Re: About reading Python code
On 18 мар, 03:57, sturlamolden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On 17 Mar, 04:54, WaterWalk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > So I'm curious how to read code effectively. I agree that python code > > is clear, but when it becomes long, reading it can still be a hard > > work. > > First, I recommend that you write readable code! Don't use Python as > if you're entering the obfuscated C contest. > > Two particularly important points: > > * If you find yourself thinking this module is too long, that's > probably what it is. Half a page of code per module is fine. Two pages > of code per module can be too much. > > * Comments are always helpful to the reader. > > Second, I recommend getting a good IDE. E.g. pick one of: > > * Microsoft Visual Studio (commercial) > * Eclipse with PyDev and CDT (free) > * SPE (free) > * ActiveState Komodo IDE (commercial) under Microsoft Visual Studio do you mean IronPython instance? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Multiple Submits in HTML Forms - Cherrypy
Hi, Assuming that I have this code for Cherrypy 3 class Welcome: def index(self): return """ """ index.exposed = True How should I write "btn_handler" so that it will perform different actions when different button is pressed? Thanks in advance Cheers maurice -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ctypes in python failed to honor c_int
On 18 mar, 04:12, Jerry Fleming <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Gabriel Genellina wrote:
> > On 17 mar, 23:57, Jerry Fleming <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> >> I have a binary file written with c structures. Each record contains a
> >> null-terminated string followed by two 4-bytes integers. I wrote a small
> >> segment of python code to parse this file in this way:
> >> [coe]
> >> #!/usr/bin/python
>
> >> from ctypes import *
>
> >> class Entry(Structure):
> >> _fields_ = ('w', c_char_p), ('s', c_uint, 32), ('l', c_uint, 32)
>
> >> idx = open('x.idx', 'rb')
> >> str = idx.read(1000)
> >> obj = Entry(str)
> >> print obj.w
> >> print obj.s
> >> print obj.l
> >> [/code]
> >> where the field w is the string, and s and l are the integers. Problem
> >> is that, I can only get the strings, not the integers. Well, I did got
> >> integers, but they are all zeros. What should I do to get the real numbers?
>
> > So the string has a variable length? For "Hello" you have
> > 'h','e','l','l','o', a zero byte, followed by the two integers? This
> > is somewhat unusual for a C struct (in fact you can't declare it in
> > C). Perhaps the string is actually a char[n] array with a declared
> > maximum size?
>
> Yes, it has a variable length. The C version of the structure is
> something like this:
> [code]
> struct entry {
> char *str,
> int start,
> int length}
>
> [/code]
But this doesn't match the file contents. There are no pointers in the
file.
> And adding repr() would print something like this:
> [code]
> '(as) mad as a
> [EMAIL PROTECTED];\x00\x00\x00`.GIF\x00\x00\x00'
> (as) mad as a hatter
> 0
> 0
> [/code]
> where the first line is the result of repr(). We can find that, after
> the null-terminated string '(as) mad as a hatter', there are two
> integers, 0 and 31 (0x1f). But python treat 31 as zero.
Ah, but it doesn't "treat 31 as zero". Entry(str) is the same as
Entry(w=str), that is, you are initializing the w attribute alone,
leaving the other two integers as 0.
I don't know how to use ctypes to read the structure (nor if it is
possible at all), I would read it normally with Python code and build
the struct afterwards (in case it is used to call any C code).
w, data = data.split('\x00', 1)
s, l = struct.unpack("ll", data[:8])
data= data[8:]
--
Gabriel Genellina
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple Submits in HTML Forms - Cherrypy
On Tue, 2008-03-18 at 07:14 +, Maurice LING wrote: > Hi, > > Assuming that I have this code for Cherrypy 3 > > class Welcome: > def index(self): > return """ > > > > """ > index.exposed = True > > How should I write "btn_handler" so that it will perform different > actions when different button is pressed? Something like this would do it: def btn_handler(self, AddBtn=None, EditBtn=None): if AddBtn: return "You pressed Add!" if EditBtn: return "You pressed Edit!" Alternatively you could use a kwargs dictionary and test it for the presence of the "AddBtn" or "EditBtn" keys. HTH, -- Carsten Haese http://informixdb.sourceforge.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
please click here
please click here http://profile_myprofile.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why doesn't xmlrpclib.dumps just dump an empty value instead of ?
On Mon, 17 Mar 2008 17:41:23 +0100, martin f krafft wrote:
> also sprach martin f krafft <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [2008.03.16.1421 +0100]:
>> Why doesn't it just yield
>>
>> '\n\n\n\n'
>>
>> Or even just
>>
>> '\n\n\n'
>
> There's a difference between those two. The first one has an empty
> string value ('') while the second one pretty clearly says that
> there is a parameter but has no value.
