On Tue, Apr 1, 2025 at 12:31 AM Samuel Sieb <sam...@sieb.net> wrote:
>
> On 3/31/25 7:00 PM, Jeffrey Walton wrote:
> > On Mon, Mar 31, 2025 at 9:56 PM Tim via users
> > <users@lists.fedoraproject.org> wrote:
> >>
> >> Tim:
> >>>> For one like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ob9LHPEaKY you can type
> >>>> ob9LHPEaKY into the YouTube search gadget and it will find that clip.
> >>>> And for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_qS_3KXBA typing just this
> >>>> _qS_3KXBA bit into the search gadget works.
> >>
> >> Go Canes:
> >>> If you put the full 11-character "key" in double-quotes in the youtube
> >>> search field it should work.
> >>
> >> "-ob9LHPEaKY" worked (11 chars), but "D-_qS_3KXBA" (11 chars) didn't,
> >> though "-_qS_3KXBA" (10 chars) does.
> >
> > $ echo -n '-ob9LHPEaKY' | base64 -d
> > base64: invalid input
> >
> > $ echo -n 'D-_qS_3KXBA' | base64 -d
> > base64: invalid input
> >
> > $ echo -n '-_qS_3KXBA' | base64 -d
> > base64: invalid input
>
> It's "web-safe" base64, so you have to translate two characters.  It
> should also have a "=" at the end to make it 12 characters, but the
> decoder seems to accept it anyway.  However, you're only going to get 7
> bytes of binary data.  It's not something readable.
>
> echo -n '-ob9LHPEaKY' | tr _- /+ | base64 -d | od -tx1
> 0000000 fb fa 92 ff 72 97 04

It sounds like you are talking about the Base64 URL encoder from
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-5>. The character
repertoire includes minus ('-') and underscore ('_').

The original Base64 encoder from
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-4> uses plus ('+') and
slash ('/').

Jeff
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