/smtpd[21212]: > unknown[192.168.236.156]: 535 5.7.8 
Error: authentication failed: authentication failure

It does not look like Postgres is communicating with saslauthd. When I run it 
in debug mode (/usr/sbin/saslauthd -a pam -c -m /var/run/saslauthd -d) I can 
see activity when I use testsasl, but not when Postgres attempts to 
authenticate. 

I have been fighting with this for over a week. I’m pretty sure it is some 
simple setup or configuration issue, but I’m not seeing it. 

saslfinger output follows:

saslfinger - postfix Cyrus sasl configuration Wed Jun 15 09:38:48 EDT 2016
version: 1.0.4
mode: server-side SMTP AUTH

-- basics --
Postfix: 2.9.6
System: Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS

-- smtpd is linked to --
        libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 
(0x00007f68bb1a3000)

-- active SMTP AUTH and TLS parameters for smtpd --
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_use_tls = yes

-- listing of /usr/lib/sasl2 --
total 36
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Jun  9 11:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 97 root root 24576 Jun  9 14:36 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root     1 May  4  2012 berkeley_db.txt

-- listing of /etc/sasl2 --
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 15 09:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 146 root root 12288 Jun 14 10:43 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root root    62 May 15 09:32 smtpd.conf

-- listing of /etc/postfix/sasl --
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 14 09:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jun 14 10:54 ..
-rw-r----- 1 root root   49 Jun  1 12:11 passwd-old
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  227 Sep  5  2013 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   62 Jun 14 09:08 smptd.conf

-- content of /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf --
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
log_level: 5

-- active services in /etc/postfix/master.cf --
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
pickup    unix  n       -       -       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       -       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       -       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       -       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       -       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       -       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       -       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       -       -       -       smtp
showq     unix  n       -       -       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       -       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       -       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       -       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       -       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       -       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       -       -       1       scache
maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix  -       n       n       -       2       pipe
  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} 
${user} ${extension}
mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
  ${nexthop} ${user}

-- mechanisms on localhost --
250-AUTH DIGEST-MD5 NTLM CRAM-MD5 PLAIN LOGIN
250-AUTH=DIGEST-MD5 NTLM CRAM-MD5 PLAIN LOGIN

-- end of saslfinger output --




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