>
> Why ?
Because there is a difference between no value and the NULL value!?
Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Extending C++ with Python scripting: "twin objects" or "proxy objects"?
Hi, I would like to use Python as a scripting language for a C++ framework I am working on. The most common approach for this seems to be a "twin objects": the python and the C++ object have the same lifespan and are always linked to each other. My initial thinking was to use a "proxy approach" instead: the python object is only a temporary proxy object with a pointer to the real C++ object. The C++ object would live much longer than the proxy. Is the proxy approach a valid alternative? I can't imagine it hasn't been done before... I am interested in hearing your experiences with it... Currently I see the following + and -: + Easier for the C++ code (ie less changes, less coupling, no gc- issues) - Extending the framework through subclasses in Python is much harder Anything else? Regards, Johan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: writing to a binary file without intervening spaces
Larry <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > I even went further to opening the file using notepad, and did a > search-and-replace for space characters. The result was what I > desired: data,data,data... In Windows, you also have to make sure to open binary files in binary mode. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 idiom
Hello, I am reading core python python programming and it talks about using the idiom described on http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 . I'm using python 2.5.1 and if I try : class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): self._foo = "foo" self._bar = "bar" @property def foo(): doc = "property foo's doc string" def fget(self): return self._foo def fset(self, value): self._foo = value def fdel(self): del self._foo return locals() # credit: David Niergarth @property def bar(): doc = "bar is readonly" def fget(self): return self._bar return locals() like suggested in the book (the decorator usage) I get this : >>> a=MyClass() >>> a.foo Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: foo() takes no arguments (1 given) but if I write it just like on the web page (without the decorator, using "x = property(**x())" instead) it works : >>> a = MyClass() >>> a.foo 'foo' does anyone have an idea as of why this is happening? Thanks, Gabriel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Multiple Submits in HTML Forms - Cherrypy
Carsten Haese wrote: > On Tue, 2008-03-18 at 07:14 +, Maurice LING wrote: >> Hi, >> >> Assuming that I have this code for Cherrypy 3 >> >> class Welcome: >> def index(self): >> return """ >> >> >> >> """ >> index.exposed = True >> >> How should I write "btn_handler" so that it will perform different >> actions when different button is pressed? > > Something like this would do it: > > def btn_handler(self, AddBtn=None, EditBtn=None): > if AddBtn: > return "You pressed Add!" > if EditBtn: > return "You pressed Edit!" > > Alternatively you could use a kwargs dictionary and test it for the > presence of the "AddBtn" or "EditBtn" keys. > Thank you Carsten maurice -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 idiom
On Tue, 2008-03-18 at 09:06 +0100, Gabriel Rossetti wrote: > Hello, > > I am reading core python python programming and it talks about using the > idiom > described on > http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 . > > I'm using python 2.5.1 and if I try : > > class MyClass(object): > def __init__(self): > self._foo = "foo" > self._bar = "bar" > > @property > def foo(): > doc = "property foo's doc string" > def fget(self): > return self._foo > def fset(self, value): > self._foo = value > def fdel(self): > del self._foo > return locals() # credit: David Niergarth > > @property > def bar(): > doc = "bar is readonly" > def fget(self): > return self._bar > return locals() > > like suggested in the book (the decorator usage) I get this : > >>>> a=MyClass() >>>> a.foo >Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 1, in >TypeError: foo() takes no arguments (1 given) > > but if I write it just like on the web page (without the decorator, using "x > = property(**x())" instead) it works : > >>>> a = MyClass() >>>> a.foo >'foo' > > does anyone have an idea as of why this is happening? You're mixing two completely different approaches of building a property. If that code is actually in the book like that, that's a typo that you should mention to the author. The @property decorator can only be used to turn a single getter function into a read-only attribute, because this: @property def foo(...): ... is the same as this: def foo(...): ... foo = property(foo) and calling property() with one argument builds a property that has just a getter function that is the single argument you're giving it. The recipe you're referring to uses a magical function that returns a dictionary of getter function, setter function, deleter function, and docstring, with suitable key names so that the dictionary can be passed as a keyword argument dictionary into the property() constructor. However, that requires the magical foo=property(**foo()) invocation, not the regular decorator invocation foo=property(foo). HTH, -- Carsten Haese http://informixdb.sourceforge.net -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Regarding coding style
