Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Seebs
Before I get to the rest of this: Thinking it through, I've been unreasonable and grumpy here, and I'm trying to figure this out a bit more. A general observation: There's no real data here, so far as I can tell. There is no pair of languages which are exactly identical except for whether they u

Re: Processing a large string

2011-08-11 Thread Nobody
On Thu, 11 Aug 2011 19:03:36 -0700, goldtech wrote: > Say I have a very big string with a pattern like: > > akakksssk3dhdhdhdbddb3dkdkdkddk3dmdmdmd3dkdkdkdk3asnsn. > > I want to split the sting into separate parts on the "3" and process > each part separately. I might run into memory limitat

Re: multiprocessing timing issue

2011-08-11 Thread Tim Arnold
On 8/10/2011 11:36 PM, Philip Semanchuk wrote: On Aug 9, 2011, at 1:07 PM, Tim Arnold wrote: Hi, I'm having problems with an empty Queue using multiprocessing. The task: I have a bunch of chapters that I want to gather data on individually and then update a report database with the results.

Re: [Edu-sig] [ANNC] pynguin-0.11 python turtle graphics application

2011-08-11 Thread mokurai
The purely graphical Python version of turtle Graphics is Turtle Art/Turtle Blocks in the Sugar education software. http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4027 You are welcome to adapt the tutorials at http:wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials to Pynguin or any other

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Steven D'Aprano
Matt Joiner wrote: > +0.5 > > The "trailing \" workaround is nonobvious. Wrapping in () is noisy and > already heavily used by other syntactical structures. "Noisy"? Compare: # Best viewed with a fixed-width font if a if (a and b and b or c:

Re: Processing a large string

2011-08-11 Thread Steven D'Aprano
goldtech wrote: > Hi, > > Say I have a very big string with a pattern like: > > akakksssk3dhdhdhdbddb3dkdkdkddk3dmdmdmd3dkdkdkdk3asnsn. Define "big". What seems big to you is probably not big to your computer. > I want to split the sting into separate parts on the "3" and process > each

Re: Processing a large string

2011-08-11 Thread MRAB
On 12/08/2011 03:03, goldtech wrote: Hi, Say I have a very big string with a pattern like: akakksssk3dhdhdhdbddb3dkdkdkddk3dmdmdmd3dkdkdkdk3asnsn. I want to split the sting into separate parts on the "3" and process each part separately. I might run into memory limitations if I use "split"

Processing a large string

2011-08-11 Thread goldtech
Hi, Say I have a very big string with a pattern like: akakksssk3dhdhdhdbddb3dkdkdkddk3dmdmdmd3dkdkdkdk3asnsn. I want to split the sting into separate parts on the "3" and process each part separately. I might run into memory limitations if I use "split" and get a big array(?) I wondered if

Re: TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

2011-08-11 Thread Jason Swails
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 8:56 PM, Forafo San wrote: > > Thank you all for your replies. When I do a > > from Univariate import Univariate > > the TypeError disappears and everything is fine. Clearly this was an error > that a newbie such as myself is likely to make because of little experience >

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Steven D'Aprano
Chris Angelico wrote: > Incidentally, I will happily argue the > benefits of Python's significant whitespace, even though I disagree > with it; there are quite a few. Please be careful about conflating significant indentation with significant whitespace. Many languages have significant whitespac

Re: TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

2011-08-11 Thread Forafo San
On Thursday, August 11, 2011 8:22:20 PM UTC-4, MRAB wrote: > On 11/08/2011 23:43, Forafo San wrote: > > I wrote a class, Univariate, that resides in a directory that is in my > > PYTHONPATH. I'm able to import that class into a *.py file. However when I > > try to instantiate an object with that

Re: TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

2011-08-11 Thread MRAB
On 11/08/2011 23:43, Forafo San wrote: I wrote a class, Univariate, that resides in a directory that is in my PYTHONPATH. I'm able to import that class into a *.py file. However when I try to instantiate an object with that class like: x = Univariate(a) # a is a list that is expect

Re: TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

2011-08-11 Thread David Robinow
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 6:43 PM, Forafo San wrote: > I wrote a class, Univariate, that resides in a directory that is in my > PYTHONPATH. I'm able to >import that class into a *.py file. However when I > try to instantiate an object with that class like: What makes you think you're able to im

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Chris Angelico
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 10:19 PM, Seebs wrote: > I am pretty sure Python is a pretty nice language.  However, the indentation > thing has screwed me a few times.  Furthermore, I know people who like Python > a great deal and acknowledge, without much difficulty, that the indentation > thing has ca

