On Fri, 2025-03-14 at 22:14 -0700, Dave Close wrote:
> I received a new SanDisk "Extreme" 128 GB SD card today and used rpi-
> imager to put a new OS onto it. After completing successfully, I was
> able to mount the linux partition and make a backup copy onto a hard
> disk. But then...
> 
>   # umount /mnt
>   # e2fsck -c /dev/sdb2
>   e2fsck 1.47.1 (20-May-2024)
>   rootfs: recovering journal
>   Checking for bad blocks (read-only test):
>     0.00% done, 0:00 elapsed. (0/0/0 errdone
>   rootfs: Updating bad block inode.
>   Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
>   Pass 2: Checking directory structure
>   Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
>   Pass 4: Checking reference counts
>   Pass 5: Checking group summary information
>   rootfs: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
>   rootfs: 145349/332592 files (0.1% non-contiguous), 1130966/1330176 blocks
>   # mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
>   mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb2,
>     missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
>     dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.
> 
> So, again, "e2fsck -c" seems to destroy the superblock. In this case, I
> had no suspicion of any problem with the card; I only ran e2fsck to see
> if the same problem would occur. It did.
> 
> I'm not directly formatting the card, rpi-imager does that, so choosing a
> different filesystem is not reasonable. I am confident that the card has
> the advertised capacity; SanDisk is not a fly-by-night vendor.

Reputable supplier for the card?  (Even then, forgeries have gotten
into normal supply chains, from time to time).

Failing card slot?

Failing card reader?

I would have first tried writing to the card with something other than
what was used with the last problem, just to remove it from the
equation.

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