On Mon, 17 Mar 2008 12:51:14 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > On Mar 17, 12:15 pm, rockingred <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> On Mar 10, 11:30 am, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >> >> Unfortunately, no free VC system existed for the language in which I >> was programming > > Explain? VC isn't language-specific. It is. It depends usually on the fact that there are individual files. Preferably text files if you want automagic merging of different changes. Now think of languages that are tightly coupled with their IDE storing only binary "tokenized" files instead of plain text or even one big binary file that contains all sources and resources of the project. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Decode email subjects into unicode
Hi All, 'm in trouble with decoding email subjects. Here are some examples: > =?koi8-r?B?4tnT1NLP19nQz8zOyc3PIMkgzcHMz9rB1NLB1M7P?= > [Fwd: re:Flags Of The World, Us States, And Military] > =?ISO-8859-2?Q?=E9rdekes?= > =?UTF-8?B?aGliw6Fr?= I know that "=?UTF-8?B" means UTF-8 + base64 encoding, but I wonder if there is a standard method in the "email" package to decode these subjects? I do not want to re-invent the weel. Thanks, Laszlo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 idiom
Carsten Haese wrote: > On Tue, 2008-03-18 at 09:06 +0100, Gabriel Rossetti wrote: > >> Hello, >> >> I am reading core python python programming and it talks about using the >> idiom >> described on >> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 . >> >> I'm using python 2.5.1 and if I try : >> >> class MyClass(object): >> def __init__(self): >> self._foo = "foo" >> self._bar = "bar" >> >> @property >> def foo(): >> doc = "property foo's doc string" >> def fget(self): >> return self._foo >> def fset(self, value): >> self._foo = value >> def fdel(self): >> del self._foo >> return locals() # credit: David Niergarth >> >> @property >> def bar(): >> doc = "bar is readonly" >> def fget(self): >> return self._bar >> return locals() >> >> like suggested in the book (the decorator usage) I get this : >> >>>>> a=MyClass() >>>>> a.foo >>Traceback (most recent call last): >> File "", line 1, in >>TypeError: foo() takes no arguments (1 given) >> >> but if I write it just like on the web page (without the decorator, using "x >> = property(**x())" instead) it works : >> >>>>> a = MyClass() >>>>> a.foo >>'foo' >> >> does anyone have an idea as of why this is happening? >> > > You're mixing two completely different approaches of building a > property. If that code is actually in the book like that, that's a typo > that you should mention to the author. > > The @property decorator can only be used to turn a single getter > function into a read-only attribute, because this: > >@property >def foo(...): > ... > > is the same as this: > >def foo(...): > ... >foo = property(foo) > > and calling property() with one argument builds a property that has just > a getter function that is the single argument you're giving it. > > The recipe you're referring to uses a magical function that returns a > dictionary of getter function, setter function, deleter function, and > docstring, with suitable key names so that the dictionary can be passed > as a keyword argument dictionary into the property() constructor. > However, that requires the magical foo=property(**foo()) invocation, not > the regular decorator invocation foo=property(foo). > > HTH, > > Ah, ok, I'll send him an email then, thanks for the explanation! Gabriel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
finding items that occur more than once in a list
Is there a more efficient way to do this? def f(L): '''Return a set of the items that occur more than once in L.''' L = list(L) for item in set(L): L.remove(item) return set(L) |>> f([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]) set([0, 1, 2]) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Immutable and Mutable Types
Stargaming <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Mon, 17 Mar 2008 16:03:19 +, Duncan Booth wrote:
>
>> For the answer I actually want each asterisk substitutes for exactly one
>> character.
>
> Played around a bit and found that one:
>
> Python 3.0a3+ (py3k:61352, Mar 12 2008, 12:58:20)
> [GCC 4.2.3 20080114 (prerelease) (Debian 4.2.2-7)] on linux2
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
a = 1
b = 1//1
if a is b: print('yes!')
> ...
b
> 1
type(b)
>
I've had a look to see why this happens: long division (and in Python 3 all
integers are longs) allocates a new long to hold the result of the division
so it will never use one of the preallocated 'small int' values.