Re: TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

2011-08-11 Thread John Gordon
In Forafo San writes: > I wrote a class, Univariate, that resides in a directory that is in my > PYTHONPATH. I'm able to import that class into a *.py file. However when I > try to instantiate an object with that class like: > x = Univariate(a) # a is a list that is expected by t

TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

2011-08-11 Thread Forafo San
I wrote a class, Univariate, that resides in a directory that is in my PYTHONPATH. I'm able to import that class into a *.py file. However when I try to instantiate an object with that class like: x = Univariate(a) # a is a list that is expected by the Univariate class python raise

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Devin Jeanpierre
Well the tabs&spaces issue is no longer an issue as far as I understand it (such a change to indent semantics could only go into 3.x), and cutting and pasting to the interpreter is obvious anyway just visually, regardless of the specific error message. The other issue sounds reasonable. Code that

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Ethan Furman
Seebs wrote: We're fully aware of the tradeoffs of significant indentation. You are. A couple of other people I've talked to are. Many others are not. The times that whitespace indentation has bitten me, it was still not difficult to fix -- I just had to look and see which line(s) should/

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Seebs
On 2011-08-11, Steven D'Aprano wrote: > Steven D'Aprano wrote: >> indentation as flow control > Gah! Of course, I meant indentation for blocks... after making the earlier > point that indentation is *not* used for flow control, this was a > particularly egregious error. > How embarrassment. My

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Seebs
On 2011-08-11, Steven D'Aprano wrote: > Seebs wrote: >> I have seen all the counterarguments, and what I've >> mostly become convinced of is this: >> 1. Indentation as flow control was a bad idea. > I'm not aware of any language where indentation is used for flow control. > Python is not one o

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Seebs
On 2011-08-11, Ben Finney wrote: > What evidence do you have of these? The latter, especially, seems to be > mere opinion unfounded in any measurement. Well, on new collection of data, I'm less convinced. The basic rule is: Engineers are nearly always aware of tradeoffs. If I suddenly encounte

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread SigmundV
When I saw the headline I thought "oh no, not string concatenation again... we have had scores of these thread before...", but this is a rather interesting problem. The OP says he's not a database developer, but why is he then fiddling with internal database operations? Wouldn't it be better to go

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Jim Jewett
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 5:29 PM, Devin Jeanpierre wrote: > Howeverm indentation errors have been extremely rare in my experience, > so I'm not really compelled to think it's harmful. Especially since > 3.x outlaws mixing tabs and spaces. I normally get them when starting with code from somewhere

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Devin Jeanpierre
a = b, c = d is a pair of such statements. Howeverm indentation errors have been extremely rare in my experience, so I'm not really compelled to think it's harmful. Especially since 3.x outlaws mixing tabs and spaces. I don't love it, but I guess I prefer it to throwing parentheses and e

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Bruce Leban
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 2:06 PM, Devin Jeanpierre wrote: > > Eek no. If I was suggesting anything, it would have been a third form > of continuation: collapsing subsequent extra-indented lines. This is > never ambiguous. (This could be done in such a way as to permit > comments, namely, by doing i

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Devin Jeanpierre
> Right now you do not need to indent continuation lines. So in order to > disambiguate you would need to enforce indentation for continuations, but for > backward compatibility that would only be required when not using parentheses > or backslashes. Ick. Can blank lines or comment lines appear

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Bruce Leban
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 12:24 PM, Devin Jeanpierre wrote: > Javascript also lets you break lines. For example, this does what you want: > > return 1 > + 5 > > Whereas this does not > > return > 1 + 5 > > Of course, Python would have no such problem, because you could make b

Re: Python 3.X: nonlocal support in eval/exec?

