CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Richard M. Stallman <rms> 12/01/16 15:57:14
Modified files:
server/standards: README.translations.html
Log message:
Cleanups and new info in the "accuracy" section, including
advice about "free" vs "gratis" and an item about words-to-avoid.html.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/standards/README.translations.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.192&r2=1.193
Patches:
Index: README.translations.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/standards/README.translations.html,v
retrieving revision 1.192
retrieving revision 1.193
diff -u -b -r1.192 -r1.193
--- README.translations.html 30 Dec 2011 12:23:01 -0000 1.192
+++ README.translations.html 16 Jan 2012 15:57:04 -0000 1.193
@@ -122,7 +122,26 @@
translated at all, so if you can't find a good translation for it in
your language, the only option may be to use the English word.</p></li>
- <li><p><strong>Free Software</strong>. See the <a
+ <li><p><strong>Free Software</strong>. Most languages have a word
+ for free-as-in-freedom and another word for gratis (zero price).
+ In gnu.org we generally use “free” only to refer to
+ freedom, and we say “gratis” when we mean zero price.
+ Thus, please translate “free” using the word that
+ means free-as-in-freedom, not the one that refers to price.</p>
+
+ <p>However, in some old pages, such as the GNU Manifesto and the
+ initial announcement, we did not yet make the distinction. In
+ translating these pages, you may need to think carefully about the
+ proper treatment of each occurrence of the word
+ “free”. You might choose to leave the word in
+ English, followed by the explanation of its meaning in that
+ occurrence: either freedom, price, or ambiguously both.</p>
+
+ <p>However, even in these old pages, the word you normally
+ use to translate “free” in “free software”
+ should be the one that refers to freedom.</p>
+
+ <p>See the <a
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Translations
of the Term “Free Software”</a> in several languages.</p>
</li>
@@ -133,15 +152,19 @@
restrictions on the user, and these restrictions apply not only to
digital but also to physical objects.</p>
- <p>The English term "Digital Restrictions Management" may refer to
- both:</p>
-
- <p>1. <strong>Digital Management of Restrictions</strong> <br />
- 2. Management of Digital Restrictions</p>
-
- <p>The correct meaning is the first one. Translations should make this
- clear. In many languages these require different wording. Likewise with
- “rights” instead of “restrictions”.</p>
+ <p>However, there is a subtle ambiguity in the English term
+ "Digital Restrictions Management". It can be interpreted in two
+ ways:</p>
+
+ <p><ol>
+ <li> <strong>Digital Management of Restrictions</strong>.</li>
+ <li> Management of Digital Restrictions.</li>
+ </ol><p>
+
+ <p>In many languages these require different wording. The correct
+ meaning is the first one, so translations should make this clear.
+ Likewise with “rights” instead of
+ “restrictions”.</p>
</li>
<li><p>When translating “GNU's Not Unix”, please ensure that
@@ -150,6 +173,25 @@
“GNU's Not Unix (<span xml:lang="sv" lang="sv">
GNU är inte Unix</span>)”.</p></li>
+ <li><p>The page philosophy/words-to-avoid.html is an exception to
+ our usual policies about which terminology to use, because it
+ presents examples of what <em>not</em> to say. For instance, in
+ general we shun the term “Digital Rights Management”.
+ However, we cite that term in philosophy/words-to-avoid.html in
+ order to advise others to shun it.</p>
+
+ <p>As a translator, it is best if you follow the English text.
+ Where the English text says “Digital Rights
+ Management”, translate that. Where the English text says
+ “Digital Restrictions Management”, translate
+ that.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p> When translating “GNU's Not Unix”, please ensure that
+ the translation remains recursive. If a recursive translation cannot be
+ conceived, use the following format (this is an example for Swedish):
+ “GNU's Not Unix (<span xml:lang="sv" lang="sv">
+ GNU är inte Unix</span>)”.</p></li>
+
<li><p>You can learn more about specific terms and the GNU philosophy by
reading some articles such as the following, among others that you may
find useful:</p>
@@ -508,7 +550,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/30 12:23:01 $
+$Date: 2012/01/16 15:57:04 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