That makes sense so far as it goes, but I'm slightly suprised if it isn't
worth an extra check somewhere for numerator fitting in a machine int and
shortcutting the long division.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Comunicate processes with python
Hi, Does the absence of answers mean that the unique way to let the console invoke daemon functions is trough dbus or sockets? I wonder if python provides any other mechanism to get this. Thanks Adrian 2008/3/17, Adrián Bravo Navarro <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>: > > Hi, > > let me introduce ourselves first. We are a smallish group of students > working on a open source snapshot/backup system (www.hdlorean.com or > http://launchpad.net/hdlorean). We are using python for almost all of the > code and for all of us this is the first python project we develop. At this > point I must say that we are really happy with python, as it is a fast > learning and easy language. > > Now I've just bored most of you, I would like to make a question to the > list. Let me portray the scenario: > > We have a daemon (hdloreand) running. We also have a console so you can > send commands to the daemon and retrieve some info. At this moment, that > console is connecting to the daemon via Dbus. We would like to avoid this, > because it will solve some collateral problemas as well as will guarantee > that the comunication will work when no X server and no dbus session is > running. > > Is there any simple way to achieve this goal? We've been thinking of > sockets but Im not conviced at all with that. > > Thanks > Adrian > > PS: Im sorry for my english. > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Convert binary file
Diez B. Roggisch wrote: > Vamp4L schrieb: >> Hello, >> Specifically, I'm trying to convert the Internet Explorer history >> file (index.dat) into a readable format. Anyone done something >> similar or know of any functions that may help with such a task? I'm >> not sure exactly what kind of file the index.dat is, it is some kind >> of binary file. I have tried some of the binascii functions (http:// >> docs.python.org/lib/module-binascii.html) without any luck. >> Thanks > > You have to have a definition of the format or reverse engineer it. If > you have done that, you can use the module struct. > > But there is no generic way to infer how a binary format is built. Well, there is some info here: http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=115849 on the subject. But, honestly, doing any kind of direct messing with opaque file formats (Microsoft's or anyone else's) is pretty much asking for trouble. Without my ever having tried this, it looks as though a combination of comtypes and IID_IUrlhistoryStg2 [2] might work. If I get the time later I'll try to knock sthg together. (Unless someone else pops in first!) TJG [1] http://pypi.python.org/pypi/comtypes [2] http://support.microsoft.com/kb/897169 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Decode email subjects into unicode
Sorry, meanwhile i found that "email.Headers.decode_header" can be used to convert the subject into unicode: > def decode_header(self,headervalue): > val,encoding = decode_header(headervalue)[0] > if encoding: > return val.decode(encoding) > else: > return val However, there are malformed emails and I have to put them into the database. What should I do with this: Return-Path: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> X-Original-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Delivered-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Received: from 195.228.74.135 (unknown [122.46.173.89]) by shopzeus.com (Postfix) with SMTP id F1C071DD438; Tue, 18 Mar 2008 05:43:27 -0400 (EDT) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2008 12:43:45 +0200 Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> From: "Euro Dice Casino" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: With 2500 Euro of Welcome Bonus you cant miss the chance! MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit There is no encoding given in the subject but it contains 0x92. When I try to insert this into the database, I get: ProgrammingError: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x92 All right, this probably was a spam email and I should simply discard it. Probably the spammer used this special character in order to prevent mail filters detecting "can't" and "2500". But I guess there will be other important (ham) emails with bad encodings. How should I handle this? Thanks, Laszlo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
detect current timezone set by kde
Hello, can someone please tell me how can I programatically detect the timezone information that has been set through kde? basically, I have a small pyqt4 app which shows the current time. however it shows me my system time (dunno where that is stored; basically it shows me time in IST). however, I'm right now in hk and would like the app to show me time in my current timezone (hong kong). Any guidelines how may I go about doing this? thanks a lot in advance :-) -- warm regards, Pradnyesh Sawant -- Believing everybody is dangerous; believing no one is dangerous... --Abraham Lincoln signature.asc Description: Digital signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Program source implemented in non-text storage (was: Regarding coding style)
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > [A general VCS] depends usually on the fact that there are > individual files. Preferably text files if you want automagic > merging of different changes. Yes. > Now think of languages that are tightly coupled with their IDE > storing only binary "tokenized" files instead of plain text or even > one big binary file that contains all sources and resources of the > project. Those issues have nothing to do with the language, and everything to do with the language implementation. Moreover, a brain-dead monstrosity as you describe would result in far greater problems than merely the lack of decent version control support. I think it's safe to leave such implementations to rot, rather than stretching tools to acommodate them. -- \ “That's all very good in practice, but how does it work in | `\ *theory*?” —anonymous | _o__) | Ben Finney -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