2011-08-11 Thread Paddy
On Aug 11, 8:48 am, Terry Reedy wrote: > On 8/11/2011 3:19 AM, Paddy wrote: > > > We can access nonlocal variables in a function, but if we were to eval/ > > exec the function we cannot set up a nested stack of evironment dicts. > > We are limited to just two: global and local. > > Right. That was

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Devin Jeanpierre
Javascript also lets you break lines. For example, this does what you want: return 1 + 5 Whereas this does not return 1 + 5 Of course, Python would have no such problem, because you could make both cases unambiguous due to the indent. Devin On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 3:17

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Paul Colomiets
Hi Matt, On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 5:28 PM, Matt Joiner wrote: > +0.5 > > The "trailing \" workaround is nonobvious. Wrapping in () is noisy and > already heavily used by other syntactical structures. Since a final > ':' is needed anyway, i think this would be great. > > if a >  and b >  or c: >  d

Re: code object differences between 2.7 and 3.3a

2011-08-11 Thread Ned Deily
In article , Eric Snow wrote: > Specifically, I am wondering why there is a difference for co_names. This is not an answer to your question but, as a metapoint, in my experience it is usually faster and often more reliable to try to answer questions like this yourself using the tools that the

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Daniel Greenfeld
Something like this already exists: a = 0 b = 1 if (True == True and False == False and a + 1 == b and b - 1 == a): print 'meh' So I've got no idea what this proposal is about except for the dropping of readability of Python. -1 Daniel Greenfeld On Thu, Aug 11,

generate and send mail with python: tutorial

2011-08-11 Thread aspineux
Hi I have written a tutorial about how to generate and send emails with python. You can find it here http://blog.magiksys.net/generate-and-send-mail-with-python-tutorial And here is the content. Enjoy. This article follows two other articles (1, 2) about how to parse emails in Python. These art

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Jakob Bowyer
-1 This idea seems like it would remove the true readability of python. Personally it would create more confusion than it would remove. On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 3:28 PM, Matt Joiner wrote: > +0.5 > > The "trailing \" workaround is nonobvious. Wrapping in () is noisy and > already heavily used by o

Re: indentation

2011-08-11 Thread Ulrich Eckhardt
Amit Jaluf wrote: > which book or tutorial i should for it(Python) > i found "A Byte of Python " by Swaroop > after that which tutorial(book) i have to read You can read lots of book reviews online. That said, have you checked http://www.python.org? Uli -- Domino Laser GmbH Geschäftsführer: Th

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Neil Cerutti
On 2011-08-10, Chris Angelico wrote: > On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 10:51 PM, Ben Finney > wrote: >> Seebs writes: >>> I've seen bits of code in preprocessing-based "Python with {}" type >>> things, and they still look like Python to me, only they favor >>> explicit over implicit a little more stron

Re: [Python-ideas] allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Matt Joiner
+0.5 The "trailing \" workaround is nonobvious. Wrapping in () is noisy and already heavily used by other syntactical structures. Since a final ':' is needed anyway, i think this would be great. if a and b or c: do stuff() On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 11:02 PM, MRAB wrote: > On 11/08/2011 05:16

Re: indentation

2011-08-11 Thread maedox
On 11 Aug, 16:06, Amit Jaluf wrote: > On Aug 11, 8:15 am, MRAB wrote: > > > On 11/08/2011 13:56, Amit Jaluf wrote:> Hello Group, > > > i just start python is it necessary indentation in python ? > > > Yes, indentation is part of the language. > > > Even in programming languages where it isn't nec

Re: indentation

2011-08-11 Thread Amit Jaluf
On Aug 11, 8:15 am, MRAB wrote: > On 11/08/2011 13:56, Amit Jaluf wrote:> Hello Group, > > i just start python is it necessary indentation in python ? > > Yes, indentation is part of the language. > > Even in programming languages where it isn't necessary, it's > recommended because it makes the c

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread Chris Angelico
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 2:46 PM, wrote: > This is the way I am going to use. > But what is the best data type to hold so many rows and then operate on them ? > List of strings. Take it straight from your Oracle interface and work with it directly. ChrisA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listi

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread przemolicc
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 11:59:31AM +0100, Chris Angelico wrote: > > What may be the easiest way is to do the select in a single process, > then partition it and use the Python multiprocessing module to split > the job into several parts. Then you need only concatenate the handful > of strings. Th

python(x,y)

2011-08-11 Thread Tarmo Tapio
I'm using scitools (Pythonxy). It plots the curve of the function (Figure window) but when I try to close Figure window I get the message 'Pythonw.exe do not answer'. My operation system is windows 7. This happened when I'm using Matplotlib for ploting. If I use gnuplot for plotting closing works o

Re: indentation

2011-08-11 Thread MRAB
On 11/08/2011 13:56, Amit Jaluf wrote: Hello Group, i just start python is it necessary indentation in python ? Yes, indentation is part of the language. Even in programming languages where it isn't necessary, it's recommended because it makes the code easier to read. -- http://mail.python.org

