Newbie Question
Hello all I am just starting to play with programing again as a hobby. I have heard good things about python. I have not really looked into the language much. My question is, will python make programs with a gui under windows xp. If it will do this I will explore the language more, if not I will try some other language. Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Thanks for the help
Hello All Thanks for taking the time to answer my question. I do not need 3d stuff. Just a couple of buttons and menu's. The reason I am looking at python is it is free to download. I cannot afford VB or other commercial languages. Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
warnings filters for varying message
Looking at the docs for warnings.simplefilter
(http://docs.python.org/2/library/warnings.html) I think the following
script should only produce one warning at each line as any message is
matched by the simple filter
import warnings
warnings.simplefilter('default')
for i in xrange(2):
warnings.warn('Warning message') # This prints 1 warning
warnings.warn("Warning %d" % i) # This prints 2 warnings
What do I need to do to get the warnings module just to print one
warning for the second warnings.warn line?
Thanks,
John.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Access descendant class's module namespace from superclass
Dear group, I'd have a class defined in one module, which descends from another class defined in a different module. I'd like the superclass to be able to access objects defined in the first module (given an instance of the first class) without importing it. Example of what I'm looking for: <<>> class Spam(object): def fish(self): a = self.__module__.Ham() <<>> import spam class Eggs(spam.Spam): pass class Ham(object): pass The above doesn't work because __module__ is a string, not a module object: >>> import eggs >>> b = eggs.Eggs() >>> b.fish() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ? File "spam.py", line 3, in foo a = self.__module__.Ham() AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'Ham' (I suppose I could call __import__(self.__module__), but that seems kind of awkward.) Is this possible using Python 2.3? Any better ways to accomplish this? Thanks very much for any help, Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Easiest framework to develop simple interactive web site in python?
Hi, I need to write a web interface for some computational biology software I've written: http://sysbio.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/johns/STEME/rst/_build/html/index.html I don't have much experience writing web sites or applications. Can anyone recommend a python framework that will allow me to easily write a few pages? I need to accept some user input in the form of some options and download a potentially large file from the user's computer. The job can take some time to run so I'll need to notify them via email when it has finished. I should say our group already uses an Apache web server so I'd like to host the pages from that server. I know there are various python web frameworks but I don't want to learn a complicated one, I really just want the simplest tool for the job. Are any of the following suitable? Zope, Django, Pylons, Grok, Pyramid I see quite a few are listed here: http://wiki.python.org/moin/WebFrameworks Thanks in advance for any help, John. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Easiest framework to develop simple interactive web site in python?
On 12/09/11 19:37, Stefaan Himpe wrote: The simplest one to learn is web2py http://www.web2py.com No configuration needed, just unpack and get started. It also has very good documentation and tons of little examples to get things done. The other options you mentioned are good too :) OK I've had a look at bottle, cherrypy and web2py and they look fairly straightforward. I'll check out some more and see where I get to. Thanks for the tips, John. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
Hi,
I was hoping namedtuples could be used as replacements for tuples in all
instances. There seem to be some differences between how tuples and namedtuples
are created. For example with a tuple I can do:
a=tuple([1,2,3])
with namedtuples I get a TypeError:
from collections import namedtuple
B=namedtuple('B', 'x y z')
b=B([1,2,3])
TypeError: __new__() takes exactly 4 arguments (2 given)
> (3)()
1 from collections import namedtuple
2 B=namedtuple('B', 'x y z')
> 3 b=B([1,2,3])
I'm seeing this problem because of the following code in IPython:
def canSequence(obj):
if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
t = type(obj)
return t([can(i) for i in obj])
else:
return obj
where obj is a namedtuple and t([can(i) for i in obj]) fails with the
TypeError. See http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.ipython.user/10270
for more info.
Is this a problem with namedtuples, ipython or just a feature?
Thanks,
John.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 18/02/13 12:05, Oscar Benjamin wrote: > On 18 February 2013 12:03, Oscar Benjamin wrote: >> On 18 February 2013 11:47, John Reid wrote: >>> I'm seeing this problem because of the following code in IPython: >>> >>> def canSequence(obj): >>> if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)): >>> t = type(obj) >>> return t([can(i) for i in obj]) >>> else: >>> return obj >> What is the point of the code above? If obj is a list or a tuple you >> create a new list or tuple with the same data and then return it >> otherwise you just return the object. What about: > Sorry, I didn't read this properly. I see that you want apply can() to > all the elements. What is the reason for wanting to preserve the type > of the sequence? > > Well like I said it is not me that wants to do this. It is part of the code in IPython for sending messages between clients and engines. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 18/02/13 12:03, Oscar Benjamin wrote: > On 18 February 2013 11:47, John Reid wrote: >> Hi, >> >> I was hoping namedtuples could be used as replacements for tuples in all >> instances. > namedtuples are not really intended to serves as tuples anywhere. They > are intended to provide lightweight, immutable, hashable objects with > *named* (rather than numbered) values. If they are not supposed to be tuples then calling them namedtuples and inheriting from tuple seems a little odd. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 18/02/13 12:11, Dave Angel wrote:
> On 02/18/2013 06:47 AM, John Reid wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> I was hoping namedtuples could be used as replacements for tuples in
>> all instances. There seem to be some differences between how tuples
>> and namedtuples are created. For example with a tuple I can do:
>>
>> a=tuple([1,2,3])
>>
>> with namedtuples I get a TypeError:
>>
>> from collections import namedtuple
>> B=namedtuple('B', 'x y z')
>> b=B([1,2,3])
>
> You are passing a single list to the constructor, but you specified that
> the namedtuple was to have 3 items. So you need two more.
I'm aware how to construct the namedtuple and the tuple. My point was
that they use different syntaxes for the same operation and this seems
to break ipython. I was wondering if this is a necessary design feature
or perhaps just an oversight on the part of the namedtuple author or
ipython developers.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 18/02/13 14:12, Oscar Benjamin wrote: > On 18 February 2013 13:51, John Reid wrote: >> On 18/02/13 12:03, Oscar Benjamin wrote: >>> On 18 February 2013 11:47, John Reid wrote: >>>> Hi, >>>> >>>> I was hoping namedtuples could be used as replacements for tuples in all >>>> instances. >>> namedtuples are not really intended to serves as tuples anywhere. They >>> are intended to provide lightweight, immutable, hashable objects with >>> *named* (rather than numbered) values. >> If they are not supposed to be tuples then calling them namedtuples and >> inheriting from tuple seems a little odd. > You can use namedtuple instances in places that expect tuples. > Inheriting from tuples enables them to be all the things I said: > lightweight, immutable and hashable. The type object itself has a > different interface for the constructor, though. > > Then I can't use them in every place I use tuples. For example IPython relies upon the type's interface for the constructor as part of a serialization mechanism. I wonder why they have a different interface. It seems to restrict their usability. No doubt there were other factors involved in the design of the interface. John. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 18/02/13 14:15, Oscar Benjamin wrote:
> On 18 February 2013 14:09, John Reid wrote:
>> On 18/02/13 12:11, Dave Angel wrote:
>>> On 02/18/2013 06:47 AM, John Reid wrote:
>>>> Hi,
>>>>
>>>> I was hoping namedtuples could be used as replacements for tuples in
>>>> all instances. There seem to be some differences between how tuples
>>>> and namedtuples are created. For example with a tuple I can do:
>>>>
>>>> a=tuple([1,2,3])
>>>>
>>>> with namedtuples I get a TypeError:
>>>>
>>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>>> B=namedtuple('B', 'x y z')
>>>> b=B([1,2,3])
>>>
>>> You are passing a single list to the constructor, but you specified that
>>> the namedtuple was to have 3 items. So you need two more.
>>
>> I'm aware how to construct the namedtuple and the tuple. My point was
>> that they use different syntaxes for the same operation and this seems
>> to break ipython. I was wondering if this is a necessary design feature
>> or perhaps just an oversight on the part of the namedtuple author or
>> ipython developers.
>
> I would say that depending on isinstance(obj, tuple) was the error. I
> can't offer a suggestion as you haven't clarified what the purpose of
> this code in canSequence() is or what constraints it is expected to
> satisfy.
>
Like I said it is not my code. I'm hoping the IPython developers can
help me out here. That said it would be nice to know the rationale for
namedtuple.__new__ to have a different signature to tuple.__new__. I'm
guessing namedtuple._make has a similar interface to tuple.__new__. Does
anyone know what the rationale was for this design?
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 18/02/13 14:53, Oscar Benjamin wrote:
> On 18 February 2013 14:23, John Reid wrote:
> [snip]
>> That said it would be nice to know the rationale for
>> namedtuple.__new__ to have a different signature to tuple.__new__. I'm
>> guessing namedtuple._make has a similar interface to tuple.__new__. Does
>> anyone know what the rationale was for this design?
>
> Because namedtuples use names for the arguments in the constructor:
>
>>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
>>>> p1 = Point(x=2, y=3)
>>>> p1
> Point(x=2, y=3)
>>>> p1.x
> 2
>
That's a good point. I haven't used __new__ much before but wouldn't
something like this __new__() cater for both uses? (Example taken from
namedtuple docs
http://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple).
>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'], verbose=True)
class Point(tuple):
'Point(x, y)'
__slots__ = ()
_fields = ('x', 'y')
def __new__(_cls, *args, **kwds):
'Create a new instance of Point(x, y)'
if args:
return _tuple.__new__(_cls, args)
else:
return _tuple.__new__(_cls, (kwds[f] for f in _fields))
...
Perhaps I could subclass namedtuple so that my namedtuples have the
correct signature for __new__.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 19/02/13 00:18, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> Terry Reedy wrote:
>
>> On 2/18/2013 6:47 AM, John Reid wrote:
>>
>>> I was hoping namedtuples could be used as replacements for tuples
>> > in all instances.
>>
>> This is a mistake in the following two senses. First, tuple is a class
>> with instances while namedtuple is a class factory that produces
>> classes. (One could think of namedtuple as a metaclass, but it was not
>> implemented that way.)
>
>
> I think you have misunderstood. I don't believe that John wants to use the
> namedtuple factory instead of tuple. He wants to use a namedtuple type
> instead of tuple.
>
> That is, given:
>
> Point3D = namedtuple('Point3D', 'x y z')
>
> he wants to use a Point3D instead of a tuple. Since:
>
> issubclass(Point3D, tuple)
>
> holds true, the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) tells us that anything
> that is true for a tuple should also be true for a Point3D. That is, given
> that instance x might be either a builtin tuple or a Point3D, all of the
> following hold:
>
> - isinstance(x, tuple) returns True
> - len(x) returns the length of x
> - hash(x) returns the hash of x
> - x[i] returns item i of x, or raises IndexError
> - del x[i] raises TypeError
> - x + a_tuple returns a new tuple
> - x.count(y) returns the number of items equal to y
>
> etc. Basically, any code expecting a tuple should continue to work if you
> pass it a Point3D instead (or any other namedtuple).