On Mar 18, 11:57 am, Simon Forman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Is there a more efficient way to do this? > > def f(L): > '''Return a set of the items that occur more than once in L.''' > L = list(L) > for item in set(L): > L.remove(item) > return set(L) > > |>> f([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]) > set([0, 1, 2]) def f(L): D = dict() for item in L: if item in D: D[item] += 1 else: D[item] = 1 return [i for i,j in D.items() if j > 1] That would be my way to do it, would need to test it via several thousand iterations to see which one is most efficient though. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 idiom
Carsten Haese wrote: > On Tue, 2008-03-18 at 09:06 +0100, Gabriel Rossetti wrote: > >> Hello, >> >> I am reading core python python programming and it talks about using the >> idiom >> described on >> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 . >> >> I'm using python 2.5.1 and if I try : >> >> class MyClass(object): >> def __init__(self): >> self._foo = "foo" >> self._bar = "bar" >> >> @property >> def foo(): >> doc = "property foo's doc string" >> def fget(self): >> return self._foo >> def fset(self, value): >> self._foo = value >> def fdel(self): >> del self._foo >> return locals() # credit: David Niergarth >> >> @property >> def bar(): >> doc = "bar is readonly" >> def fget(self): >> return self._bar >> return locals() >> >> like suggested in the book (the decorator usage) I get this : >> >>>>> a=MyClass() >>>>> a.foo >>Traceback (most recent call last): >> File "", line 1, in >>TypeError: foo() takes no arguments (1 given) >> >> but if I write it just like on the web page (without the decorator, using "x >> = property(**x())" instead) it works : >> >>>>> a = MyClass() >>>>> a.foo >>'foo' >> >> does anyone have an idea as of why this is happening? >> > > You're mixing two completely different approaches of building a > property. If that code is actually in the book like that, that's a typo > that you should mention to the author. > > The @property decorator can only be used to turn a single getter > function into a read-only attribute, because this: > >@property >def foo(...): > ... > > is the same as this: > >def foo(...): > ... >foo = property(foo) > > and calling property() with one argument builds a property that has just > a getter function that is the single argument you're giving it. > > The recipe you're referring to uses a magical function that returns a > dictionary of getter function, setter function, deleter function, and > docstring, with suitable key names so that the dictionary can be passed > as a keyword argument dictionary into the property() constructor. > However, that requires the magical foo=property(**foo()) invocation, not > the regular decorator invocation foo=property(foo). > > HTH, > > I was able to get it t work with the decorator by doing this : def MyProperty(fcn): return property(**fcn()) and using it like this : class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): self._foo = "foo" self._bar = "bar" @MyProperty def foo(): doc = "property foo's doc string" def fget(self): return self._foo def fset(self, value): self._foo = value def fdel(self): del self._foo return locals() # credit: David Niergarth @MyProperty def bar(): doc = "bar is readonly" def fget(self): return self._bar return locals() Cheers, Gabriel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: stdout custom
On Mar 17, 8:16 pm, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 17 mar, 19:43, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > Can I allocate a second console window, so I can place certain output
> > to that directly, and leave the original streams alone? I tried some
> > things in subprocess (Py 3a3 /WinXP) but they failed. I don't know if
> > it's supposed to be possible though, so I didn't press very hard or
> > keep the code. If it is, I can go repro where it went south. Is it?
>
> Have you tried using the creationflags argument to subprocess.Popen?
> Specially the CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE flag. See the Microsoft documentation
> for CreateProcess
> athttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425(VS.85).aspx
> (Note that a process can be attached at most to one console)
>
> If your goal is to output some debug information, try using
> OutputDebugString + the DebugView utility fromwww.sysinternals.com
One console per process is fine, but I tried using 'cmd.exe',
'cmd.exe /K', and 'more.com' (fully specified in c/windows/system32)
as separate processes. The sign is the console window splashes up and
vanishes right away.
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdout= subprocess.P
IPE, creationflags= subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE )
>>> p.poll()
0
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe', stdout= subprocess.PI
PE, creationflags= subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE )
>>> p.poll()
0
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe /K', stdout= subprocess
.PIPE, creationflags= subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE )
>>> p.poll()
0
>>> f= open( 'temp.txt', 'a' )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe /K', stdout= f, creatio
nflags= subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE )
>>> p.poll()
0
Couple other symptoms.
>>> f.write( b'abc' )
'f.write' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
>>>
f.write( b'abc' )
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "C:\Programs\Python\lib\io.py", line 1240, in write
s.__class__.__name__)
TypeError: can't write bytes to text stream
>>>
f.write( 'abc' )
3
>>>
>>> ^Z
>>>
>>> ^Z
^Z
5000
09871234
>>> f.write('2'*2000)
2000
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> f= os.fdopen( q[0], 'a' )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> f.read()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "C:\Programs\Python\lib\io.py", line 1378, in read
res += decoder.decode(self.buffer.read(), True)
File "C:\Programs\Python\lib\io.py", line 564, in read
self._unsupported("read")
File "C:\Programs\Python\lib\io.py", line 240, in _unsupported
(self.__class__.__name__, name))
io.UnsupportedOperation: BufferedWriter.read() not supported
>>> f.read(1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "C:\Programs\Python\lib\io.py", line 1384, in read
readahead, pending = self._read_chunk()
File "C:\Programs\Python\lib\io.py", line 1277, in _read_chunk
readahead = self.buffer.read1(self._CHUNK_SIZE)
AttributeError: 'BufferedWriter' object has no attribute 'read1'
>>> f.write()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
TypeError: write() takes exactly 2 positional arguments (1 given)
>>> f.write('2')
1
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags= 16 )
>>> p= subprocess.Popen( 'c:\\windows\\system32\\more.com', stdin= f, creationfl
ags=0 )
-
Writing my own process is an option. I did not try sysinternals yet.