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread MRAB
On 11/08/2011 05:16, Chris Rebert wrote: On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 7:52 PM, Yingjie Lan wrote: :And if we require {} then truly free indentation should be OK too! But :it wouldn't be Python any more. Of course, but not the case with ';'. Currently ';' is optional in Python, I think of it more

indentation

2011-08-11 Thread Amit Jaluf
Hello Group, i just start python is it necessary indentation in python ? thanks in advance ... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Steven D'Aprano
Steven D'Aprano wrote: > indentation as flow control Gah! Of course, I meant indentation for blocks... after making the earlier point that indentation is *not* used for flow control, this was a particularly egregious error. How embarrassment. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/list

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Steven D'Aprano
Seebs wrote: > I have seen all the counterarguments, and what I've > mostly become convinced of is this: > > 1. Indentation as flow control was a bad idea. I'm not aware of any language where indentation is used for flow control. Python is not one of those languages: it uses for, while, if, etc

RE: Cookie Problem

2011-08-11 Thread Jack Hatterly
> Some of these values look wrong. Your 'path' ought to be as the > browser sees it, and your 'domain' ditto; ... > Otherwise, I would recommend omitting those elements and allowing the > defaults through. So I commented out those lines and now have this: #!/usr/bin/env python import strin

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread Stefan Behnel
Chris Angelico, 11.08.2011 12:59: On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 7:40 AM, wrote: I am not a database developer so I don't want to change the whole process of data flow between applications in my company. Another process is reading this XML from particular Oracle table so I have to put the final XML t

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread Chris Angelico
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 12:52 PM, wrote: > On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 11:59:31AM +0100, Chris Angelico wrote: >> There's no guarantee that all of that 256GB is available to you, of course. > > I am the admin of this server - the memory is available for us :-) Hehe. I mean to any particular applicat

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread przemolicc
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 11:59:31AM +0100, Chris Angelico wrote: > On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 7:40 AM, wrote: > > I am not a database developer so I don't want to change the whole process > > of data flow between applications in my company. Another process is > > reading this XML from particular Orac

Re: ipython installed in virtualenv seems not to use virtualenv

2011-08-11 Thread Gelonida N
On 08/11/2011 12:28 PM, becky_lewis wrote: > Just to add ... > > I ran through creating a virtualenv in the same manner as you: > > > ipython is using the virtualenv when it can find them and the system > wide packages when they are not in the virtualenv. Hope that helps you > track down the pro

Re: problem installing psyco on windows (Unable to find vcvarsall.bat)

2011-08-11 Thread Gelonida N
On 08/11/2011 05:24 AM, Miki Tebeka wrote: > You can download the sources tarball and when building specify the compiler. > See http://docs.python.org/install/index.html#gnu-c-cygwin-mingw Your answer put me on the right track. This works: - downloading mingw - downloading and extracting the tar

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread Chris Angelico
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 7:40 AM, wrote: > I am not a database developer so I don't want to change the whole process > of data flow between applications in my company. Another process is > reading this XML from particular Oracle table so I have to put the final XML > there. I think you may be lo

Re: ipython installed in virtualenv seems not to use virtualenv

2011-08-11 Thread becky_lewis
Just to add ... I ran through creating a virtualenv in the same manner as you: $ virtualenv SomeEnv $ source SomeEnv/bin/activate (SomeEnv)$ which pip /home/user/virtual/SomeEnv/bin/pip (SomeEnv)$ pip install ipython Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): ipython in / usr/local

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Vito 'ZeD' De Tullio
Yingjie Lan wrote: > :The trouble of dealing with long lines can be avoided by a smart > :editor. It's called line wrap. > > Yeah, usually they just wrap it pretty arbitrarily, > and you don't have any control, isn't it? umm... besides "notepad" pretty much any other serious "programmer editor"

Re: ipython installed in virtualenv seems not to use virtualenv

2011-08-11 Thread Gelonida N
On 08/11/2011 11:39 AM, becky_lewis wrote: > Hi, > > are you doing a pip install from within your virtualenv (sourcing the > virtualenv and THEN installing ipython)? > Yes this is what I was doing. My default ipython without virtualenv is now: $ ipython -V 0.10 Within my virualenv it is now: $

Re: ipython installed in virtualenv seems not to use virtualenv

2011-08-11 Thread becky_lewis
Hi, are you doing a pip install from within your virtualenv (sourcing the virtualenv and THEN installing ipython)? Becky Lewis On Aug 11, 9:59 am, Gelonida N wrote: > Hi, > > Short version > == > I have a system with ipython installed by my Ubuntu distribution > I created a virtual

