Ok, I think I know what is going on here. Grub does not know how to replay the XFS journal and your reboot must not be unmounting the fs, leaving it in a damaged state. Mounting or fscking the filesystem from a livecd replays the journal and corrects the errors.
The sync should make sure the filesystem is consistent though, so it sounds like there is a bug in the kernel filesystem driver. ** Summary changed: - automatic updates tend to reboot and die into grub rescue + xfs left inconcistent after reboot, causing grub to fail -- You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu Bugs, which is subscribed to Ubuntu. https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1103187 Title: xfs left inconcistent after reboot, causing grub to fail To manage notifications about this bug go to: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1103187/+subscriptions -- ubuntu-bugs mailing list ubuntu-bugs@lists.ubuntu.com https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-bugs