> So either something has changed the numerical encoding of \[ua] > in groff (but despite searching I have found no clue), or possibly > the input characters "\[ua]" were mis-interpreted as "\[uA]". > Could this have something to do with locale?
I don't believe it has do do with locale. I get the same with groff 1.18.1 on SuSE 11.1. It's probably a bug in grops, because if you look at the intermediate file you'll notice that it's still correct. And it's somehow related to the name "ua", because if you edit .../font/devps/S and rename "ua" to "aa" and "uA" to "aA" and make the corresponding changes in your input file, then it works as it should.