>
> There is one conspicuous exception to this: the constructor:
>
> type(x)(args)
>
> behaves differently depending on whether x is a builtin tuple, or a Point3D.
>
Exactly and thank you Steven for explaining it much more clearly.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Differences creating tuples and collections.namedtuples
On 19/02/13 01:47, alex23 wrote:
> On Feb 18, 9:47 pm, John Reid wrote:
>> See http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.ipython.user/10270 for more
>> info.
>
> One quick workaround would be to use a tuple where required and then
> coerce it back to Result when needed as such:
>
> def sleep(secs):
> import os, time, parallel_helper
> start = time.time()
> time.sleep(secs)
> return tuple(parallel_helper.Result(os.getpid(), time.time() -
> start))
>
> rc = parallel.Client()
> v = rc.load_balanced_view()
> async_result = v.map_async(sleep, range(3, 0, -1), ordered=False)
> for ar in async_result:
> print parallel_helper.Result(*ar)
>
> You can of course skip the creation of Result in sleep and only turn
> it into one in the display loop, but it all depends on additional
> requirements (and adds some clarity to what is happening, I think).
>
Thanks all I really need is a quick work around but it is always nice to
discuss these things. Also this class decorator seems to do the job for
ipython although it does change the construction syntax a little and is
probablty overkill. No doubt the readers of this list can improve it
somewhat as well.
import logging
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
from collections import namedtuple
def make_ipython_friendly(namedtuple_class):
"""A class decorator to make namedtuples more ipython friendly.
"""
_logger.debug('Making %s ipython friendly.', namedtuple_class.__name__)
# Preserve original new to use if needed with keyword arguments
original_new = namedtuple_class.__new__
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
_logger.debug('In decorator __new__, cls=%s', cls)
if args:
if kwds:
raise TypeError('Cannot construct %s from an positional
and keyword arguments.', namedtuple_class.__name__)
_logger.debug('Assuming construction from an iterable.')
return namedtuple_class._make(*args)
else:
_logger.debug('Assuming construction from keyword arguments.')
return original_new(namedtuple_class, **kwds)
namedtuple_class.__new__ = staticmethod(__new__) # set the class'
__new__ to the new one
del namedtuple_class.__getnewargs__ # get rid of getnewargs
return namedtuple_class
Result = make_ipython_friendly(namedtuple('Result', 'pid duration'))
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Secure Postgres access
Hi folks, I would like to access a remote Postgres server from a Python program in a secure way. Postgres doesn't currently listen to the Internet for connections, and I'd prefer to keep it that way. I know how to forward ports using SSH, but I don't like doing this because then anyone who knows the port number can connect to Postgres over the same tunnel. (I'm not the only user on the client machine.) What I envision is something like wrapping an SSH connection which then opens psql once connected, but I'm not too picky. Both Postgres and the Python program are running on Linux. Any ideas? Thanks very much for any help. Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Secure Postgres access
On Wed, 06 Sep 2006 09:29:59 -0700, Paul Rubin wrote: > Reid Priedhorsky <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: >> I know how to forward ports using SSH, but I don't like doing this because >> then anyone who knows the port number can connect to Postgres over the >> same tunnel. (I'm not the only user on the client machine.) > > Wouldn't they need a database password? Well, right now, no. I have Postgres configured to trust the OS on who is who. I would prefer not to change that because I don't want another place containing authentication information. I'd like to connect by entering only my SSH password, not my SSH password and a database password too. This is why straight SSH tunneling, as suggested by Marshall and Larry, isn't satisfactory: once I've set up the tunnel, anyone on the local machine can connect to the tunnel and then they have passwordless access into the database. I control the database machine, and the only user is me. I don't control the local machine, and it has many users I don't trust. Thanks, Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Secure Postgres access
On Thu, 07 Sep 2006 18:36:32 -0700, Paul Rubin wrote: > Reid Priedhorsky <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: >> > Wouldn't they need a database password? >> >> Well, right now, no. I have Postgres configured to trust the OS on who is >> who. > > You trust the OS on the client machine, but not the client machine's > users? Does it run identd? Maybe you could use that. I'd consider > this shaky for any real security application, but it might be better > than nothing depending on what you're doing. Hi Paul, Thanks for your help. No -- I suppose I wasn't clear. There are two machines involved: A) Database server. Run by me. I trust the OS on who is who, and there is only one user (me). So database clients run on this box don't require a password. B) Work machine. Run by others, many users. I'd like to also run my database client (Python) here. SSH tunnel is unsatisfactory because other folks can slip down the tunnel after I set it up and then connect to the DB as me. Having the DB on (A) listen to the Internet as well as localhost for connections is also unsatisfactory, because I don't want to set up database passwords. What I'd like is functionality similar to what Subversion does with "svn+ssh://" URLs: an SSH tunnel that accepts only one connection and doesn't have race conditions. Thanks again, Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
A* search implementation in Python
Hi folks, I'm looking for an open-source Python implementation of A* search for use in a mapping application. As the star is an operator in Google, I haven't figured out how to formulate a useful search. :/ Any help would be very much appreciated. Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Forking SocketServer daemon -- updating state
Hi folks, I am implementing a forking SocketServer daemon that maintains significant internal state (a graph that takes ~30s to build by fetching from a SQL database, and eventually further state that may take up to an hour to build). I would like to be able to notify the daemon that it needs to update its state. Because it forks for each new request, a request handler can't update the state because then only the child would have the new state. One idea I had was to use signals. Is it safe to write a signal handler that does extensive work (several seconds)? Seems like even so, it might be tricky to do this without race conditions. Another possibility is that the signal handler simply sets a needs_update flag, which I could check for in a handle_request() loop. The disadvantage here is that the update wouldn't happen until after the next request is handled, and I would like the state to be available for that next request. A solution might be to send a signal followed by a dummy request, which seems a bit awkward. Any other ideas or suggestions? Thanks in advance, Reid p.s. This group's help on A* search was very much appreciated -- just the ticket! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python and windows bandwidth statistics?
I've been searching for a something in Python for me to be able to get the total outbound or inbound bandwidth (in Windows (or cross-OS compatible). Can anyone help me out? Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python crash
Python crashes in glibc with the following stack trace. I'm using an interface to R (rpy2), ipython, matplotlib, numpy, and scipy with a wx backend. I'm not sure if the stack trace shows which is the culprit. I've probably misconfigured one of their installs but knowing which one to recompile is a bit of a problem. They all took some time to install so I don't really want to start from scratch again and there's no knowing if that would fix it anyhow. I'm on 64 bit Ubuntu: Linux john-dell 2.6.27-11-generic #1 SMP Wed Apr 1 20:53:41 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux Python 2.5.2 Numpy: 1.2.1 Scipy: 0.7.0rc2 IPython: 0.9.1 matplotlib: 0.98.5.2 wx: 2.8.8.0 (gtk2-unicode) I suspect it is something to do with matplotlib as I think it happens when I'm plotting stuff but its not completely reproducible. Also, I'm using the Ubuntu python package but I've built numpy, scipy and matplotlib myself. I didn't think this would be a problem though. Any help appreciated. Thanks, John. *** glibc detected *** /usr/bin/python2.5: free(): invalid pointer: 0x7f6e499967a0 *** === Backtrace: = /lib/libc.so.6[0x7f6e6dcf1a58] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x76)[0x7f6e6dcf40a6] /usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/readline.so[0x7f6e6aa7fcd0] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x57e2)[0x491052] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x4dd4c2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x41fb08] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords+0x72)[0x48a852] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyInstance_New+0x86)[0x422956] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x3d12)[0x48f582] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x6872)[0x4920e2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x6872)[0x4920e2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x5483)[0x490cf3] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x4dd4c2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x41fb08] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords+0x72)[0x48a852] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyInstance_New+0x86)[0x422956] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x3d12)[0x48f582] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x6872)[0x4920e2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCode+0x32)[0x4929c2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyRun_FileExFlags+0x108)[0x4b2678] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x489948] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x57e2)[0x491052] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x4cf8)[0x490568] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x4dd4c2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x41fb08] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x3d12)[0x48f582] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x6872)[0x4920e2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x6ad)[0x4927cd] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x4dd4c2] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5[0x41fb08] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyObject_Call+0x13)[0x418c33] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords+0x72)[0x48a852] /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode/wx/_core_.so(_ZN12wxPyCallback12EventThunkerER7wxEvent+0x107)[0x7f6e662099d7] /usr/lib/libwx_baseu-2.8.so.0(_ZN12wxEvtHandler21ProcessEventIfMatchesERK21wxEventTableEntryBasePS_R7wxEvent+0x89)[0x7f6e64556ca9] /usr/lib/libwx_baseu-2.8.so.0(_ZN12wxEvtHandler23SearchDynamicEventTableER7wxEvent+0x54)[0x7f6e64556e54] /usr/lib/libwx_baseu-2.8.so.0(_ZN12wxEvtHandler12ProcessEventER7wxEvent+0x92)[0x7f6e64557f42] /usr/lib/libwx_gtk2u_core-2.8.so.0(_ZN11wxTimerBase6NotifyEv+0x66)[0x7f6e64ee51d6] /usr/lib/libwx_gtk2u_core-2.8.so.0[0x7f6e64dec3cb] /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0[0x7f6e623a551b] /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0(g_main_context_dispatch+0x23b)[0x7f6e623a4d5b] /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0[0x7f6e623a852d] /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0(g_main_loop_run+0x1cd)[0x7f6e623a8a5d] /usr/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0(gtk_main+0xa7)[0x7f6e63fb17a7] /usr/lib/libwx_gtk2u_core-2.8.so.0(_ZN11wxEventLoop3RunEv+0x48)[0x7f6e64de3d18] /usr/lib/libwx_gtk2u_core-2.8.so.0(_ZN9wxAppBase8MainLoopEv+0x4b)[0x7f6e64e6cf4b] /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode/wx/_core_.so(_ZN7wxPyApp8MainLoopEv+0x37)[0x7f6e66208cd7] /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode/wx/_core_.so[0x7f6e6626707e] /usr/bin/python2.5(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x562b)[0x490e9b] === Memory map: 0040-00525000 r-xp 08:05 4825998 /usr/bin/python2.5 00724000-00725000 r--p 00124000 08:05 4825998 /usr/bin/python2.5 00725000-00757000 rw-p 00125000 08:05 4825998 /usr/bin/python2.5 00757000-0075f000 rw-p 00757000 00:00 0 018e9000-0d5d6000 rw-p 018e9000 00:00 0 [
Re: Presentation software for Python code
Michael Hoffman wrote: Does anyone here have software they would suggest for making a presentation that includes Python code? Other than that it would probably be mainly bullet points. I'm willing to consider TeX- and HTML-based approaches. I like pygments for formatting python code. It can generate TeX and you can use it inline it in your TeX source if you like. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Presentation software for Python code
