$ pdf
pdf pdf2ps pdfcrack pdffonts pdfinfo pdfsig pdftocairo pdftoppm
pdftotext pdf2dsc pdfattach pdfdetach pdfimages pdfseparate pdftexi2dvi
pdftohtml pdftops pdfunite
What's this, a new command called "pdf". I must try it!
$ pdf
bash: pdf: command not found
$ ls -d pdf
pdf
Oh, all along it was
$ history
works fine if I pipe it into tail.
But if I just let it pour out on the screen, I get this junk after it
sitting at the prompt:
9997 Tue, 04 Apr 2023 17:31:36 +0800 history
9998 Tue, 04 Apr 2023 17:31:59 +0800 history |tail
Tue, 04 Apr 2023 17:32:06 +0800 history
$ 64;1;2;6;9;1
There probably was.
Say, there should be a way to protect the user against something like
that. I wish I could just tell it to only allow utf-8 in my history.
Sorry everybody. I cannot reproduce it. Nor is anything wrong with the
HISTFILEs...
It must of had something to do with me exploring many "i3" windows
configurations that day.
man page says:
A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
name=[value]
If value is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
values undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable
expansion...
OK, but do please mention s
> "LV" == Lawrence Velázquez writes:
LV> This is stated under "Simple Command Expansion".
OK good. No more issue.
It's not fair:
set -x a b c
m=$@ n=($@)
== gives ==
+ m='a b c'
+ n=($@)
please either say
+ m=$@
+ n=($@)
or better:
+ m='a b c'
+ n=('a' 'b' 'c')
or metion on
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html the
special exception.
GNU bash, version 5.2.15
Shouldn't "declare -ax" print a warning that it is useless?
m=$@; n=($@)'
+ m='a b c'
+ n=($@)
)
>>>>> "CR" == Chet Ramey writes:
CR> On 9/3/23 6:08 AM, Dan Jacobson wrote:
>> It's not fair:
>> set -x a b c
>> m=$@ n=($@)
>> == gives ==
>> + m='a b c'
>> + n=($@)
Type ^R and some string,
At the point while we are typing that the search fails, all that
happens is the word "failed" gets added at front,
(reverse-i-search)`nni': set
jida^Ci.org/geo/house_numbering/grids/us/il/lake/lake_county/
(failed reverse-i-search)`nnii': set
jida^Ci.org/geo/house_number
Well these days the chances of bells, visual or audible, getting
through are less and less, e.g.,
https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/1528
and on chromebook one must turn the bell on, etc.
So I still think something different should happen than each forlorn
character just mounting up on
bash man page says
-v Display readline variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
Perhaps add an example of rereading via the bind command:
$ bind 'set bell-style visible'
else the user might try:
$ echo set bell-style visible|bind
Yes,
$ help history
should mention how in the world one is supposed to just print the plain history,
without any line numbers or time stamps.
You might say, "Just strip it off with perl or sed." Well, fine. Then mention
that in help history.
Currently one needs massive superfund environmental clean-u
> "MDK" == Martin D Kealey writes:
MDK> How about « fc -ln » ?
I like it!
P.S.,
$ help fc
-nomit line numbers when listing
Yes, it omits the line numbers. But leaves the "^I " separators!
$ fc -l 999 1000|cat -vt
999^I echo invite Nerbleson for dinner
1000^I echo and Snordsw
How unfortunate.
P.S., "\t%s" seems to have an extra space squeezed between them with bash: "\t
%s",
unless perhaps the spec says that %s always starts with a space.
Hmm, so no matter POSIX mode or not, both will be dragging around that
little piece of toilet paper stuck to their shoes (\t)... unless some
new option is invented.
Thanks fellows but now bash has become very slow to the touch that way.
Can you somehow give the user his prompt first and then wait, instead of
the other way around? Also rapid ^P RET ^P RET should somehow be exempt.
