I appreciate that you bring this up, and share the analysis that neither 
highway pedestrian nor leisure=* are describing a courtyard (it might be 
accessible to cars, not accessible at all, could have a leisure related aspect 
but doesn't have to, etc.).

From a technical point of view they are typically associated with fire 
protection (way to leave the building, access for firefighters), ventilation 
and natural illumination, building access (also to lateral and underground 
building parts) and also parking. Whether or not they exist depends a lot on 
the depth of the block.

In some cases they have names, rich decoration, ref numbers etc., so a 
dedicated tag to say "courtyard" is indeed needed/desirable IMHO.

I am not in favour of place (neither locality nor courtyard), maybe 
building:part=courtyard would be a good tag semantic wise (but unlikely to be 
rendered on the main style), alternative values might be backyard or court (the 
latter could be confused with courthouse so I'd not recommend it). If we'd to 
choose from currently imported keys I'd suggest man_made.

cheers,
Martin
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