Scott David Daniels wrote: Michael Hoffman wrote: You might take a look at Crunchy, and just do up your talk there. Crunchy is a Python program that combines an otherwise static html document with an interactive Python session within a browser http://code.google.com/p/crunchy/ IPython offers something similar for giving demos. I've found that very useful in the past. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Presentation software for Python code
Neal Becker wrote: IPython offers something similar for giving demos. I've found that very useful in the past. Really? Any pointers? http://ipython.scipy.org/doc/manual/html/api/generated/IPython.demo.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LaTeXing python programs
Edward Grefenstette wrote: I'm typing up my master's thesis and will be including some of the code used for my project in an appendix. The question is thus: is there a LaTeX package out there that works well for presenting python code? verbatim is a bit ugly and doesn't wrap code, and while there are a plethora of code colouring packages out there, they are not all easy to use, so I thought I might ask what the popular options in the community are. pygments -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LaTeXing python programs
Alan G Isaac wrote: The listings package is great and highly configurable. Note that you can also input entire files of Python code or pieces of them based on markers. Really quite great. I tried listings. I believe pygments makes better formatted output (at least out of the box). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: LaTeXing python programs
Edward Grefenstette wrote: I'm trying to figure out how to use pygments. Are there any good usage examples out there? The documentation worked for me: http://pygments.org/docs/cmdline/ There is also a LaTeX package to call pygments at latex compilation time I forget what that is called though. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Safely updating master state in SocketServer with ForkingMixIn
Dear all, I have a TCP server written using SocketServer with ForkingMixIn. Servicing connections is CPU-bound and can take several seconds. I now need a way to safely tell the master process to update its state (by groveling in a PostgreSQL database, potentially for several seconds). How can I do this safely? I thought of two ways: 1. Install a signal handler for SIGHUP and update state when that signal is received. 2. Stop using ForkingMixIn and fork myself, except when "special" requests come in requesting a state update, which don't fork. 3. Look for the existence of a file after each request, and if it's there update state. Option 2 seemed like it would require duplicating a lot of code from ForkingMixIn, and Option 3 seems kind of lame, so I started down Option 1. I produced the following code snippets: # main loop while True: server.handle_request() global update_required if (update_required): # update state update_required = False # signal handler def sighup(signum, frame): global update_required update_required = True With this code, if the server is idle, SIGHUP causes it to immediately drop out of handle_request() and execute the state updating block. Do I have a race condition here? If the master process receives a SIGHUP after a new connection starts but before a slave process is forked to handle it, will that connection be messed up (to use highly technical language)? Otherwise this technique seems compact and elegant. Are there other options? Your help would be much appreciated. Thanks, Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: scaling problems
On Tue, 20 May 2008 10:47:50 +1000, James A. Donald wrote: > > 1. Looks to me that python will not scale to very large programs, > partly because of the lack of static typing, but mostly because there > is no distinction between creating a new variable and utilizing an > existing variable, so the interpreter fails to catch typos and name > collisions. I am inclined to suspect that when a successful small > python program turns into a large python program, it rapidly reaches > ninety percent complete, and remains ninety percent complete forever. I find this frustrating too, but not to the extent that I choose a different language. pylint helps but it's not as good as a nice, strict compiler. > 2. It is not clear to me how a python web application scales. Python > is inherently single threaded, so one will need lots of python > processes on lots of computers, with the database software handling > parallel accesses to the same or related data. One could organize it > as one python program for each url, and one python process for each > http request, but that involves a lot of overhead starting up and > shutting down python processes. Or one could organize it as one > python program for each url, but if one gets a lot of http requests > for one url, a small number of python processes will each sequentially > handle a large number of those requests. What I am really asking is: > Are there python web frameworks that scale with hardware and how do > they handle scaling? This sounds like a good match for Apache with mod_python. Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Validate XML against DTD and/or XML Schema?
Hi folks, I have a need to validate XML files against both DTDs and XML Schema from the command line. In an ideal world, I'd be able to do something like: $ python validate.py foo.xml which would then parse and validate foo.xml using the schema or DTD referenced within it. What I'm looking for is the contents of validate.py. A Python solution isn't essential, but I like Python and I'm doing some other light XML stuff in Python, so I'd prefer it. I did some Googling, but I'm a little overwhelmed by the quantity and variety of stuff I found, and I found a lot of stuff that was out of date. I thought it would be useful to ask here. Let me know if you have any questions, and thanks very much for any help. Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The rap against "while True:" loops
Mensanator wrote: On Oct 12, 3:36�am, greg wrote: Mensanator wrote: while not done: � � ... � � if n==1: done = True � � ... Seems to me that 'while not done:' is no better than 'while True:', because in both cases you have to look inside the loop to find out what the exit condition is. Using a more meaningful name for the flag can help, but you can't teach someone that just by giving them an overly simplified rules such as "never use while True:". They'll probably just replace it with 'while not done:' and think they've improved things, without ever really understanding the issue. You're missing the point. It's not that you have to look inside for the terminating condition. It's that you don't need a break. Nothing wrong with a having a break IMHO. while not done: seems very dangerous to me as you'd have to del done before writing the same construct again. That's the sort of thing that leads to errors. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The rap against "while True:" loops
Mensanator wrote: Nothing wrong with a having a break IMHO. My opinion is that there is everything wrong with having a break. I don't think I have ever used one, I write code that doesn't depend on that crutch. I guess its crutch-iness is in the eye of the beholder. You seem to have a dogmatic view about this. while not done: seems very dangerous to me as you'd have to del done before writing the same construct again. That's the sort of thing that leads to errors. Duh. I won't write silly code like that either. If I need more than one loop structure then I'll do something like while not done_with_this while not done_with_that This is neither clean or well scoped. Besides, since I _always_ initialize the flag before entering a loop, the flag can be reused and doesn't have to be deleted (as long as the loops aren't nested). And since I don't use goto, there's no chance the initialization can be avoided. Initialising the flag is just another line of code that has to be interpreted later. I didn't notice the initialisation in your original post. The best way to avoid the pitfalls of spaghetti code is to not write it in the first place. I agree. With 'break' it is obvious what the code does and there are fewer lines to write in the first place and comprehend in the second. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The rap against "while True:" loops
Mensanator wrote: No, it's just that the OP was asking whether avoiding "while True" is considered Best Practice. How can you answer such a question without sounding dogmatic? I was just pointing out your style of programming seems inflexible. "Just another line that has to be interpreted later" is a strange comment in the context of "del done". Interpreted in the sense that the maintainer of the code interprets it, not the machine. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Instance method decorator garbage collection problem
Hi, I've written a decorator that prints exceptions and I'm having some trouble with garbage collection. My decorator is: import sys def print_exception_decorator(fn): def decorator(self, *args, **kwds): try: return fn(*args, **kwds) except: print 'Exception:', sys.exc_info() raise return decorator The class I want to decorate the methods of is: class InstanceCounted(object): "A class that keeps track of how many instances there are." count = 0 def __init__(self): InstanceCounted.count += 1 def __del__(self): InstanceCounted.count -= 1 class A(InstanceCounted): "A class that I want to decorate a method on." def __init__(self): super(A, self).__init__() self.method = print_exception_decorator(self.method) def __del__(self): del self.method def method(self): pass When I run the following it does not seem like my object 'a' is garbage collected: print 'Have %d instances' % InstanceCounted.count print 'Creating A' a = A() print 'Have %d instances' % InstanceCounted.count print 'Deleting A' del a print 'Have %d instances' % InstanceCounted.count This is the output: Have 0 instances Creating A Have 1 instances Deleting A Have 1 instances The InstanceCounted.count is 1 at the end. If I omit the call to "self.method = print_exception_decorator(self.method)" then the instance count goes down to 0 as desired. I thought that the decorator might be holding a reference to the instance through the bound method, so I added the __del__() but it doesn't fix the problem. Can anyone suggest anything? Is my technique to decorate bound methods not a good one? How else should I decorate a bound method? Thanks in advance, John. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Instance method decorator garbage collection problem
Thomas Jollans wrote: The InstanceCounted.count is 1 at the end. If I omit the call to "self.method = print_exception_decorator(self.method)" then the instance count goes down to 0 as desired. I thought that the decorator might be holding a reference to the instance through the bound method, so I added the __del__() but it doesn't fix the problem. Adding __del__ like this does "fix the problem", but it introduces a new one: lacking a call to super().__del__, you simply don't decrement the instance count. Now that's a good point! I've added super().__del__ but the problem remains for some reason. My A class now looks like: class A(InstanceCounted): "A class that I want to decorate a method on." def __init__(self): super(A, self).__init__() self.method = print_exception_decorator(self.method) def __del__(self): super(A, self).__del__() del self.method def method(self): pass Did you try this? To decorate a method, you'd best just decorate it normally. I doubt your technique will work anyway, as the function returned by the decorator isn't bound to the object, you'd need to pass one self reference implicitly, which is then thrown away. Looking at the original post, I had included an extra "self" in the argument list def decorator(self, *args, **kwds): should have been def decorator(*args, **kwds): With this correction my method decorates instance methods on objects successfully although I don't know why the garbage collection isn't working. simply, def exc_decor(fn): @functools.wraps(fn) def wrapper(*args, **keywords): try: return fn(*args, **keywords): except: #... raise return wrapper class X(...): @exc_decor def foo(self, arg): pass (if targeting pre-decorator Python, the code would look different of course) This way, the function itself is decorated, and the function returned by the decorator is bound to the object. It'll just work as expected, no trickery required. Thanks for this. I remember having some problems decorating instance methods in the past which is why I started doing it as in the original post. Your method seems just fine though. Thanks, John. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Check in interpreter if running a debug version of python