> "PG" == Pierre Gaston writes:
PG> Maybe try something like: PROMPT_COMMAND='read -t0 && sleep 10'
But how will that on its own stop me from dumping tons of lines of junk
into bash via one accidental mouse click?
Ah ha! Thanks for the private tip 4 minutes ago. This works!:
saftey_seconds=5
PROMPT_COMMAND='if ((SECONDS==0)); then echo TOO FAST HOLMES, waiting '\
$saftey_seconds' seconds or hit ^C; sleep '$saftey_seconds'; else SECONDS=0; fi'
Hope somebody documents it somewhere as otherwise, well, "the sh
case $- in *i*)
saftey_seconds=5 SECONDS=1
PROMPT_COMMAND="if ((SECONDS==0)); then echo TOO FAST HOLMES, waiting \
$saftey_seconds seconds or hit ^C; sleep $saftey_seconds; else SECONDS=0; fi"
esac
OK fixed spelling.
Put in .bashrc to prevent accidental execution of many line clipboard paste
dumps:
case $- in *i*)
safety_seconds=5 SECONDS=1
PROMPT_COMMAND="if ((SECONDS==0)); then echo TOO FAST HOLMES, waiting \
$safety_seconds seconds or hit ^C; sleep $saftey_seconds; else SEC
# su - nobody
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
$ cat /tmp/r
LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.UTF-8 N=$(echo 統一|iconv -t big5 -f utf-8) sh -xc ': $N'
$ sh /tmp/r
/tmp/r: line 1: 4551 Segmentation fault LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.UTF-8 N=$(echo
統一|iconv -t big5 -f utf-8) sh -xc ': $N'
Something about that embedded nul
What a clod I was, thinking @ was ^@.
OK glad you guys are hot on the trail.
Dear Bug-Bash gentlemen,
http://debbugs.gnu.org/16665 says it seems like a bash bug.
Please have a look if you are also an emacs person.
> "CR" == Chet Ramey writes:
CR> OK, I'll bite. What is C-c C-c supposed to do? It looks like it just
CR> spews a bunch of garbage to your screen. Is that the intent?
C-c C-c runs the command comint-interrupt-subjob, which is an
interactive compiled Lisp function in `comint.el'.
(comint-
Try
su - nobody #(pristine account)
then type :
then type ESC . ESC .
Whammo! The shell dies!
The second ESC . acts like ^D.
# su - nobody
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
nobody@jidanni5:/$ cd /tmp
nobody@jidanni5:/tmp$ script
Script started, file is typescript
nobody@jidanni5:/tmp$ :
nobody
Hitting TAB twice at the end of
nobody@jidanni5:/$ : /home/jidanni/jidanni.org/location/directions/
nobody@jidanni5:/$ : ~jidanni/jidanni.org/location/directions/
shows a list of list of the filenames for the former, but not the
latter. Indeed the for the latter one will have to type the filenames
X-debbugs-cc: chet.ra...@case.edu bug-bash@gnu.org
Package: bash-completion
Version: 1:2.1-2
>>>>> "CR" == Chet Ramey writes:
CR> On 2/21/14, 9:33 PM, Dan Jacobson wrote:
>> Hitting TAB twice at the end of
>> nobody@jidanni5:/$ : /home/jidanni/jidanni.org
In the man page
history-preserve-point
needs its default value listed:
history-preserve-point (Off)
P.S., let's say one just wants to turn it on for a couple of commands.
The man page's Readline Initialization section makes it seem that the
only chance of setting history-preserve-poi
It seems ^B should be allowed to climb back up to the previous line
here, instead of only allowing ^P to do it:
$ e\
> f^B^B
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>> It seems ^B should be allowed to climb back up to the previous line
>> here, instead of only allowing ^P to do it:
>> $ e\
>>
>>> f^B^B
Chet> Why? To readline, they're two separate lines.
Well real emacs can. So we emacs users get the feeling that something
is broken and give up hope of get
This happened in Makefile mode. Well OK, they aren't words. By the
way, in bash, one at least gets a beep and the cursor doesn't move.