--
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[no subject]
"Duncan Booth" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > I've also just spent a while getting simplejson 1.7.4 to install on a > (non- > windows) system without a C compiler. > > The trick is to unzip the tar file and then before you try to install it > delete everything in simplejson.egg-info. Then 'setup.py install' will run > to completion and while it warns about 'speedups are not enabled.' it > doesn't take it as fatal error. > > Without this step it preserves the reference to native_libs.txt in > SOURCES.txt even though the native_libs.txt file itself gets deleted. I had no trouble getting it to install without the speedups -- but the primary reason I upgraded was to take advantage of the speedups! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Decode email subjects into unicode
> On Behalf Of Laszlo Nagy > > =?koi8-r?B?4tnT1NLP19nQz8zOyc3PIMkgzcHMz9rB1NLB1M7P?= > > [Fwd: re:Flags Of The World, Us States, And Military] > > =?ISO-8859-2?Q?=E9rdekes?= =?UTF-8?B?aGliw6Fr?= Try this code: from email.header import decode_header def getheader(header_text, default="ascii"): """Decode the specified header""" headers = decode_header(header_text) header_sections = [unicode(text, charset or default) for text, charset in headers] return u"".join(header_sections) I get the following output for your strings: Быстровыполнимо и малозатратно érdekeshibák Regards, Ryan Ginstrom -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Get actual call signature?
Say, I have a function defined as: def fun(arg_one, arg_two='x', arg_three=None): pass Is there any way to get actual arguments that will be effectively used when I call this function in various ways, like: fun(5) => [5, 'x', None] fun(5, arg_three=['a', 'b']) => [5, 'x', ['a', 'b']] fun(5, 'something') => [5, 'something', None] (et caetera, using all possible mixes of positional, keyword and default arguments) I'd like to wrap function definition with a decorator that intercepts not only passed arguments, but also defaults that will be actually used in execution. If this sounds not feasible (or is simply impossible), I'll happily throw this idea and look for another one. ;) -- Jarek Zgoda Skype: jzgoda | GTalk: [EMAIL PROTECTED] | voice: +48228430101 "We read Knuth so you don't have to." (Tim Peters) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anomaly in time.clock()
Thanks Roel. If there is a way to pass in the PRESERVE_PRECISION constant in the python time.clock library, that would be great. But I'm afraid it's not possible. I think I will change away from using time.clock() from now on... seems too edgy to me. Thank you for sharing your experience with me nonetheless. Cheers mate. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: detect current timezone set by kde
I suggest to change /etc/timezone by invoking sudo tzselect. HTH, Gerald Pradnyesh Sawant schrieb: > Hello, > can someone please tell me how can I programatically detect the timezone > information that has been set through kde? > > basically, I have a small pyqt4 app which shows the current time. however > it shows me my system time (dunno where that is stored; basically it shows > me time in IST). however, I'm right now in hk and would like the app to > show me time in my current timezone (hong kong). Any guidelines how may I > go about doing this? > > thanks a lot in advance :-) > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: win32: emulating select() on pipes
gangesmaster wrote: > i'm trying to figure out if a pipe on win32 has data for me to read. [...] > does anyone know of a better way to tell if data is available on a > pipe? > something that blocks until data is available or the timeout is > elapsed, In Win32 WaitForMultipleObjects and WaitForMultipleObjectsEx do that, for up to 64 objects. In the Hammond Win32 extension package, they're exported by win32event. If 64 pipes in one call isn't enough, there are completion ports. CreateIoCompletionPort is in win32file. A third way in Win32 is WriteFileEx and a completion routine, but it looks like the extension module doesn't support it. I have not used the functions from the Hammond package, and I notice the doc strings are None. You can probably figure the wrappers out by reading the Microsoft documentation and trying stuff. And of then there's the source. If you put together a simple working example, I hope you'll post it. -- --Bryan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
Simon Forman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > Is there a more efficient way to do this? http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/502263 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
Simon Forman wrote:
> Is there a more efficient way to do this?
>
> def f(L):
> '''Return a set of the items that occur more than once in L.'''