Can I check in the interpreter if I am running a debug version of python? I don't mean if __debug__ is set, I want to know if python was compiled in debug mode. Thanks, John. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
*** glibc detected *** gdb: malloc(): smallbin double linked list
Hi, I've compiled Python 2.7 (r27:82500, Nov 2 2010, 09:00:37) [GCC 4.4.3] on linux2 with the following configure options ./configure --prefix=/home/john/local/python-dbg --with-pydebug I've installed numpy and some other packages but when I try to run my extension code under gdb I get the errors below. Does anyone have any ideas of how to track down what's happening here? I imagine I've misconfigured something somewhere. Is valgrind the answer? Thanks, John. *** glibc detected *** gdb: malloc(): smallbin double linked list corrupted: 0x04de7ad0 *** === Backtrace: = /lib/libc.so.6(+0x775b6)[0x7f0a252215b6] /lib/libc.so.6(+0x7b8e9)[0x7f0a252258e9] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_malloc+0x6e)[0x7f0a2522658e] gdb(xmalloc+0x18)[0x45bc38] gdb[0x476df1] gdb[0x474c9b] gdb[0x474ee8] gdb(execute_command+0x2dd)[0x458d1d] gdb(catch_exception+0x50)[0x535510] gdb[0x4b5191] gdb(interp_exec+0x17)[0x535637] gdb(mi_cmd_interpreter_exec+0x6c)[0x4b9adc] gdb[0x4ba71a] gdb(catch_exception+0x50)[0x535510] gdb(mi_execute_command+0x97)[0x4ba137] gdb[0x53a0f8] gdb(gdb_do_one_event+0x29a)[0x53b38a] gdb(catch_errors+0x5b)[0x53531b] gdb(start_event_loop+0x1e)[0x53a90e] gdb[0x44f619] gdb(catch_errors+0x5b)[0x53531b] gdb[0x450166] gdb(catch_errors+0x5b)[0x53531b] gdb(gdb_main+0x24)[0x44f554] gdb(main+0x2e)[0x44f51e] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd)[0x7f0a251c8c4d] gdb[0x44f429] === Memory map: 0040-00818000 r-xp 08:05 4832730 /usr/bin/gdb 00a17000-00a18000 r--p 00417000 08:05 4832730 /usr/bin/gdb 00a18000-00a25000 rw-p 00418000 08:05 4832730 /usr/bin/gdb 00a25000-00a43000 rw-p 00:00 0 0287f000-0b92 rw-p 00:00 0 [heap] 7f0a1c00-7f0a1c021000 rw-p 00:00 0 7f0a1c021000-7f0a2000 ---p 00:00 0 7f0a20fc-7f0a20fd6000 r-xp 08:05 3498245 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f0a20fd6000-7f0a211d5000 ---p 00016000 08:05 3498245 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f0a211d5000-7f0a211d6000 r--p 00015000 08:05 3498245 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f0a211d6000-7f0a211d7000 rw-p 00016000 08:05 3498245 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f0a211fd000-7f0a21211000 r--p 000dc000 08:05 4825848 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.13 7f0a21211000-7f0a21218000 r--p 00018000 08:05 4841756 /usr/lib/debug/lib/librt-2.11.1.so 7f0a21218000-7f0a21226000 r--p 1000 08:05 4841756 /usr/lib/debug/lib/librt-2.11.1.so 7f0a21226000-7f0a2123e000 r--p 000bc000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a2123e000-7f0a21287000 r--p 003dd000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a21287000-7f0a21299000 r--p 00425000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a21299000-7f0a213e7000 r--p 0018c000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a213e7000-7f0a2152f000 r--p 0207c000 08:05 4653324 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/_stempy.so 7f0a2152f000-7f0a22027000 r--p 01585000 08:05 4653324 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/_stempy.so 7f0a22027000-7f0a2240 rw-p 00:00 0 7f0a22408000-7f0a224d1000 r--p 00315000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a224d1000-7f0a224ff000 r--p 002e8000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a224ff000-7f0a22526000 r--p 00038000 08:05 4653310 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/myrrh_pylib-d 7f0a22526000-7f0a2259c000 r--p 0151 08:05 4653324 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/_stempy.so 7f0a2259c000-7f0a2280c000 r--p 012a 08:05 4653324 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/_stempy.so 7f0a2280c000-7f0a2343f000 rw-p 00:00 0 7f0a23443000-7f0a2344c000 r--p 0001a000 08:05 6169643 /home/john/local/python-dbg/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/datetime.so 7f0a2344c000-7f0a2345c000 r--p 002d9000 08:05 4653290 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_python.so.1.44.0 7f0a2345c000-7f0a23461000 r--p 0005e000 08:05 4653310 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/myrrh_pylib-d 7f0a23461000-7f0a23477000 r--p 0001f000 08:05 4653310 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/myrrh_pylib-d 7f0a23477000-7f0a2347d000 r--p 4000 08:05 4653095 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/libboost_system.so.1.44.0 7f0a2347d000-7f0a2350c000 r--p 00757000 08:05 4653324 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/_stempy.so 7f0a2350c000-7f0a23555000 r--p 021c3000 08:05 4653324 /home/john/Dev/MyProjects/Bio/MotifSearch/python/stempy/_debug/_stempy.so 7f0a23555000-7f0a2355b000 r--p 00048000 08:05 6169627 /home/john/local/python-dbg/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_ct
Re: web hosting, first hand experiences?
On 19:59, Daniel Fetchinson wrote: Hi folks, I know this comes up regularly but the thing is that the quality of service changes also quite regularly with many of the hosting companies. What's currently the best option for shared hosting of a turbogears application? I'm thinking of dreamhost and webfaction does anyone have any recent experiences with these two? Or others? Cheers, Daniel Hi Daniel, I can wholeheartedly recommend WebFaction. I currently have an account running 3 different CherryPy applications (so TurboGears shouldn't pose any problems), and apart from initial teething problems, they have been running for months without interruption. As well as an excellent control panel, they give you full Linux command-line access to your site(s). The level of support is as good as you will get anywhere (short of having experts with you in the office!), and they know a huge amount about Python web applications. Nothing seems to be too much trouble for them. They also provide a 60-day money-back guarantee, so you can try-before-you-buy. Best wishes, Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: py to exe converter
On 19:59, PATRICIA MEDINA wrote: I know there is a converter for python 2.x to executable file, but is there one for python 3.x yet? I use cx_Freeze without any problems (//cx-freeze.sourceforge.net/) HTH Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: py to exe converter
According to //sourceforge.net/projects/py2exe/files/, the latest version only goes as far as Python2.5 :-( Alan On 21/03/2011 19:47, Santoso Wijaya wrote: There's also py2exe: http://www..py2exe.org/ <http://www.py2exe.org/> ~/santa On Mon, Mar 21, 2011 at 11:06 AM, Alan Harris-Reid mailto:a...@baselinedata.co.uk>> wrote: On 19:59, PATRICIA MEDINA wrote: I know there is a converter for python 2.x to executable file, but is there one for python 3.x yet? I use cx_Freeze without any problems (//cx-freeze.sourceforge.net/ <http://cx-freeze.sourceforge.net/>) HTH Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com <http://www.avg.com> Version: 10.0.1204 / Virus Database: 1498/3520 - Release Date: 03/21/11 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Sys.path entries
Hi there, In my sys.path (interpreter only, no application loaded), I have the following strange entries... 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\python31.zip'. This file does not exist anywhere (although python31.dll does exist in \windows\system32\), where could it have come from? 'C:\\program files\\python31\\lib\\plat-win'. There is no such directory, although I can see that this has been added by the PYTHONPATH varible in PyConfig.h (when is this loaded?) Is there any way of removing these entries, or are they best left where they are? (I am using Python 3.1 on WinXP) Also, regarding PyConfig.h - is this read every time I start Python.exe? Many thanks, Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sys.path entries
Marco Salden wrote: On Dec 30, 8:13 pm, Alan Harris-Reid wrote: Hi there, In my sys.path (interpreter only, no application loaded), I have the following strange entries... 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\python31.zip'. This file does not exist anywhere (although python31.dll does exist in \windows\system32\), where could it have come from? 'C:\\program files\\python31\\lib\\plat-win'. There is no such directory, although I can see that this has been added by the PYTHONPATH varible in PyConfig.h (when is this loaded?) Is there any way of removing these entries, or are they best left where they are? (I am using Python 3.1 on WinXP) Also, regarding PyConfig.h - is this read every time I start Python.exe? Many thanks, Alan Harris-Reid Hi Alan, Same for me: C:\Windows\system32\python25.zip is in the only non-"C: \Python25" directroy&file in my sys.path (under Python 2.5). No idea why it needs it. And also in my case the zip file isnt in that location anyway. So also not 3K only or so. But I have no issues with it (so far :-)), do you? Do you run into problems because of this in the path? HTH, Marco Hi Marco,thanks for the reply, No, it doesn't cause any problems. I just thought it would be nice to have a 'clean' path environment as possible. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sys.path entries
Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Thu, 31 Dec 2009 04:31:06 -0300, Marco Salden escribió: On Dec 30, 8:13 pm, Alan Harris-Reid wrote: Hi there, In my sys.path (interpreter only, no application loaded), I have the following strange entries... 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\python31.zip'. This file does not exist anywhere (although python31.dll does exist in \windows\system32\), where could it have come from? 'C:\\program files\\python31\\lib\\plat-win'. There is no such directory, although I can see that this has been added by the PYTHONPATH varible in PyConfig.h (when is this loaded?) Is there any way of removing these entries, or are they best left where they are? (I am using Python 3.1 on WinXP) Same for me: C:\Windows\system32\python25.zip is in the only non-"C: \Python25" directroy&file in my sys.path (under Python 2.5). No idea why it needs it. And also in my case the zip file isnt in that location anyway. So also not 3K only or so. But I have no issues with it (so far :-)), do you? Do you run into problems because of this in the path? Don't worry. The pythonNN.zip entry in sys.path is required to allow a complete Python install to reside in a .zip file -- all modules used at start time (os, ntpath, site...) must be importable before user code has a chance of altering the import mechanisms. Tools like py2exe may take advantage of that. See PEP 273: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0273/ Normally, such zip file doesn't exist, and Python just ignores its sys.path entry; look at sys.path_importer_cache: py> sys.path_importer_cache ... 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\python26.zip': 0x00AB0028>, 'd:\\apps\\python26\\lib\\plat-win': 0x00AB0480>, 'd:\\apps\\python26\\lib\\site-packages': None, ... Same for the plat-win directory; someone *could* use it for Windows-specific stuff, but it doesn't exist by default and is simply ignored. Also, regarding PyConfig.h - is this read every time I start Python.exe? No. It's a copy of the .h file used when Python was compiled from its C sources. distutils may read it to gather some information. Unless you compile the interpreter from source yourself, it serves no other purpose than document the options originally used to compile it. Thanks for the reply Gabriel. All useful stuff to store in my (ever-fading) brain. Regards Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Dynamic HTML controls
Hi, Does anyone know where I can find any decent dynamically-constructed HTML control classes (dropdown list, table, input field, checkbox, etc.) written in Python. For example, for a HTML table I would like something like... MyTable = html_table() # instantiate class MyTable.data = data_list# data-list (eg. cursor from SQL SELECT statement) MyTable.border = 1 MyTable.width = 987 MyTable.column_headers = col_headers# list or tuple of column-headers table_code = MyTable.table.create() # returns string containing appropriate HTML code I don't mind writing my own classes (it will be good practice for me), but I don't want to re-invent the wheel if it can be avoided. TIA, Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Dynamic HTML controls
alex23 wrote:
On Jan 12, 1:26 pm, Alan Harris-Reid
wrote:
Does anyone know where I can find any decent dynamically-constructed
HTML control classes (dropdown list, table, input field, checkbox, etc.)
written in Python.
There's pyWeb[1], which seems pretty close to what you're asking for:
mytable =able(align='center', cellspacing=0, cellpadding=3,
border=
mytable.add(tr(td("first row"), td("second row")))
While it might be a little heavier than what you're after, you should
also be able to do this with ToscaWidgets[2]. You'd probably have to
make basic widgets for the general HTML controls, but that would give
you a good head-start on writing your own, more complex widgets.