Re: problem installing psyco on windows (Unable to find vcvarsall.bat)

2011-08-11 Thread Gelonida N
On 08/11/2011 06:03 AM, Dan Stromberg wrote: Hi Dan, > FWIW, a few months ago I was working on a database application on > Windows, and I benchmarked the psyco-enhanced version consistently > running slower than the non-psyco version. The same code on Linux was > faster with psyco though. Good

ipython installed in virtualenv seems not to use virtualenv

2011-08-11 Thread Gelonida N
Hi, Short version == I have a system with ipython installed by my Ubuntu distribution I created a virtualenv with > virtualenv ~/myenv I installed ipython > pip install ipython --upgrade When using ipython I notice, that it does import the modules from my default python setup and not

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Chris Angelico
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 6:17 AM, Michael Trausch wrote: > Somthing like an "option" keyword (which would only be a keyword until the > first executable statement, e.g., would have to be before even imports) > could enable things like "semicolon" or "explicit", or whatever really, and > only affect

Re: subprocess.Popen and thread module

2011-08-11 Thread Nobody
Danny Wong (dannwong) wrote: >        cmd_output = subprocess.Popen(['scm', 'load', '--force', > '-r', nickname, '-d', directory, project], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, > stderr=subprocess.PIPE) >       status = cmd_output.wait() If you redirect stdout and/or stderr to a pipe, you must wait for EOF b

shouldn't ctypes cast as it does in C?

2011-08-11 Thread Matt Joiner
http://www.mememaker.net/images/public/201108110739296015.jpg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Yingjie Lan
From: Chris Rebert To: Yingjie Lan Cc: "python-list@python.org" Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2011 3:50 PM Subject: Re: allow line break at operators On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 12:24 AM, Yingjie Lan wrote: > From: Steven D'Aprano > On Thu, 11 Aug 2011 12:52 pm Ying

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Chris Rebert
On Thu, Aug 11, 2011 at 12:24 AM, Yingjie Lan wrote: > From: Steven D'Aprano > On Thu, 11 Aug 2011 12:52 pm Yingjie Lan wrote: > >> :And if we require {} then truly free indentation should be OK too! But >> >> :it wouldn't be Python any more. >> >> Of course, but not the case with ';'. Currently

Re: Python 3.X: nonlocal support in eval/exec?

2011-08-11 Thread Terry Reedy
On 8/11/2011 3:19 AM, Paddy wrote: We can access nonlocal variables in a function, but if we were to eval/ exec the function we cannot set up a nested stack of evironment dicts. We are limited to just two: global and local. Right. That was and is Python's execution model. Note that when you exe

Re: Directions on accessing shared folder in windows network

2011-08-11 Thread Tim Golden
On 10/08/2011 21:43, Christian Heimes wrote: Am 10.08.2011 21:52, schrieb Ameet Nanda: Hi, Can anyone point me to a way to access windows shared folders from the network using a python script. I tried accessing using open, which is mentioned to work perfectly on the web, but it gives me followi

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Yingjie Lan
From: Steven D'Aprano To: python-list@python.org Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2011 12:18 PM Subject: Re: allow line break at operators On Thu, 11 Aug 2011 12:52 pm Yingjie Lan wrote: > :And if we require {} then truly free indentation should be OK too! But > > :i

Python 3.X: nonlocal support in eval/exec?

2011-08-11 Thread Paddy
We can access nonlocal variables in a function, but if we were to eval/ exec the function we cannot set up a nested stack of evironment dicts. We are limited to just two: global and local. How about eval/exec take a new env argument that is a nested dictionary whose outer level corresponds to loca

Re: String concatenation - which is the fastest way ?

2011-08-11 Thread przemolicc
On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 03:38:42PM +0100, Chris Angelico wrote: > On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 3:38 PM, Chris Angelico wrote: > > Which SQL library are you suing? > > And this is why I should proof-read BEFORE, not AFTER, sending. > > Which SQL library are you *using*? cx_oracle Regards Przemyslaw

Re: allow line break at operators

2011-08-11 Thread Yingjie Lan
From: Michael Trausch To: Yingjie Lan Cc: Chris Angelico ; "python-list@python.org" Sent: Thursday, August 11, 2011 12:51 PM Subject: Re: allow line break at operators > Perhaps it could be made an optional thing to enable; for example, some > languages by d