bicycle=designated is widely used but it not well defined.
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/index.php?title=Tag:bicycle%3Ddesignated&redirect=no
is just redirect, to page that describes hopelessly inclusive rules "It
may imply extra usage rights for the given mode of transport (i.e. normally
a
vehicle is banned, but in this case it is allowed), or may be just a
suggested
route (e.g. bicycles can in most jurisdictions ride on any street, but some
particular streets are recommended and signed as such.)".

According to http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:access%3Dofficial
<some_access_tag>=designated "often includes ways that have no legal
dedication like e.g. recommended routes of a local bicycle club" - maybe
"often"
is not correct, but such tagging would not be against what is described on
wiki.

bicycle=designated is described as standard for tagging of official
cycleways, but
AFAIK it is not defined on wiki that it should be used exclusively for this
purpose.

So how one should tag in following situations?

1) official cycleway
2) road/footway/path widely used by cyclists, cycling is legal
3) road/footway/path widely used by cyclists, cycling is illegal but
usually nobody
bothers to enforce this rule
4) road/footway/path not used widely by cyclists, cycling is illegal
5) road where normally cyclists are banned but special signs/some other
rules
change this
6) signed cycle route, cycling is legal
7) signed cycle route, cycling is illegal but usually nobody bothers to
enforce this rule
8) signed cycle route, cycling is illegal and this rule is enforced

I would use

1) [highway=cycleway] (bicycle=designated is implied) or [highway=path;
bicycle=designated]
2) nothing iff bicycle=yes is implied, bicycle=yes otherwise
3) nothing iff bicycle=no is implied, bicycle=no otherwise
4) see above
5) bicycle=yes
6, 7, 8) tag route as relation, with bicycle access tagged as above

but according to wiki

1) may be tagged also using bicycle=official
5) should be tagged as bicycle=designated ("normally a vehicle is banned,
but in
this case it is allowed")
6, 7, 8) should be tagged as bicycle=designated ("a suggested route")

What more, there are people interested in different tags for situation 3)
and 4)
(usually they want to use bicycle=designated for 3).

I am not sure what would be the best solution of situation. I thought about

I) redefining =designated to the definition of =official
II) defining bicycle=designated to be like =official
III) retagging bicycle=designated on official cycleways to bicycle=official
IV) creation of new tag official_cycleway=yes/no that may be applied to
bicycle=designated ways that would clarify status

I and II are not solving "I want to tag illegal but popular bicycle routes"
II in addition would mean that say horse=designated and bicycle=designated
follows different logic
III would mean that multiple data consumers need to follow tagging change
IV is an ugly hack that would be sooner or later followed by III
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