Widgets can be a compilation of Python, HTML, CSS & JS. (I used this
fairly extensively when it used to be called TurboWidgets)
If you want to roll your own from scratch, I'm a big fan of the html
[3] library:
>>> from html import HTML
>>> h =TML()
>>> with h.table(border=', width='987'):
... with h.tr:
... for header in ['column 1', 'column 2']:
... h.th(header)
...
>>> print h
column 1column 2
1: http://www.freenet.org.nz/python/pyweb
2: http://toscawidgets.org
3: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/html/1.7
Hi Alex (I'm assuming that is your name from your nickname)
Thanks for the reply - I'll check-out all 3 solutions you suggest and
I'm sure I'll find something near to what I am looking for.
Regards,
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Dynamic HTML controls
Pierre Quentel wrote: On 12 jan, 04:26, Alan Harris-Reid wrote: Hi, Does anyone know where I can find any decent dynamically-constructed HTML control classes (dropdown list, table, input field, checkbox, etc.) written in Python. For example, for a HTML table I would like something like... MyTable =tml_table() # instantiate class MyTable.data =ata_list# data-list (eg. cursor from SQL SELECT statement) MyTable.border = MyTable.width =87 MyTable.column_headers =ol_headers# list or tuple of column-headers table_code =yTable.table.create() # returns string containing appropriate HTML code I don't mind writing my own classes (it will be good practice for me), but I don't want to re-invent the wheel if it can be avoided. TIA, Alan Harris-Reid Hi, There are a few modules to generate HTML from Python : there is a list at http://wiki.python.org/moin/Templating, section HTML Generation packages With HTMLTags, your example would be coded like this : from HTMLTags import * table =ABLE(border=1,width~7) table <=R(Sum([TD(header) for header in col_headers])) for result in data_list: table <=R(Sum([TD(value) for value in result])) print table The operator <=eans "add child" in the DOM tree structure, it avoids having to nest tags with brackets - Pierre Thanks Pierre. I can see this module being very useful. I have downloaded the code from the Activestate site (is that the latest version?) and will try it out as soon as possible. Is HTMLTags Python3 compatible? (I am using 3.1). Regards, Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Dynamic HTML controls
Aahz wrote: In article , Alan Harris-Reid wrote: Does anyone know where I can find any decent dynamically-constructed HTML control classes (dropdown list, table, input field, checkbox, etc.) written in Python. For example, for a HTML table I would like something like... You might look at Quixote: http://quixote.ca/ Thanks for that Aahz - I'll check it out. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python 3's adoption
Xah Lee wrote: Some thoughts about Python 3 Adoption. Xah Lee, 2010-01-26 Some notes of Wikipedia readings related to Python. Unladen Swallow, a new project from Google. It is a new python compiler with the goal of 5 times faster than the de facto standand implementation CPython. Also note Stackless Python, which is already been used in some major commercial projects. Was looking into what's new in Python 3. See: http://docs.python.org/dev/3.0/whatsnew/3.0.html. >From a quick reading, i don't really like it. Here's some highlights: * Print is now a function. Great, much improvement. * Many functions that return lists now returns Views or Iterators Instead. A fucking fuck all fucked up shit. A extraneous oop engineering complication. (See: Lambda in Python 3000) * The cmp() function used in sort is basically gone, users are now supposed to use the key parameter instead. This is a flying-face- fuck to computer science. This would be the most serious fuckup in python 3. (See: Sorting in Python and Perl) * Integers by default is long. Great! * Much more integrated unicode support, rewrite of most its text or string semantics. Fantastic. Finally. Am looking because i wonder if i should switch to python 3 for my own few scripts, and rewrite my Python Tutorial for version 3. Am also interested to know how python 3 is received by the computing industry. Apparantly, a little search on the web indicates that vast majority of python base have not switched, as expected, for many good reasons. Vast majority of major python modules and tools have not switched. Most linux distro have not switched, i don't find any large corporation having adopted Python 3 (Google, Yahoo, Facebook, NASA,... ). (sources: Source, Source) Basically, such a incompatible change with trivial, ideological improvements, is too costy to switch. I wonder, if by 2015, will most large corporate users have switched to python 3. I give it a maybe. In today's Proliferation of Computing Languages, such a major antic by Guido can just hurt itself. What is he thinking? He of course thought himself as a god of lang designer, who sincerely wants to push towards perfection, all future-looking. Unfortunately, the tens of other major language designers all think similarly. perm archive of this post with possible updates here: http://xahlee.org/comp/python3.html Any comment on this? Xah ? http://xahlee.org/ Hello Xah, I have no figures to base this on (just what I have read on the web), but although the vast majority of comanies with big Python investments are probably waiting for the 'critical mass' to use Python3 regularly (oil-tanker effect), I would like to think that smaller operations are experimenting with it more-and-more. I think that for beginners who have dived into Python in the last 6-12 months (like me), it doesn't make sense to start with an older version. I do not want to learn 'old' syntax and functions of a language, only to have to learn the new versions when most developers upgrade to 3 - I might as well learn the new syntax now and be ahead-of-the-game ;-) . I know my choice of related packages (web-framework, ORM, templating-engine) is very limited at present, but there are enough branches and beta-versions around to help me with my learning-curve, and I figure there will be some full-production-releases around by the time I am 'fluent' with Python (12-18 months?). Currently I am using Python 3.1 and CherryPy (3.20 rc1) every day, and have had no serious problems (yet). I would be interested to hear how other people are using Python 3, and with what compatible packages. Regards, Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Threading issue with SQLite
Hi,
I am creating a web application (using Python 3.1 and CherryPy 3.2)
where a SQLite connection and cursor object are created using the
following code (simplified from the original):
class MainSite:
con = sqlite.connect('MyDatabase.db')
cursor = con.cursor()
def index_page():
some HTML code
cursor.execute(some SQL statement)
more HTML code
def another_page():
some HTML code
cursor.execute(anotherSQL statement)
more HTML code
When I call a URL which launches the another_page() method I get the
error message "sqlite3.ProgrammingError: SQLite objects created in a
thread can only be used in that same thread."
Questions...
1. Is there a large overhead in opening a new SQLite connection for
each thread (ie. within each method)?
2. Is there any way to use the same connection for the whole class (or
should I forget that idea completely?)
3. When a method returns to the calling method, is the connection
automatically closed (assuming the object is local, of course) or does
it have to be done explicitly using connection.close()?
TIA,
Alan Harris-Reid
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Web development with Python 3.1
I am very much new to Python, and one of my first projects is a simple data-based website. I am starting with Python 3.1 (I can hear many of you shouting "don't - start with 2.6"), but as far as I can see, none of the popular python-to-web frameworks (Django, CherryPy, web.py, etc.) are Python3 compatible yet. So, what can I use to start my web programming experience using 3.1? Any help would be appreciated. Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web development with Python 3.1
Exarkun - thanks for the reply > don't - start with 2.6 Thought you might say that ;-) Regards, Alan On 25 Oct, 11:52 pm, a...@baselinedata.co.uk wrote: I am very much new to Python, and one of my first projects is a simple data-based website. I am starting with Python 3.1 (I can hear many of you shouting "don't - start with 2.6"), but as far as I can see, none of the popular python-to-web frameworks (Django, CherryPy, web.py, etc.) are Python3 compatible yet. So, what can I use to start my web programming experience using 3.1? Any help would be appreciated. don't - start with 2.6 Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.423 / Virus Database: 270.14.31/2458 - Release Date: 10/25/09 08:10:00 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web development with Python 3.1
Anyway, for simple web programming, frameworks are not worth the hassle. Just use the cgi module. I can vouch for what Paul says. I started in Python 3 years ago, and I did so with a web application (still working on it!). I'm using the cgi approach, and it certainly teaches you the concepts. I fail to see how starting with a framework is a good idea if you don't know how the frameworks work (or what they're actually doing). It would be a bit like doing a web page in Dreamw***er and thinking you understand HTML/CSS. B Hi Brendon, thanks for the advice. Looks like I'll have to go the cgi route myself if I want to stick with with Python3. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web development with Python 3.1
Hi Paul, thanks for the reply (despite the sarcasm ;-) ), >Does it occur to you that the unavailability of those frameworks is part of the REASON they say to use 2.x? Of course, but that doesn't mean that there isn't someone out there who may know of a framework that is already Python3 compatible, or is being worked-on. >Have you answered your own question? No >Anyway, for simple web programming, frameworks are not worth the hassle. Just use the cgi module. Ok - I'll look into it. >... you are the one who decided to zoom off into the 3.1 wilderness before the framework developers got there. I haven't zoomed-off anywhere yet - in fact I've hardly started. I made the decision to start with 3.1 based on the fact that it was the latest version, and hoping that there may be some framework stuff out there (because 3.0 has been out for a while now). However, it looks as though I might have to review that decision, but what I've learned so far is pretty simple stuff, so it won't be wasted. Regards, Alan Alan Harris-Reid writes: I am very much new to Python, and one of my first projects is a simple data-based website. I am starting with Python 3.1 (I can hear many of you shouting "don't - start with 2.6"), but as far as I can see, none of the popular python-to-web frameworks (Django, CherryPy, web.py, etc.) are Python3 compatible yet. So, what can I use to start my web programming experience using 3.1? Does it occur to you that the unavailability of those frameworks is part of the REASON they say to use 2.x? Have you answered your own question? Anyway, for simple web programming, frameworks are not worth the hassle. Just use the cgi module. If you want to use a framework, well, you are the one who decided to zoom off into the 3.1 wilderness before the framework developers got there. If you're an experienced programmer in other languages and you're determined to use a framework, maybe a worthwhile Python learning project would be to help port your favorite framework to 3.1. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web development with Python 3.1
Aaron Watters wrote: On Oct 25, 7:52 pm, Alan Harris-Reid wrote: I am very much new to Python, and one of my first projects is a simple data-based website. I am starting with Python 3.1 (I can hear many of you shouting "don't - start with 2.6"), but as far as I can see, none of the popular python-to-web frameworks (Django, CherryPy, web.py, etc.) are Python3 compatible yet. So, what can I use to start my web programming experience using 3.1? Any help would be appreciated. Alan Don't. use python 2.6 with WHIFF :) http://aaron.oirt.rutgers.edu/myapp/GenBankTree/index http://whiff.sourceforge.net -- Aaron Watters Thanks for the advice Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Web development with Python 3.1
John Nagle wrote:
Alan Harris-Reid wrote:
I am very much new to Python, and one of my first projects is a simple
data-based website. I am starting with Python 3.1
Until MySQLdb gets ported to something later than Python 2.5, support
for a "data-based web site" probably has to be in Python 2.5 or earlier.
The C module situation for Python 3.x still isn't very good.
