FWIW, I've found this concept very helpful for such considerations:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey_sentence

On 5/14/20 9:57 AM, Eric Charles wrote:
> Whenever a given range of phenomenon start to get scienced, we rapidly find 
> out that we need to nail down the vocabulary beyond the flexibility usually 
> allowed in lay conversations about a topic. We can, for example, allow "He's 
> got momentum" to mean all sorts of things in a lay conversation. We might 
> talk about broad social phenomenon such as how "Bernie has momentum in the 
> polls" or "M. Night Shyamalan's career lost momentum after a string of flops, 
> but he seems to be getting some of that momentum back now",  or about general 
> laziness such as "I'm not going to do the gardening my wife keeps asking 
> about, because momentum", /and /we also could mean that there is a movement 
> that will not alter without the application of force such as "He's not going 
> to stop before he hits that wall, too much momentum." But in a physics 
> conversation we would take out the casual usages and limit ourselves to the 
> latter; momentum would be a property of mass at velocity, which stays constant
> unless acted upon by a force. Hell, Merrium-Webster even offers "momentum" a 
> definition of "force or speed of movement", where in that physics 
> conversation "force" and "speed" are clearly distinguished concepts, that are 
> definitely /not /momentum. 
> 
> Similarly, if we want to talk seriously about psychology, we need to nail 
> down some vocabulary that will allow us to talk/think rigorously about the 
> phenomenon in question. We need some terminology by which to refer to the 
> distinction between the movements of the dead duck (or rock) thrown out the 
> window and the movements of the live duck thrown out a window. And, as we 
> already covered, that distinction isn't /just /a matter of falling, because 
> we want to put Nick's post-defenestration flailing in the same broad category 
> as the more elegant movements of the live duck. 
> 
> Note that, if you aren't interested in /that /distinction that is a different 
> issue. Lot's of people aren't interested in any particular specialized 
> science, and that is entirely unrelated to whether the science needs a 
> specialized vocabulary to operate effectively. And while science frequently 
> go through phases of emphasizing vocabulary that refers to processes that are 
> not easy to observe, those can't be the terms that define the domain of the 
> science. What are the observable phenomenon that lead us to ask questions 
> about psychology? What are the methods by which those observations are made? 
> Until we answer those types of questions, it is dramatically premature to 
> start speculating about what hidden-unobservables might be at play. And, 
> there is every reason to believe that our interest starts with behavior. "Why 
> did he do that?" "Why am I acting this way?" When we wonder "Why is he angry 
> at me?", the start of that question is a witnessed (or reported) action. 
> 
> Could other phenomenon end up in our bucket at some point? Sure, just like in 
> any other science. But you can't even figure out where those other things 
> start, until you know the limits of where the base concepts take you. Though 
> I think some followers of James J. Gibson's Ecological Psychology, for 
> example, take his contributions to the field farther than is warranted, he 
> absolutely showed that basic principles of perceptual systems can get us 
> much, much farther than previously thought, including providing solutions to 
> how people act successfully in situations where most believe that advanced 
> computational thinking is required. We need to nail down the basic concepts, 
> and then do the same type of push Gibson did to determine their limits. 
> 
> In that context, it seems fair to begin using "behavior" in a more technical 
> sense. Once that is done, we could actually answer your question about the 
> tree and the falling seeds, but before that, it would just seem like spinning 
> our wheels. 
> 
> 
> On Wed, May 13, 2020 at 1:07 PM Jon Zingale <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
> 
>     Eric,
>     I have some concern that once we /decide/ the dead duck was not behaving,
>     that we would avoid the dropped coin. I get that we wouldn't want to
>     apply the verb /flailing/ to the coin except perhaps in a moment of 
> poetry.
>     This is the season to witness cottonwood drifts, though. Better might
>     be the helicopter like motions of maple seedpods. These adaptations,
>     which carry the future of the species, are shaped so that they behave
>     meaningfully when coupled with their environment. Would you hesitate
>     to call the motions of the cottonwood seedpod, in its environment, 
> behavior?
>     Is it too early in this conversation, or even inappropriate to ask whose
>     behavior it would be?


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