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Hurmf, I don't like how the former looks like it was two separate
commands according to set -x:
$ set -x
$ r=1 echo
+ r=1
+ echo
$ r=1; echo
+ r=1
+ echo
They shouldn't give exactly the same, no?
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$ help : !
:: :
No effect; the command does nothing. A zero exit code is returned.
What about that second argument?
$ help !
bash: help: no help topics match `!'. Try `help help' or `man -k !' or `info
!'.
Regarding RESERVED WORDS
$ set ! case do done elif else esac fi for function \
if
How can one make a "ESC ." command that will get the last word from
the last line, even if we have just hit a few ^P's?
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Interesting, here in big5 land I notice set -x will encode into octal
its output unless the item has certian printing non alphanumerics in
it I suppose. Anyways, there should be a way to tell set -x that one
doesn't want the $'' help, and would just like the raw chars. Also a
way to have set -x pri
The man page berates old-timers:
When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used...
However, who is it that is too hungry for the next ")"?:
$ k=$(case x in x) :;; esac)
bash: syntax error near unexpected token `;;'
$ k=$(case x in x) :; esac)
bash: syntax error near unexpected tok
Prompt miscalculations seems to happen slightly more in 3.1.0? Live
with this below script for a few days and often using ^R, ^A, combined
with inserting characters etc. and you too should see how often bash
miscalculates where things are on the screen. It's hard to describe,
so no precise examples
I do
$ # x y z
$ zzz
the ESC. doesn't get the last argument these days if there was a #.
I get a bell. OK, I'll use ":" then I suppose now. Wait,
$ xx yy zz # qq
ESC. still gets the qq.
And ^P still recalls lines, no matter where the # is. bash3.1.0(1).
__
But the man page doesn't say obsolete:
$ help typeset
typeset: typeset [-afFirtx] [-p] name[=value] ...
Obsolete. See `declare'.
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The FUNCTIONS part of the man page should mention that functions can
be destroyed with unset, even if it is mentioned elsewhere.
E.g., unalias is mentioned right away in the ALIAS section.
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$ echo 05017法規修訂座*
05017法規修訂座談會-1.pdf 05017法規修訂座談會.pdf
hitting tab gets caught in the hidden "|" in the last byte:
$ echo 05017法規修訂座談愧|
Display all 3261 possibilities? (y or n)
Therefore bash filename expansion fails upon pipes in big5 chars
$ echo 會|qp-encode
=B7|
It knows it is one char though:
>> $ xx yy zz # qq
>> ESC. still gets the qq.
C> I get `zz'.
Oops, me too.
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Must one use \: to make this work?
$ cd /tmp/jidanni.org
jidanni.org/ jidanni.org:2082/
$ cd /tmp/jidanni.org:
Display all 456 possibilities? (y or n)
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Holy moly, without LC_ALL=C, for every character I type, the whole
line is echoed!
03:39 ~$ LC_ALL=C script
Script started, file is typescript
03:39 ~$ exit
Script done, file is typescript
03:39 ~$ cat -v typescript
Script started on Tue Jan 24 03:39:46 2006
^[[01;35m03:39 ~$^[[00m exit^M
Script
If I do set +o emacs, the problem goes away.
Anyway, you must admit it is a big problem.
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We see:
(C-_, C-x C-u)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
Each line? Fancy. I'd trade it for a way to back out once one has
undone too much. Like real emacs, one can do e.g., ^F to break the
undo "habit" and then begin undoing the undos. With bash there is no
way
Maybe there should be a mechanism to output warning or $?=1 for things like
$ echo $'\0x11'
where the user has fudged the syntax etc.
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No way to hand echo or /bin/echo a NULL.
$ set a $'\x00' b
$ echo $#
3
$ echo A$'\x01'B|wc -c
4
$ echo A$'\x00'B|wc -c
3
$ echo -n `echo -ne 000`|wc -c
0
BASH_VERSION='3.1.0(1)-release'
At least the echo docs should say so.