Realistically, the production version of Python is 2.5. This process
is taking long enough that I'm worried that Python 3.x could do for
Python what Perl 6 did for Perl - provide an upgrade path that nobody
takes.
HTMLTemplate
("http://py-templates.sourceforge.net/htmltemplate/index.html";)
is a minimal templating system for fill-in-the-blanks template work in
Python.
Actually, if you have HTMLTemplate, FCGI, and MySQLdb, you have enough to
do a back-end database.
There are some advantages to libraries (you call them) over
"frameworks"
(they call you) if you're doing something unusual. Frameworks are more
useful if you're doing yet another "Web 2.0" web site.
John Nagle
Thanks for the advice John. I am concerned at what you say about the
uptake of 3.x - you could be right (although I hope you eventually
turn-out to be wrong :-) ).
Regards
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web development with Python 3.1
Martin v. Löwis wrote: I am very much new to Python, and one of my first projects is a simple data-based website. I am starting with Python 3.1 (I can hear many of you shouting "don't - start with 2.6"), but as far as I can see, none of the popular python-to-web frameworks (Django, CherryPy, web.py, etc.) are Python3 compatible yet. That's not entirely true, see http://wiki.python.org/moin/PortingDjangoTo3k Regards, Martin Interesting link. Thanks for the info. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web development with Python 3.1
mario ruggier wrote: With respect to to original question regarding web frameworks + database and Python 3, all the following have been available for Python 3 since the day Python 3.0 was released: QP, a Web Framework http://pypi.python.org/pypi/qp/ Durus, a Python Object Database (the "default" in qp, for user sessions, etc) http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Durus/ Evoque, state-of-the-art templating engine http://pypi.python.org/pypi/evoque/ (this one is available for py3.0 since a little later, 21-jan-2009) All the above also runs on python 2.4 (thru to python 3) For the record, you may see the list of all pypi packages availabe for Python 3 at: http://pypi.python.org/pypi?:action=browse&show=all&c=533 m. Thanks for those links Mario - I'll check them out asap.. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
String prefix question
In the Python.org 3.1 documentation (section 20.4.6), there is a simple “Hello World” WSGI application which includes the following method... def hello_world_app(environ, start_response): status = b'200 OK' # HTTP Status headers = [(b'Content-type', b'text/plain; charset=utf-8')] # HTTP Headers start_response(status, headers) # The returned object is going to be printed return [b"Hello World"] Question - Can anyone tell me why the 'b' prefix is present before each string? The method seems to work equally well with and without the prefix. From what I can gather from the documentation the b prefix represents a bytes literal, but can anyone explain (in simple english) what this means? Many thanks, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: String prefix question
Gerard Flanagan wrote: Alan Harris-Reid wrote: In the Python.org 3.1 documentation (section 20.4.6), there is a simple “Hello World” WSGI application which includes the following method... def hello_world_app(environ, start_response): status ='200 OK' # HTTP Status headers =(b'Content-type', b'text/plain; charset=utf-8')] # HTTP Headers start_response(status, headers) # The returned object is going to be printed return [b"Hello World"] Question - Can anyone tell me why the 'b' prefix is present before each string? The method seems to work equally well with and without the prefix. From what I can gather from the documentation the b prefix represents a bytes literal, but can anyone explain (in simple english) what this means? Many thanks, Alan Another link: http://www.stereoplex.com/two-voices/python-unicode-and-unicodedecodeerror Gerard - thanks for the link - explains it well. Many thanks, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: String prefix question
Benjamin Kaplan wrote:
On Sun, Nov 8, 2009 at 9:38 PM, Alan Harris-Reid
wrote:
In the Python.org 3.1 documentation (section 20.4.6), there is a simple
"Hello World" WSGI application which includes the following method...
def hello_world_app(environ, start_response):
status ='200 OK' # HTTP Status
headers =(b'Content-type', b'text/plain; charset=utf-8')] # HTTP Headers
start_response(status, headers)
# The returned object is going to be printed
return [b"Hello World"]
Question - Can anyone tell me why the 'b' prefix is present before each
string? The method seems to work equally well with and without the prefix.
From what I can gather from the documentation the b prefix represents a
bytes literal, but can anyone explain (in simple english) what this means?
Many thanks,
Alan
The rather long version:
read http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html
A somewhat shorter summary, along with how Python deals with this:
Once upon a time, someone decided to allocate 1 byte for each
character. Since everything the Americans who made the computers
needed fit into 7 bits, this was alright. And they called this the
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). When
computers came along, device manufacturers realized that they had 128
characters that didn't mean anything, so they all made their own
characters to show for the upper 128. And when they started selling
computers internationally, they used the upper 128 to store the
characters they needed for the local language. This had several
problems.
1) Files made by on one computer in one country wouldn't display right
in a computer made by a different manufacturer or for a different
country
2) The 256 characters were enough for most Western languages, but
Chinese and Japanese need a whole lot more.
To solve this problem, Unicode was created. Rather than thinking of
each character as a distinct set of bits, it just assigns a number to
each one (a code point). The bottom 128 characters are the original
ASCII set, and everything else you could think of was added on top of
that - other alphabets, mathematical symbols, music notes, cuneiform,
dominos, mah jong tiles, and more. Unicode is harder to implement than
a simple byte array, but it means strings are universal- every program
will interpret them exactly the same. Unicode strings in python are
the default ('') in Python 3.x and created in 2.x by putting a u in
front of the string declaration (u'')
Unicode, however, is a concept, and concepts can't be mapped to bits
that can be sent through the network or stored on the hard drive. So
instead we deal with strings internally as Unicode and then give them
an encoding when we send them back out. Some encodings, such as UTF-8,
can have multiple bytes per character and, as such, can deal with the
full range of Unicode characters. Other times, programs still expect
the old 8-bit encodings like ISO-8859-1 or the Windows Ansi code
pages. In Python, to declare that the string is a literal set of bytes
and the program should not try and interpret it, you use b'' in Python
3.x, or just declare it normally in Python 2.x ('').
--
What happens in your program:
When you print a Unicode string, Python has to decide what encoding to
use. If you're printing to a terminal, Python looks for the terminal's
encoding and uses that. In the event that it doesn't know what
encoding to use, Python defaults to ASCII because that's compatible
with almost everything. Since the string you're sending to the web
page only contains ASCII characters, the automatic conversion works
fine if you don't specify the b''. Since the resulting page uses UTF-8
(which you declare in the header), which is compatible with ASCII, the
output looks fine. If you try sending a string that has non-ASCII
characters, the program might throw a UnicodeEncodeError because it
doesn't know what bytes to use for those characters. It may be able to
guess, but since I haven't used WSGI directly before, I can't say for
sure.
Thanks Benjamin - great 'history' lesson - explains it well.
Regards,
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Threading issue with SQLite
Many thanks to all who replied to my questions re. SQLite connections, cursors and threading. Looks like I have got some reading to do regarding connection pooling and a decent SQLite ORM package. Does anyone know of any which are Python 3 compatible? Many thanks, Alanj -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Passing parameters in URL
I have a web-page where each row in a grid has edit/delete buttons to enable the user to maintain a selected record on another page. The buttons are in the form of a link with href='/item_edit?id=123', but this string appears in the URL and gives clues as to how to bypass the correct sequence of events, and could be risky if they entered the URL directly (especially when it comes to deleting records). Is there another way of passing a record-id to a method a) without it appearing in the URL? b) without the user being able to fathom-out how to attach which id to which URL? As each link contains row-id, I guess there is nothing to stop someone from getting the id from the page source-code. Is it safe to use the above href method if I test for authorised credentials (user/password stored as session variables, perhaps?) before performing the edit/delete action? I am currently using CherryPy 3.2, but I guess the theory could apply to any HTTP framework or web app.. Any help would be appreciated. Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Passing parameters in URL
Many thanks to all those who replied to my question and clearing-up the differences between GET and POST. I think I know what to do now - if not, I'll be back :-) Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Editor for Python
Hi Laszlo, I use Wing IDE (not free, $35 for personal edition) and PyScripter (free). I find both good, for different reasons. Regards, Alan Laszlo Nagy wrote: Hi All, I know that this question was put up on this list a thousand times. I know that most of the editors are listed here: http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors I already tried most of them. But still, I need something that is not listed there. Requirements: * starts and works fast * has code folding, displays identation guides * auto completion * class browser * source code browser (e.g. a list of definitions, when you click it jumps to the definition * integration with pychecker or pylint * UTF-8 files * free, or not-so-expensive * works on linux and windows The one I'm using now is Geany. It does everything, except class browser and pychecker/pylint. Now maybe, I can install (or write??) a geany extension that would allow me to use pychecker. But I could not find information on that. There where others I tried (PyPE, DrPython, KomodoEdit, Editra etc.) but all of them failed for some reason. Can you please suggest another editor that I could try? Or send me a link that tells how to write or install pychecked plugin for Geany. Thanks, Laszlo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: DreamPie - The Python shell you've always dreamed about!
gorauskas wrote: I installed it on a Windows 7 machine with CPython 2.6.4 and I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "dreampie.py", line 3, in File "dreampielib\gui\__init__.pyc", line 73, in File "dreampielib\gui\load_pygtk.pyc", line 49, in load_pygtk ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. What am I doing wrong? Thanks, JGG And I installed it on WinXP sp3 and Python 3.1 - when launched a window flashes before my eyes, then disappears! Has the installation package been checked for all common Windows versions? Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: DreamPie - The Python shell you've always dreamed about!
Chris Colbert wrote: Do you have gtk and PyGTK installed? Sounds like a missing dependency to me. On Tue, Feb 23, 2010 at 6:56 AM, Alan Harris-Reid mailto:aharrisr...@googlemail.com>> wrote: gorauskas wrote: I installed it on a Windows 7 machine with CPython 2.6.4 and I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "dreampie.py", line 3, in File "dreampielib\gui\__init__.pyc", line 73, in File "dreampielib\gui\load_pygtk.pyc", line 49, in load_pygtk ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. What am I doing wrong? Thanks, JGG And I installed it on WinXP sp3 and Python 3.1 - when launched a window flashes before my eyes, then disappears! Has the installation package been checked for all common Windows versions? Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list Hi Chris, thanks for the reply, That explains it. No, I don't have gtk installed - I wasn't aware of that dependency. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Super() function
Hi, Using Python 3.1, I sometimes use the super() function to call the equivalent method from a parent class, for example def mymethod(self): super().mymethod() some more code... Is there any way of writing the code so that the super() call is generic and automatically recognises the name of the current method (ie. something like super().thismethod()) or do I always have to repeat the method name after super()? TIA, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Super() function
³p wrote: Hi: On 25 March 2010 11:17, Alan Harris-Reid <mailto:aharrisr...@googlemail.com>> wrote: Hi, Using Python 3.1, I sometimes use the super() function to call the equivalent method from a parent class, for example def mymethod(self): super().mymethod() some more code... Is there any way of writing the code so that the super() call is generic and automatically recognises the name of the current method (ie. something like super().thismethod()) or do I always have to repeat the method name after super()? TIA, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list I think, the super() method is designed to delegate any method call to one of the class in its mro list, and the super() function its self return a 'super' object, so it is better to write what method you want to delegate, maybe it's not the current method. -- Best wishes from Ray ... Thanks Ray - I'll stick to repeating the method name. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Super() function
Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:17:52 -0300, Alan Harris-Reid escribió: Using Python 3.1, I sometimes use the super() function to call the equivalent method from a parent class, for example def mymethod(self): super().mymethod() some more code... Is there any way of writing the code so that the super() call is generic and automatically recognises the name of the current method (ie. something like super().thismethod()) or do I always have to repeat the method name after super()? This recipe does what you want: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/286195-selfsuper/ (but requires a bit of black magic...) Hi Gabriel - thanks for the reply. Goodness me - that's a mighty complicated recipe for what I want to achieve! I think I'll stick with repeating the method name - it's a small price to pay. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SQLite date fields
Hi,
I am having design problems with date storage/retrieval using Python and
SQLite.