> L = list(L)
> for item in set(L):
> L.remove(item)
> return set(L)
That's neat, but quadratic time because list.remove() requires
a linear search. We can make an efficient variant by using
remove on a set rather than a list:
def multiples(lst):
singles = set(lst)
mults = set()
for x in lst:
if x in singles:
singles.remove(x)
else:
mults.add(x)
return mults
Though probably better is:
def multiples(lst):
seen = set()
mults = set()
for x in lst:
if x in seen:
mults.add(x)
else:
seen.add(x)
return mults
I've typically used dicts for such things, as in:
def multiples(lst):
h = {}
for x in lst:
h[x] = h.get(x, 0) + 1
return set([x for x in h if h[x] > 1])
--
--Bryan
--
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Re: Python 3 and PEP238 division
On Mar 17, 7:26 pm, "Terry Reedy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > "Ninereeds" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message > > news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > | Is the PEP238 change to division going into Python 3 as planned? > > IDLE 3.0a3>>> 1/2 > > 0.5 > > | I realise that the new integer division semantics have been available > | in "from __future__" for quite a few years now, but a warning might be > | appropriate now that Python 3 is in alpha. > > 2.6, I have read, have optional 'Py3' warnings, and a 2to3 conversion > program The tools can work out the *intent* of any particular division operator? Can work out whether the result should be integer or float, independent of any particular set of arguments? Seems unlikely. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
Just to throw in one more alternative, if you sort your list, you only need to test adjacent items for equality rather than needing a search for each unique item found. You should get O(n log n) rather than O(n^2), since the performance bottleneck is now the sorting rather than the searching for duplicates. Also, since the sort method is built into the list, sorting performance should be very good. The dictionary version Chris suggests (and the essentially equivalent set-based approach) is doing essentially the same thing in a way, but using hashing rather than ordering to organise the list and spot duplicates. This is *not* O(n) due to the rate of collisions increasing as the hash table fills. If collisions are handled by building a linked list for each hash table entry, the performance overall is still O(n^2) since (for large amounts of data) there is still a linear search on each collision. If collisions are handled by building binary trees, the performance is back to O(n log n). That is, for large enough datasets, the performance of hash tables is basically the performance of the collision handling data structure (ignoring scaling constants). I suspect Python handles collisions using linked lists, since using trees would require that all dictionary keys support ordered comparisons. Using a dictionary or set to eliminate duplicates therefore gives O(n^2) performance. That said, hash tables have very good scaling constants to their performance, so the dictionary technique will be a very good performer in general. And if the lists are reasonably small the performance will often seem like O(n) in practice. The sort-then-filter approach should still be competitive, but of course it requires that the contents of the list can be ordered consistently. An inappropriate hash function can similarly cause problems for the dictionary approach, causing that theoretical O(n^2) performance to become apparent very quickly. This is probably one reason why the cookbook recipe recommends an O(n^2) searching-based approach. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 3 and PEP238 division
On Tue, 18 Mar 2008 04:47:49 -0700, Ninereeds wrote: > On Mar 17, 7:26 pm, "Terry Reedy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> 2.6, I have read, have optional 'Py3' warnings, and a 2to3 conversion >> program > > The tools can work out the *intent* of any particular division > operator? Can work out whether the result should be integer or float, > independent of any particular set of arguments? Seems unlikely. The interpreter can at least print out warnings when a "normal" division operator is called with two `int`\s at runtime. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
automatically doing some cleaning-up by the process when the systems shuts down
hi .. my programs runs as daemon and it does some logging .. when system shuts down .. which may be done manually . i want my process do some cleaning up automatically such as writing in to the log file when the process terminats before the system shuts down thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Merging a patch/diff generated by difflib?
Hi, I'm trying to create an undo/redo feature for a webapp I'm working on (django based). I'd like to have an undo/redo function. My first thought was to use the difflib to generate a diff to serve as the "backup", and then if someone wants to undo their operation, the diff could just be merged/patched with the current text. However, I've not be able to find a patch library. Are there any libraries that will handle merging the diff back into the text? Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to create instances of classes without calling the constructor?
On Tue, 18 Mar 2008 01:08:45 +0100, Dominik Jain wrote:
> Hi!
>
> Does anyone know how an instance of a (new-style) class can be created
> without having to call the constructor (and providing the arguments it
> requires)? With old-style classes, this was possible using new.instance.
> Surely there must be a simple way to do this with new-style classes, too
> -- or else how does pickle manage?
I don't think you can create an instance without calling __new__. (At
least not without all sorts of metaclass tricks.) Creating the instance
is what __new__ does.