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$ for i do case $i in *!*) echo $i;done
bash: syntax error near unexpected token `done'
Well OK, but you could also say "... while looking for esac ...".
I bet perl would say that if it had esacs.
Would help in big programs.
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B
The HISTORY section on the man page should mention the case where one
has one bash session in one window, and another in another, etc., both
with all the same history related environment variables, including
$HISTFILE, inherited from a parent shell.
Is it only the shell that exits last the one who
Perhaps bad?
$ cat > p
bb
ccc^Z
$ something_else
$ fg
zzz
^D
$ cat pr
bb
zzz
"I was not finished composing line ccc when I had to do
something_else. Now I have to remember what I was typing to type line
ccc all over again, and it might not even be left o
Maybe bash should print a message when one hits ^Z but there is
nothing to suspend:
$ bla&
^Z
bash: useless hit of ^Z
or
bash: ^Z: nothing to suspend
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The kill(1) man page doesn't mention "kill 0".
/bin/kill 0 #scripts proceed no further
The bash man page mentions kill 0, but not in its main kill paragraph.
The bash man page doesn't mention kill -1.
The bash "help kill" bulrb doesn't mention kill 0 or -1.
The kill(1) man page, as of
procps:
Ins
By the way, printing such a message, one could tell if one's program
died and we are back in the shell or is just not responding.
(Yes one can also see Terminated messages.)
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$ cat t.sh
set -ex
! true #should stop here but doesn't!?!
! false
true
false
: already quit
$ bash t.sh
+ true
+ false
+ true
+ false
$ pdksh t.sh
+ true
$ dash t.sh
+ true
+ false
+ true
+ false
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Regarding the
${parameter/pattern/string}
${parameter//pattern/string}
discussion on the man page:
You don't mention what if pattern is null.
Seems that will never match.
Anyway, no way to
$ set aa bb cc
$ echo [EMAIL PROTECTED]
so that one gets all parameters to have a string appende
Not sure if there is much that can be done here.
The user needs to know to enter \: instead of : which causes him to
just see the files in $PWD. Wait, is needing a \ reasonable?
$ man /usr/share/man/man3/XBase
XBase.3pm.gz XBase::Index.3pm.gz
XBaseFontNameListOfFon
Type
$ abcde
then five DELs or ^H's to erase it,
then five undos (^/ or whatever) to restore it,
and then one more undo for good luck, and
wham, bye bye line. No getting back anything whatever you type.
You'll just have to type abcde all over again.
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How inconvenient, disown, unlike fg,
can't realize the current job or whatever:
$ sleep 111&
[1] 7125
$ sleep 222&
[2] 7126
$ disown
$ disown
bash: disown: current: no such job
$ jobs
[1]- Running sleep 111 &
$ disown %1
$
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Another disown adventure.
# suspend
[1]+ Stopped su
$ emacs -f gnus fileA &
[2] 4865
$ disown
bash: warning: deleting stopped job 1 with process group 3457
$ jobs
[2]- Running emacs -f gnus fileA &
$ help disown
disown: disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]
By default, removes each
I notice bash -x prints some messages in octal,
$'\345\226\256\350\252\236\345\214\226'
I bet there's no way to get it to print them in hexadecimal.
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Incompatibility: one verbose, one not.
$ kill -1 1812 1818 1825 1826 1857
bash: kill: (1812) - No such process
bash: kill: (1818) - No such process...
$ /bin/kill -1 1812 1818 1825 1826 1857
$
Or at least also mention /bin/kill here
$ help kill
...Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons...
$
Package: openssh-client
Version: 1:4.6p1-5
Severity: normal
File: /usr/bin/ssh
Why does this script not finish, only when using su, and only when
using ssh?
# cat script
su my_username_here <<\EOEOE
set -x
echo $- #no -e here, see
remote=my.remote.host.here
false
ssh $remote false #Why does this
Perhaps it's about time to fix this?