I understand that a SQLite date column stores dates as text in ISO
format (ie. '2010-05-25'). So when I display a British date (eg. on a
web-page) I convert the date using
datetime.datetime.strptime(mydate,'%Y-%m-%d').strftime('%d/%m/%Y').
However, when it comes to writing-back data to the table, SQLite is very
forgiving and is quite happy to store '25/06/2003' in a date field, but
this is not ideal because a) I could be left with a mixture of date
formats in the same column, b) SQLite's date functions only work with
ISO format.
Therefore I need to convert the date string back to ISO format before
committing, but then I would need a generic function which checks data
about to be written in all date fields and converts to ISO if
necessary. That sounds a bit tedious to me, but maybe it is inevitable.
Are there simpler solutions? Would it be easier to change the date
field to a 10-character field and store 'dd/mm/' throughout the
table? This way no conversion is required when reading or writing from
the table, and I could use datetime() functions if I needed to perform
any date-arithmetic.
How have other developers overcome this problem? Any help would be
appreciated. For the record, I am using SQLite3 with Python 3.1.
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: SQLite date fields
To all those who have replied on this thread - many thanks. It looks as though I've got to look further into date objects, SQLite's native date functions, detect_types, etc.. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Framework design question
Hi, When committing data that has originally come from a webpage, sometimes data has to be converted to a data type or format which is suitable for the back-end database. For instance, a date in 'dd/mm/' format needs to be converted to a Python date-object or '-mm-dd' in order to be stored in a SQLite date column (SQLite will accept 'dd/mm/yy', but that can cause problems when data is retrieved). Question - at what point should the data be converted? a) As part of a generic web_page_save() method (immediately after data validation, but before a row.table_update() method is called). b) As part of row.table_update() (a data-object method called from web- or non-web-based applications, and includes construction of a field-value parameter list prior to executing the UPDATE command). In other words, from a framework point-of-view, does the data-conversion belong to page-object processing or data-object processing? Any opinions would be appreciated. Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Career path - where next?
Hi there, I wonder if any Python folk out there can help me. For many years I was a contractor developing desktop and web applications using Visual Foxpro as my main language, with Foxpro, SQL-server and Oracle as back-end databases. Unfortunately Foxpro was killed-off by Microsoft, hence my work dried-up and my last 'big' contract ended about a year ago. Since then I have taken time off programming doing house-renovation, and in the last 6 months I have been updating my programming skills by learning Python (3) with SQLite, JavaScript, HTML and CSS to a level where I can create and deploy data-based web-sites. My situation now is that I am reasonably comfortable with the above languages and am now in a position where I wish to return to employment using my new and/or existing skills (contract/permanent, full/part-time or teleworking). However, I have yet to find any UK vacancy which will accept a relative 'beginner' - they all require at least 2-3 years Python in a commercial environment. It's a catch-22 situation - it's hard to get a job without experience, but you need a job to get experience in the 1st place! I would even consider doing small projects for nothing so that I can 'get my foot in the door' (although I hope to be wise-enough to know when I am being taken advantage of!). I am also mailing CVs to agencies I think may be interested. If anyone out has ideas as to how to proceed towards achieving my goal, I would be grateful for any advice. Regards, Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Career path - where next?
To all those who answered my original post so far (Jon Clements, Terry Jan Reedy, Philip Semanchuk) - many thanks. Your suggestions have given me a number of avenues to follow. I'll let you know how I get on. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Career path - where next?
Hi Fred, thanks for the reply. I have already contacted old clients (those that are still in business), but unfortunately they have either gone the 'off the shelf' route (ie. don't use bespoke software any more), or moved-over to .NET, which is a route which I don't want to follow. Still, at least I've let them know what I am doing now and you never know where word-of-mouth may lead. I tried C# for a while, but after Foxpro it appeared to me to be such a horrible, clunky language. Then I discovered Python about a year ago and have loved it ever since. Regards, Alan On 17/01/2011 16:13, Sells, Fred wrote: Since you were burned by Microsoft dropping foxpro, I suspect many others were also. I would contact all my old clients and see how they are coping and tell them you've been converting FoxPro to *xyz* and can help them (assuming of course that you have done some of this). If they don't have anything, ask them for leads contacts. Trying to get a job "cold" is much more difficult than if you have a referral. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Code redundancy
Hi, During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to repeat code such as... class1.attr1 = 1 class1.attr2 = 2 class1.attr3 = 3 class1.attr4 = 4 etc. Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat the class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was Visual Foxpro, which had the syntax... with class1 .attr1 = 1 .attr2 = 2 .attr3 = 3 .attr4 = 4 etc. endwith Is there any equivalent to this in Python? Any help would be appreciated. Alan Harris-Reid -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Code redundancy
Jean-Michel Pichavant wrote:
Alan Harris-Reid wrote:
Hi,
During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to
repeat code such as...
class1.attr1 = 1
class1.attr2 = 2
class1.attr3 = 3
class1.attr4 = 4
etc.
Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat
the class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was
Visual Foxpro, which had the syntax...
with class1
.attr1 = 1
.attr2 = 2
.attr3 = 3
.attr4 = 4
etc.
endwith
Is there any equivalent to this in Python?
Any help would be appreciated.
Alan Harris-Reid
Hello,
Use an effective text editor, repeating stuff should not be a problem.
In a more general manner, avoid trying to speed your writing while you
should care speeding the reading.
Most of the tricks you could use will confuse the reader (unless the
reader is familiar with Visual foxpro).
Anyway,
for attrName, value in [
('attr1', 1),
('attr2', 2),
('attr3', 3),
]:
setattr(class1, attrName, value)
or
class Foo:
def __init__(self):
self.attr1=None
self.attr2=None
self.attr3=None
def set(self, *args, **kwargs):
for k in kwargs:
if hasattr(self, k):
setattr(self, k, kwargs[k])
else:
raise AttributeError('%s instance has no attribute "%s"' %
(self.__class__.__name__, k))
f = Foo()
f.set(attr1=25)
print f.__dict__
f.set(attr3=4, attr2=89)
print f.__dict__
f.set(bar= 8)
output:
{'attr2': None, 'attr3': None, 'attr1': 25}
{'attr2': 89, 'attr3': 4, 'attr1': 25}
AttributeError: Foo instance has no attribute "bar"
JM
Hi Jean-Michel,
Interesting solutions, but I think for the effort involved (and
readability) I'll stick to repeating the class.
Regards,
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Code redundancy
Peter Otten wrote:
Alan Harris-Reid wrote:
Hi,
During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to repeat
code such as...
class1.attr1 = 1
class1.attr2 = 2
class1.attr3 = 3
class1.attr4 = 4
etc.
Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat the
class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was Visual
Foxpro, which had the syntax...
with class1
.attr1 = 1
.attr2 = 2
.attr3 = 3
.attr4 = 4
etc.
endwith
Is there any equivalent to this in Python?
No. You could write a helper function
def update(obj, **kw):
... for k, v in kw.items():
... setattr(obj, k, v)
...
and then use keyword arguments:
class A: pass
...
a = A()
update(a, foo=42, bar="yadda")
a.foo, a.bar
(42, 'yadda')
But if you are doing that a lot and if the attributes are as uniform as
their names suggest you should rather use a Python dict than a custom class.
d = {}
d.update(foo=42, bar="whatever")
d
{'foo': 42, 'bar': 'whatever'}
d["bar"]
'whatever'
Peter
Hi Peter, thanks for the reply,
Interesting solution, but it looks as though it may be easier to repeat
the class prefix a few times.
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Code redundancy
Iain King wrote:
On Apr 20, 2:43 pm, Alan Harris-Reid
wrote:
Hi,
During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to repeat
code such as...
class1.attr1 =
class1.attr2 =
class1.attr3 =
class1.attr4 =
etc.
Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat the
class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was Visual
Foxpro, which had the syntax...
with class1
.attr1 =
.attr2 =
.attr3 =
.attr4 =
etc.
endwith
Is there any equivalent to this in Python?
Any help would be appreciated.
Alan Harris-Reid
The pythonic equivalent of VB 'with' is to assign to a short variable
name, for example '_':
_ =lass1
_.attr1 =
_.attr2 =
_.attr3 =
_.attr4 =
alternatively, you could use the __setattr__ method:
for attr, value in (
('attr1', 1),
('attr2', 2),
('attr3', 3),
('attr4', 4)):
class1.__setattr__(attr, value)
and to get a bit crunchy, with this your specific example can be
written:
for i in xrange(1, 5):
class1.__setattr__('attr%d' % i, i)
Iain
Hi Iain, thanks for the reply,
Like the _. prefix idea - I didn't know _ could be used as a variable name.
for i in xrange(1, 5):
class1.__setattr__('attr%d' % i, i)
Good solution if the values matched the attribute names, but
unfortunately they don't. That was just a (bad) example to illustrate
my problem.
