For the nuclei with unpaired neutron the Parity non conservation (PNC) effects may be strongly suppressed!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHp-ocXIs1U Parity Non-Conservation in the Weak Interaction We realized also that Ni58, Ni60, Ni62 and Ni64 stable isotopes where “willing” to participate in a LENR reaction, whilst Ni61 was not. In general, we know that the isotopes with an odd number of nucleons do not react under LENR; only the ones with even number of nucleons do. This means that there is a nuclear configuration component that is important in the LENR process. Parity non conservation (PCN) may be a determining factor in the LENR reaction involving anapole magnetic effects. If it were simply a matter of shear EMF disruptive power, the configuration of the nucleons in the nucleus would not be important. A strong anapole field could change the handedness of some subatomic particles resulting in a electroweak reaction. On Wed, Jun 12, 2013 at 3:49 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > The LENR story is turning out to be a puzzle with many parts. The must > obscure piece of this puzzle is the shape and character of the EMF that > forms in the “Hot Spot” when nanoantennas concentrate photons through > “dark mode” resonance formation. > > > This resonance formation process packs photons together in a nano-scopic > volume. One possible formation that this ball of charged light can assume > is the anapole ring which resembles the plasmoid. > > First let us recapitulate the anapole formation mechanism that produces > large power concentrations in a multi-nanoparticle system where the > particles vary widely in particle sizes. > > > A cascade amplifier is any diode constructed from a series of amplifiers, > where each amplifier sends its output to the input of the next amplifier in > a daisy chain. > > Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering acts like such a cascade amplifier, > except that dipoles tuned to various resonant frequencies drive thermal > power to higher power concentration levels zero loss factors. > > > In detail, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, also called Coherent > anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (CARS), is a form of spectroscopy > used primarily in chemistry, physics and related fields. > > > It is sensitive to the same vibrational signatures of dipoles as seen in > Raman spectroscopy. Unlike Raman spectroscopy, CARS employs multiple photo > harmonics. > > It produces a signal in which the emitted waves are coherent with one > another. As a result, CARS is orders of magnitude stronger than spontaneous > Raman emission. > > CARS is a N-order nonlinear optical process involving multiple coupled > dipole sources. > > These dipoles interact and generate a coherent optical signal at the > anti-Stokes frequency. The high order harmonic is resonantly enhanced when > the frequency difference between the low order pumps and the dipoles > coincides with the frequency of a Raman resonance, which is the basis of > the technique's intrinsic vibrational contrast mechanism. > > Multiple nanoparticles of various sizes interact each with their > respective dipole resonant frequencies. > > The CARS process can be physically explained by using either a classical > oscillator model or by using a quantum mechanical model. > > Classically, the Raman active vibrator is modeled as a (damped) harmonic > oscillator with a characteristic frequency. In CARS, these oscillators are > not driven by a single optical wave, but by the different resonant > frequencies between the dipole pumps and the high order harmonic. > > This driving mechanism is similar to hearing the low combination beat tone > when striking two different high tone piano keys: your ear is sensitive to > the difference frequency of the high tones. Similarly, the Raman oscillator > is susceptible to the difference frequency of multiple optical waves. When > the difference frequency approaches beat resonance, the system of dipole > oscillators are driven very efficiently. > > While intuitive, this classical picture does not take into account the > quantum mechanical energy levels of the dipole. Quantum mechanically, the > CARS process can be understood as follows. Our dipole is initially in the > ground state, the lowest thermal energy state of the system. The pump > dipole excites the dipole chain to a virtual vibrational state. > > A virtual state is not an eigenstate of the dipole and it cannot be > occupied but it does allow for transitions between otherwise uncoupled real > states. If a dipole is simultaneously present along with the pumps, the > virtual state can be used as an instantaneous gateway to address a > vibrational eigenstate of the dipole. > > The joint action of the pumps and the Stokes has effectively established a > coupling between the ground state and the vibrationally excited state of > the system. > > The system is now in multiple states at the same time: it resides in a > coherent superposition of states. > > This promotes the system to a virtual state. Again, the molecule cannot > stay in the virtual state and will fall back instantaneously to the ground > state under the emission of a photon at the anti-Stokes frequency. The pump > dipoles are no longer in a superposition, as it resides again in the lowest > thermal state, the ground state. > > In the quantum mechanical model, energy is deposited in the dark mode > highest resonant system during the CARS process. The molecule acts like a > medium for converting the frequencies of the multiple resonant waves into a > CARS signal (a parametric process). There are, however, related coherent > Raman processes that occur simultaneously which do deposit energy into the > high order resonant cavity at high efficiency. > > The maximum sustained energy level achieved in this smallest resonant > cavity in the cavity chain is determined when losses from the cavity equals > input energy levels. > > > The magnetic Anapoles > > The property of a material which generate magnetism is the broken symmetry > with respect to the arrow of time. But there is another symmetry, and that > is the symmetry with respect to the direction of space. You can see this > for example when you look at your hand in a mirror, your hand has changed > from being left handed to being right handed and this is a direct > observation of the fact that you have changed the direction of space. When > you combine both the breaking of the direction time with breaking of the > direction of space you generate a very special type of magnetism which is > called the anapole, they are also called orbital currents. The anapole is > thought to be most important in understanding a complex set of materials > which are also able to conduct electricity without any resistance, called > super conductors. > > So there are different types of magnets. Besides the dipoles that people > know with the North/South divide there are also these anapoles. > > The anapole moment is a characteristic of a system which is related to the > toroidal magnetic field confined within the system. > > The dipole moment, for example, your compass needle, has the property that > it does break the direction of time, the arrow of time in a material, it is > also characterized by the fact that if you change the direction of space it > remains unchanged. The characteristic feature of the anapole is that they > have the property that they also change their behavior if you change the > direction of space. Now these anapoles can only be observed with light, so > if you take a material and illuminate it with light, or X-rays, it gives > you a method of imaging these anapoles. > > It has been generally known that anapole current circutation and effect > the nucleus of the atom as follows: > MONOPONUCLEOSIS - The wonderful things that monopoles can do to nuclei if > they are there. > > http://lss.fnal.gov/archive/1983/conf/Conf-83-107-T.pdf > > 1. Mixing of singlet and triplet states of deuteron-Like positronium. > 2. Production of a new kind of nuclear matter with nucleon moments > oriented in the field. > 3. Catalysis of nuclear fission. > 4. Catalysis of nuclear fusion (with implications for solar neutrinos). > 5. Enhancement of forbidden decays like triplet positronium, e.g. fission > products. > > The next point to cover is how anapole EMF affect the nucleus of the atom. > > Atomic Parity Violation proposes new physics beyond the standard model of > elementary particles. APV is usually measured through the weak nuclear > charge Qw, quantifying the strength of the electroweak coupling between > atomic electrons and quarks of the nucleus. This idea deals how parity > nonconserving (PNC), and coupled cluster approximation method to calculate > removal energies of each state. > > Of the four forces of nature - strong, electromagnetic, weak, and > gravitational - the extremely short-range weak force was the last to be > discovered. Neutrinos, having no electric charge, are immune to > electromagnetism and only interact through the weak force. The weak force > also has the startling ability to change the flavor of quarks, and to > change protons into neutrons and vice versa. > > The anopole magnetic EMF concentration in the hot spot could change the > electroweak coupling constant affecting the processes between mesons and > quarks holding the nucleus together. > > This subject might be covered in future posts if I can figure it out. >
