On Sat, 2025-04-26 at 16:45 -0600, home user via users wrote:
> # netstat -ltuvpe
> Active Internet connections (only servers)
> Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address 
> State       User       Inode      PID/Program name
> tcp        0      0 _localdnsproxy:domain   0.0.0.0:* LISTEN      
> systemd-resolve 8849       842/systemd-resolve
> tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:llmnr           0.0.0.0:* LISTEN      
> systemd-resolve 8833       842/systemd-resolve
> tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp           0.0.0.0:* LISTEN      root       
> 14421      1097/cupsd
> tcp        0      0 _localdnsstub:domain    0.0.0.0:* LISTEN      
> systemd-resolve 8847       842/systemd-resolve
> tcp6       0      0 [::]:llmnr              [::]:* LISTEN      
> systemd-resolve 8841       842/systemd-resolve
> tcp6       0      0 localhost:ipp           [::]:* LISTEN      root       
> 14420      1097/cupsd
> udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:mdns            0.0.0.0:*         avahi      3950 
>       905/avahi-daemon: r
> udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:llmnr           0.0.0.0:*         systemd-resolve 
> 8832       842/systemd-resolve
> udp        0      0 _localdnsproxy:domain   0.0.0.0:*         systemd-resolve 
> 8848       842/systemd-resolve
> udp        0      0 _localdnsstub:domain    0.0.0.0:*         systemd-resolve 
> 8846       842/systemd-resolve
> udp        0      0 localhost:323           0.0.0.0:*         root       
> 10105      1046/chronyd
> udp6       0      0 [::]:mdns               [::]:*         avahi      3951    
>    905/avahi-daemon: r
> udp6       0      0 [::]:llmnr              [::]:*         systemd-resolve 
> 8840       842/systemd-resolve
> udp6       0      0 localhost:323           [::]:*         root       10106   
>    1046/chronyd
> udp6       0      0 c-76-25-2:dhcpv6-client [::]:*         root       38245   
>    1029/NetworkManager
> #

As far as I know, the local CUPs (IPP) server only listens to 127.0.0.1
by default.  So that should be safe.  If you don't have a printer, and
never do the print to a PDF file thing, could stop the service.

I don't know about the security of Avahi.  And if you only have one
thing, your computer, connected to your ISP device, I don't think it
will be doing anything and you don't even need it running.

On the other hand, if your network is not just the single PC and your
ISPs modem/router/terminal-adapter/beige-box you may be using it.

If you have a printer that's network connected to the PC (as opposed to
USB, parallel, or serial), it may be being used.

If your ISP's beige-box has a configuration panel accessed via a web
brower, you may be using it as a simple way to find the device by a
name (like mygateway), rather than simply going to http://192.168.1.254
 (or whatever it is).

But I leave my Avahi daemon off, as a matter of one less thing to deal 
with when networking problems rear their had.  It can be quite
confusing when the network has become a not-work, yet the printer is
still there and working and PCs can do some things between themselves. 
But when the whole network goes kaput problem solving becomes much less
confusing.

In that case, it was something like the DNS/DHCP server being
unavailable, and other things carried on with cached results for a
while then fell back on link-local addresses which will only work
machine-to-machine within a LAN, with Avahi doing its thing.

-- 
 
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