$ head -1 one_time_job
wget --spider -Y off -S http://www.ham.com.tw/ctarl/940524-940604衛生署公文.jpg
$ sh -n one_time_job
one_time_job: one_time_job: cannot execute binary file
$ bash --version
GNU bash, version 3.00.16(1)-release (i386-pc-linux-gnu)
Workaround: a
If I put the cursor between the last two items,
$ search 鼓山 福州
and type ESC t, I get
$ s 福州 鼓山earch
Whereas in real emacs, I correctly get
$ search 福州 鼓山
P.S., Here are the items again in case this mail gets mangled
$ echo search 鼓山 福州|qp-encode
search =B9=AA=A4s =BA=D6=A6{
$ set
BASH_VERSI
$ help wait
doesn't mention that PID must be a child of this shell.
Nor does it advise how to wait if PID is not a child of this shell.
User wanted to do
noffle --f &
(wait $!; noffle -f) &
for better or worse.
User forced to use
(noffle -f; noffle -f)&
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Not sure if there is any fix for this. When sending messages like
"Terminated" to the terminal, maybe also send a PS1, if indeed we are
in prompt waiting foreground mode or whatever. Don't just leave the
users cursor parked at column 1:
# PS1="# "
# sleep 33&
[1] 3355
# killall sleep
# [1]+ Termin
So how am I to get
"A"
with bash?
$ cat z
p=A
cat <
Tab expansion works for both parts of
$ some_command < some_file
but not the some_command of
$ < some_file some_command
BASH_VERSION='4.4.0(1)-rc1'
Here we observe that bash _could_ first expand as much as it could,
before asking us y or n,
$ find .backups/\!h
Display all 277 possibilities? (y or n) n
$ find .backups/\!home\!jidanni\!
Instead it waits until we say "n".
(All I typed was the first line, and the "n").
BASH_VERSION='4.4.0(1)-rc
$ bla1 bla2 bla3 &
$
$ &
Why not
$ bla3
What value is remembering "&".
Emacs' doesn't, and doesn't bother even mentioning it:
C-c . runs the command comint-insert-previous-argument, which is an
interactive compiled Lisp function in `comint.el'.
It is bound to C-c ..
(comint-insert-previous-a
On the bash page at the end of
Readline Command Names
The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
Furthermore, one could finally do
$ run_readline_command dump-variables | grep bell
prefer-visible-bell is set to `on'
bell-style is set to `audible'
which is rather impossible, even if one does bind unbound commands.
Currently one must probably use script(1), bind the key, and then exit
and grep
>>>>> "CR" == Chet Ramey writes:
CR> On 3/24/24 11:39 PM, Lawrence Velázquez wrote:
>> On Sun, Mar 24, 2024, at 11:01 PM, Dan Jacobson wrote:
>>> P.S., "\t%s" seems to have an extra space squeezed between them with
>>> bash: "\t
It seems these should both make one line "+ a=b c=b" output,
for s in sh bash
do $s -xc 'a=b c=$a'
done
I mean they give the same results, but bash splits it into
two lines, so the user reading the bash -x output cannot tell
if one (correct) or two (incorrect) lines were used.
They can tell with
$ echo \#!/usr/bin/python > k
$ chmod +x k
$ ./k
bash: ./k: cannot execute: required file not found
Bash should really mention what file it is talking about.
$ echo 'x:k; ./$<' > Makefile
$ make
./k
make: ./k: No such file or directory
make: *** [Makefile:1: x] Error 127
$ ls ./k
./k
Make is wor
$ history
is nice, but what if you want to have it read from a different file?
$ help history
says
If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,
if HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.
Alas, it also says
history: history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or
$ history |wc - $HISTFILE|sed \$d
7622 75741 532254 -
14973 29625 320996 /home/jidanni/.bash_history_jidanni
Works as expected.
$ (a=~/.bash_history_jidanni-emacs; HISTFILE=$a history |wc - $a|sed \$d)
7625 75780 532531 - ### I expected to see about 1399/2 here.
