It should be remembered that refining in real space is equivalent to refinement 
in the reciprocal space (through Parseval's theorem).  If you want to do 
consistent refinement then you need to use exactly same reflections for free 
and working set. If you do not use the same set of reflections for real and 
reciprocal space refinements then you may get very interesting results. 

Garib




On 23 May 2011, at 21:17, Hailiang Zhang wrote:

> Thanks Nat! I am not doing real space refinement. Actually I am only using
> the maps for manual model building/adjustments. In this case, if some
> Rfree reflections have strong scattering intensities, removing them may
> lead to featureless density maps. However, if we just leave them in, do
> you think we may have the so-called model-bias issue?
> 
> Hailiang
> 
> 
>> On Mon, May 23, 2011 at 1:02 PM, Hailiang Zhang <zhan...@umbc.edu> wrote:
>> 
>>> I have a preliminary question. I understand Rfree reflection sets are
>>> never used during automatic refinement, but, when generating the real
>>> space density maps, do we have to exclude Rfree columns? Any references
>>> will also be greatly appreciated!
>>> 
>> 
>> If you are going to run overall real-space refinement on the structure,
>> you
>> should absolutely exclude the test set reflections from the map.  If you
>> are
>> only going to run local refinement of small parts of the model in Coot or
>> equivalent, it's debatable - in practice, I think most people/programs
>> leave
>> them in.
>> 
>> -Nat
>> 

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