Regards,
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Code redundancy
Stefan Behnel wrote: Alan Harris-Reid, 20.04.2010 15:43: During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to repeat code such as... class1.attr1 = 1 class1.attr2 = 2 class1.attr3 = 3 class1.attr4 = 4 etc. Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat the class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was Visual Foxpro, which had the syntax... with class1 .attr1 = 1 .attr2 = 2 .attr3 = 3 .attr4 = 4 etc. endwith Is there any equivalent to this in Python? There's more than one way to do this, depending on your actual needs and the source of the attributes. I assume this is done in __init__? This might work for you: self.__dict__.update(attr1=1, attr2=2, attr3=3, attr4=4) You should also think once more about the use of the code you presented above, having to set all those attributes may have a little smell. Maybe that's totally ok, but since you mention that you "often" find yourself doing the above, you may also have a mental design problem somewhere. We can't tell unless you provide a more concrete example than what you show above. Stefan Hi Stefan, thanks for the reply. The code is not usually in class.__init__ (otherwise I would have used the self. prefix), but I like your self.__dict__.update(...) solution and I'll try and remember it. The code I was thinking of goes something like as follows (don't have a specific example to hand, but the principal is the same)... NewClass = BaseClass() NewClass.attr1 = value1 NewClass.attr2 = value2 NewClass.attr3 = value3 etc. So if there are more than a couple of attributes to set for a class instance, how would you approach it (short of passing the values as parameters to BaseClass)? Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Code redundancy
Xavier Ho wrote: On Wed, Apr 21, 2010 at 7:59 AM, Alan Harris-Reid mailto:aharrisr...@googlemail.com>> wrote: The code is not usually in class.__init__ (otherwise I would have used the self. prefix) Alan, if your variables are not usually in __init__, what's preventing you from using class variables like this: >>> class Test(): ... something = 1 ... more = 2 ... >>> Test.more 2 What's your use case? Cheers, Xav Hi Xavier, thanks for the reply, In this case I am setting attributes of an instantiated class, so the original class might go something like class Test attr1 = some default value attr2 = another default value attr3 = yet another default value etc. and the instantiated class might go something like Test2 = Test() Test2.attr1 = runtime value Test2.attr2 = another runtime value etc. Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Code redundancy
Chris Rebert wrote: On Tue, Apr 20, 2010 at 2:59 PM, Alan Harris-Reid wrote: Stefan Behnel wrote: Alan Harris-Reid, 20.04.2010 15:43: During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to repeat code such as... class1.attr1 = 1 class1.attr2 = 2 class1.attr3 = 3 class1.attr4 = 4 etc. Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat the class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was Visual Foxpro, which had the syntax... with class1 .attr1 = 1 .attr2 = 2 .attr3 = 3 .attr4 = 4 etc. endwith Is there any equivalent to this in Python? There's more than one way to do this, depending on your actual needs and the source of the attributes. I assume this is done in __init__? This might work for you: self.__dict__.update(attr1=1, attr2=2, attr3=3, attr4=4) You should also think once more about the use of the code you presented above, having to set all those attributes may have a little smell. Maybe that's totally ok, but since you mention that you "often" find yourself doing the above, you may also have a mental design problem somewhere. We can't tell unless you provide a more concrete example than what you show above. Stefan Hi Stefan, thanks for the reply. The code is not usually in class.__init__ (otherwise I would have used the self. prefix), but I like your self.__dict__.update(...) solution and I'll try and remember it. The code I was thinking of goes something like as follows (don't have a specific example to hand, but the principal is the same)... NewClass = BaseClass() NewClass.attr1 = value1 NewClass.attr2 = value2 NewClass.attr3 = value3 etc. So if there are more than a couple of attributes to set for a class instance, how would you approach it (short of passing the values as parameters to BaseClass)? Why are you against passing them as parameters? If your constructor would have a lot of parameters, it may be a sign that: (A) you have some Data Clumps (http://martinfowler.com/bliki/DataClump.html) among the parameters that ought to be made into full objects (B) your class is doing too many things and needs to be split into multiple classes (http://www.refactoring.com/catalog/extractClass.html) Cheers, Chris -- Yay Refactoring! http://blog.rebertia.com Hi Chris, thanks for the reply. Nothing against passing the values as parameters, but it can start to look a bit ugly if there are too many of them. Which brings me to your 2nd point of maybe refactoring the passing/receiving of parameters so that I can use an object with attributes instead of individual variable values. Thanks, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Code redundancy
Ethan Furman wrote: Alan Harris-Reid wrote: The code is not usually in class.__init__ (otherwise I would have used the self. prefix), but I like your self.__dict__.update(...) solution and I'll try and remember it. The code I was thinking of goes something like as follows (don't have a specific example to hand, but the principal is the same)... NewClass = BaseClass() NewClass.attr1 = value1 NewClass.attr2 = value2 NewClass.attr3 = value3 etc. So if there are more than a couple of attributes to set for a class instance, how would you approach it (short of passing the values as parameters to BaseClass)? Unless I'm missing something (your use-case, perhaps? ;) in this example NewClass is *not* a class -- it's an instance of BaseClass, and you are dynamically adding attributes to it. It's definitely a switch coming from FoxPro (me, too!), but it is well worth it once your brain starts working pythonically. ~Ethan~ Hi Ethan, You are correct - NewClass is an instance of BaseClass and I chose a very bad class-name as an example. Good to see ex-Fox people on this list. I have recently got stuck-into learning Python after my last VFP contract finished last December - wish I had started years ago. Really glad I went for Python, which I thought would be the easiest transition from Foxpro (I looked at other languages, but none came near to Python in terms of popularity and developer-friendly syntax). What's your story? Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Re: Code redundancy
Andreas Löscher wrote:
You can do something like this:
class A(): pass
inst=)
exec("""
... a=
... b=2
... c=3
... d=4
... """) in inst.__dict__
inst.a
1
This executes the Statement in the exec function and uses inst.__dict__
as namespace. But be aware, that this is not recommended. If you mess
with __dict__, you won't be able to replace it with some logic
(parameter) if you need to do something more than setting a variable.
Best
Hi Andreas, thanks for the reply,
Looks like I'll be sticking with repeating the class-name for a while.
Regards,
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Code redundancy
Ryan Kelly wrote: On Tue, 2010-04-20 at 14:43 +0100, Alan Harris-Reid wrote: Hi, During my Python (3.1) programming I often find myself having to repeat code such as... class1.attr1 = 1 class1.attr2 = 2 class1.attr3 = 3 class1.attr4 = 4 etc. Is there any way to achieve the same result without having to repeat the class1 prefix? Before Python my previous main language was Visual Foxpro, which had the syntax... with class1 .attr1 = 1 .attr2 = 2 .attr3 = 3 .attr4 = 4 etc. endwith Is there any equivalent to this in Python? Please don't take this as in invitation to disregard the excellent advice already received in this thread - I just want to point out that python can usually be bent to your will. Observe: from withhacks import namespace with namespace(class1): attr1 = 1 attr2 = 2 This will do pretty much what you get from the "with" statement in javascript (I assume it's similar to Visual Foxpro). But don't use this in any real code. Seriously, don't even think about it. You don't want to know the kind of abuses that go on under the covers to make this kind of syntax hacking work... Cheers, Ryan Hi Ryan, thanks for that. No - I will not be adopting that solution. Is there anything Python can't do if you bend the rules far enough? ;-) Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Email attachment problem
Hi there,
I want to send an email with an attachment using the following code
(running under Python 3.1, greatly simplified to show example)
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = from_addr
msg['To'] = to_addr
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(body))
fp = open(att_file)
att_msg = MIMEText(fp.read())
attachment = att_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',
filename=att_file)
msg.attach(attachment)
# set string to be sent as 3rd parameter to smptlib.SMTP.sendmail()
send_string = msg.as_string()
The attachment object msg1 returns 'email.mime.text.MIMEText' object at
', but when the att_msg.add_header(...) line runs the result is
None, hence the program falls-over in msg.as_string() because no part of
the attachment can have a None value. (Traceback shows "'NoneType'
object has no attribute 'get_content_maintype'" in line 118 of _dispatch
in generator.py, many levels down from msg.as_string())
Has anyone any idea what the cause of the problem might be? Any help
would be appreciated.
Alan Harris-Reid
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Email attachment problem
Chris Rebert wrote:
On Thu, Apr 29, 2010 at 1:06 PM, Alan Harris-Reid
wrote:
Hi there,
I want to send an email with an attachment using the following code (running
under Python 3.1, greatly simplified to show example)
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = from_addr
msg['To'] = to_addr
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(body))
fp = open(att_file)
att_msg = MIMEText(fp.read())
attachment = att_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',
filename=att_file)
msg.attach(attachment)
# set string to be sent as 3rd parameter to smptlib.SMTP.sendmail()
send_string = msg.as_string()
The attachment object msg1 returns 'email.mime.text.MIMEText' object at
', but when the att_msg.add_header(...) line runs the result is
None, hence the program falls-over in msg.as_string() because no part of the
attachment can have a None value. (Traceback shows "'NoneType' object has
no attribute 'get_content_maintype'" in line 118 of _dispatch in
generator.py, many levels down from msg.as_string())
Has anyone any idea what the cause of the problem might be? Any help would
be appreciated.
.add_header() modifies the MIMEText object *in-place*; per Python
conventions, mutator methods return None; hence, attachment = None.
Try instead (untested):
att_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=att_file)
msg.attach(att_msg)
Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
Hi Chris,
You are right - that does the trick.
Many thanks,
Alan
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Binary file email attachment problem
Hi there,
Using Python 3.1.2 I am having a problem sending binary attachment files
(jpeg, pdf, etc.) - MIMEText attachments work fine. The code in question
is as follows...
for file in self.attachments:
part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
part.set_payload(open(file,"rb").read())
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' %
file)
msg.attach(part) # msg is an instance of MIMEMultipart()
server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
server.login(username, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, all_recipients, msg.as_string())
However, way down in the calling-stack (see traceback below), it looks
as though msg.as_string() has received an attachment which creates a
payload of 'bytes' type instead of string. I suspect the error lies in
the encoding somewhere, but I've no idea where. I have also tried
MIMEApplication and MIMEImage, but the error still remains. I have seen
many similar code examples on the web, all of which fail for me, so I
wonder if there is something wrong with my environment.
Has anyone any idea what might be causing the problem? Any help would be
appreciated.
Alan
builtins.TypeError: string payload expected:
File "c:\Dev\CommonPY\Scripts\email_send.py", line 147, in send
server.sendmail(self.from_addr, all_recipients, msg.as_string())
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\message.py", line 136, in
as_string
g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 76, in flatten
self._write(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 101, in _write
self._dispatch(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 127, in
_dispatch
meth(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 181, in
_handle_multipart
g.flatten(part, unixfrom=False)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 76, in flatten
self._write(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 101, in _write
self._dispatch(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 127, in
_dispatch
meth(msg)
File "c:\Program Files\Python31\Lib\email\generator.py", line 155, in
_handle_text
raise TypeError('string payload expected: %s' % type(payload))
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Removing anti-Jewish postings from Python list
Any idea how we get rid of this 'noise'? Will it eventually go away if we ignore it, or is there anything the moderators can do to clean-up this (normally) wonderful resource for Python programmers? Regards, Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Compare source code
Hi jf, I use Beyond Compare (by Scooter Software) for comparing text files and find it an indespensible tool. You can configure it so that it ignores tabs/whitespace, or treats spaces and tabs as different characters. Not sure if it will work with compiled .pyc files, though (but then you wouldn't want to edit those, would you?) Regards, Alan On 19:59, jf wrote: Hi, I've a project with tabs and spaces mixed (yes I know it's bad). I edit each file to remove tabs, but it's so easy to make a mistake. Do you know a tools to compare the initial file with the cleaned one to know if the algorithms are the same ? By comparing pyc files for example. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