13993535
$ e哈=1
bash: e哈=1: command not found
OK, but on man bash is it ever mentioned that a variable name must be all ASCII?
ENVIRONMENT
When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
environment. This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form
nam
Please document on the man page somewhere that set -v, +v inside case
statements is special:
$ cat A
case x in x)
set -v
: B
case y in y)
set -v
: Z
;;
esac
$ help command | grep -i -- -v
-vprint a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin
-Vprint a more verbose description of each COMMAND
$ command -v cat
/bin/cat
$ type cat
cat is /bin/cat
$ command -V cat
cat is /bin/cat
So it turns out -V is like type, not -v!
Also
$ help for
only mentions
for name [ [ in [ word ... ] ] ; ] do list ; done
and needs to be updated to mention
for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) ; do list ; done
$ echo $BASH_VERSION
5.1.8(1)-release
OK, then "help for" should at least mention that trick to get the rest of
the story.
$ help f|wc -l
72
$ help fo |wc -l
24
$ help for |wc -l
10
$ help for\ |wc -l
14
$ help for\ \( |wc -l
14
$ help for\ \(\(|wc -l
14
So help help's 'If PATTERN is specified, gives detailed help on all
commands matching PATTERN." is not telling the whole story about
matching.
OK, so it first looks for exact hits,
then does a grep style match.
And we see that
$ help f|grep :.
false: false
fc: fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]
fg: fg [job_spec]
for: for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done
for ((: for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS
Man page says:
-vPrint shell input lines as they are read.
-xPrint commands and their arguments as they are executed.
Perhaps mention that -x and -vx give the same results, often or always.
GNU bash, version 5.1.8
I was testing -xeu vs. -vxeu on
set -xeu
set /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated
cp $@ /tmp
update-exim4.conf --verbose
diff /tmp $@||:
set update-exim4.conf.conf
echo . $PWD/$@-jidanni > /tmp/$@
diff $@ /tmp
and no matter STDOUT or STDERR they gave the same results, there in
emacs' *compilation*
# su - nobody #create pristine bug testing environment
$ : >| /tmp/
shows much less choices than
$ : > /tmp/
It is probably wrongly assuming we want to see the
$ : | /tmp/
choices!
BASH_VERSION='4.3.0(1)-release'
$ apt-cache policy bash-completion
bash-completion:
Installed: (none)
No big deal but,
$ help :|cat -e
:: :$
Null command.$
$
No effect; the command does nothing.$
$
Exit Status:$
Always succeeds.$
Super duper idea: you know when we hit TAB and it says
Display all 132 possibilities? (y or n)
Well, that happens to be the 'ls -a' format it is asking about.
Well, who says that is the most natural format or the format we want at
that time?
What if occasionally we want the 'ls -t' or 'ls -ta' f
OK I submitted
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=865875
against bash-completion.
$ ulimit -c 99
$ ulimit -c 99
$ ulimit -c unlimited
bash: ulimit: core file size: cannot modify limit: Operation not permitted
Maybe say: try again with numbers, not letters.
$ ulimit -c
0
$ ulimit -c 99
$ ulimit -c
99
$ ulimit -c 99
bash: ulimit: 99: limit out of range
$ ulimit -c 999
bash: ulimit: 999: limit out of range
CR> The third command attempts to increase the limit beyond the current hard
CR> limit. If you're not root, this is not permitted.
I find it odd that a normal user can raise it only once...
$ $BRO #makes $BROWSER. Good!
$ xargs $BRO #just beeps. Bad.
Yes I have bash-completions installed but am not sure what is to blame.
$ help complete
-rremove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no
NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications
Add
To later restore them do ...
as one often wants to remove them all, try something, and then put them
all back.
I am no
OK submitted https://github.com/scop/bash-completion/issues/173
PG> There is no magic way to restore them
Actually it also says
-pprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format
So maybe it should say do
I=$(completion -p); completion -r; : your tests; $I
but I didn't test it.
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