New progression in confirming, that "grub-install /dev/sda" writes block 
information into boot area, while the content of these block are refreshed much 
later, latest at the next mounting of the XFS root filesystem.

The "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" contains first "grub-install /dev/sda"
and second "update-grub".

My separated experinces shows, that the second, "update-grub" makes no
reboot problem, while "grub-install /dev/sda" is guaranteed to cause
reboot fail.

I found an interesting new error, occuring wery late during the boot
process, namely I could already see the graphical works space, when a
small window popped up informing me, that

        Sorry, Ubuntu 12.10 experienced an internal error.

There was a facility to automatically send a report of it, I sent it.

Now the real progress is, that I found that the OTHER PROBLEMS described
in the very first post

        "booting the new kernel hangs at the missing initial ram disk"

now knowing much more about the incoherency problem, so now it is clear,
that the initial ram disk FAILS TO BE MISSING, instead, due to the
incoherency problems, the boot process can't see the new initial ram
disk of the new kernel!

Just after the previous post, I received the new kernel 3.5.0-23, this
is the 6. kernel update since the release of 12.10.  As a surprise, this
time there was NO reboot problem.  Hence I decided to remove the
previous kernel, the 3.5.0-22, and immediately I got reboot problem, but
slighly different from the previous ones:

namely I got NORMAL grub prompt, but in turn of it, the linux.mod was
not loadable in spite of the fact, that it was listable,

and the most instructive fact was, that I could reach the DELETED
kernel, ramdisk etc!, while the new ramdisk was missing, while at the
last boot I could boot it!

This means, that when dpkg purged the previous kernel, then the file
system journaled what to do, but did not eventually do it on the block
level before the reboot.

Now I see, that the diverse kind of problems in the last 2 1/2 months
were NOT diverse, but only this incoherency problem.

As a result, sometimes I got normal grub, but initrd was missing, or it
was not missing, but the grub menu was missing, etc.  Other times the
grub stoped at it's rescue mode due to the apparent inaccessibility of
normal.mod, etc.  These caused the impression of having diverse problems
instead of a single one.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1103187

Title:
  xfs left inconcistent after reboot, causing grub to fail

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