But you can create a new instance without calling the initialiser
__init__. Here's a variation on a recipe from Alex Martelli:
class Spam(object):
def __init__(self, *args):
print "spam spam spam spam"
self.args = args
def empty_instance(cls):
class Empty(cls):
def __init__(self): pass
x = Empty()
x.__class__ = cls
return x
>>> # Create a Spam instance the regular way
... a = Spam("args")
spam spam spam spam
>>> # And a Spam instance the unusual way
... b = empty_instance(Spam)
>>> a.args
('args',)
>>> b.args
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
AttributeError: 'Spam' object has no attribute 'args'
--
Steven
--
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Re: Can't get bsddb working on Solaris 8
I fixed it! I had omitted the cascade of exceptions, but the previous one to the one shown is: File "/usr/local/lib/python2.5/dbhash.py", line 5, in import bsddb So I just went into dbhash.py and changed line 5 to import bsddb3 as bsddb. Then everything started working as planned. Excellent! But definitely a hack. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: stdout custom
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: >>> Can I allocate a second console window, so I can place certain output >>> to that directly, and leave the original streams alone? I've rather lost track of what you're trying to do, but I would second Gabriel's suggestion of the standard Windows method of debug output: using OutputDebugString. There's an example here: http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/capture-OutputDebugString.html and it shouldn't be too hard to wrap it in a file-like object for stderr-substitution use, say. Obviously there are 1,001 other ways of doing IPC but since this one's ready-made you might as well use it. You can distinguish between different processes' outputs by virtue of the PID which is the first item on the mmap. TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pycon disappointment
On Mon, 17 Mar 2008 14:36:29 -0500, "J. Clifford Dyer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >Note to speakers: do not say > > x, y = tee(foo) > >say > > from itertools import tee > x, y = tee(foo) > >or better (for pedagogical purposes) > > import itertools > x, y = itertools.tee(foo) > I was scratching my head over tee() also, in the session where I heard it. Were you in the "iterators II" session also? I've used itertools a bit, but never tee(), and so when I thumbed through my copy of PER I thought, ahh, I've skimmed over but never registered the importance of that little bugger before... That was one of the more interesting sessions to me. John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: About reading Python code
On 18 Mar, 08:00, hellt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > under Microsoft Visual Studio do you mean IronPython instance? AFAIK, with the latest VS 2008 you can develop for CPython and IronPython. http://blogs.msdn.com/haibo_luo/archive/2007/10/16/5482940.aspx -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Interesting math problem
On 18 Mar, 00:58, Jeff Schwab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > def make_slope(distance, parts): > if parts == 0: > return [] > > q, r = divmod(distance, parts) > > if r and parts % r: > q += 1 > > return [q] + make_slope(distance - q, parts - 1) Beautiful. If Python could optimize tail recursion, it would even run fast. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Problems building zlib module on RHEL
I can't seem to get the zlib module to build on an RHEL box. I did the following: 1) Download zlib 1.2.3 2) configure;make;make install 3) Download python 2.5.2 4) configure;make;make install 5) >>> import zlib => "ImportError: No module named zlib" In the make install step for python, I notice there are the following errors: building 'zlib' extension gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.5/home/shake/python/ Python-2.5.2/Modules/zlibmodule.o -L/usr/local/lib -lz -o build/ lib.linux-x86_64-2.5/zlib.so /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libz.a(crc32.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC /usr/local/lib/libz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Does anyone have any hints on how to get around this? system info: kernel : 2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp gcc : 3.4.6 Thanks, Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyCon video editing
On Mar 17, 10:00 pm, dundeemt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Anyone know who is in charge of this? I'd like to help out if I > could. I am, but haven't set anything up yet, such as a mailing list or a host for the video. I'll update the wiki page http://wiki.python.org/moin/PyConRecordingBof with news/further developments (you can create a wiki account and follow the envelope icon at the upper right to be notified of changes via e-mail). --amk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
Ninereeds <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > The dictionary version Chris suggests (and the essentially > equivalent set-based approach) is doing essentially the same thing > in a way, but using hashing rather than ordering to organise the > list and spot duplicates. This is *not* O(n) due to the rate of > collisions increasing as the hash table fills. If collisions are > handled by building a linked list for each hash table entry, the > performance overall is still O(n^2) This doesn't apply to Python, which implements dict storage as an open-addressed table and automatically (and exponentially) grows the table when the number of entries approaches 2/3 of the table size. Assuming a good hash function, filling the dict should yield amortized constant time for individual additions. > I suspect Python handles collisions using linked lists, Why suspect, it's trivial to check. dictobject.c says: The basic lookup function used by all operations. This is based on Algorithm D from Knuth Vol. 3, Sec. 6.4. Open addressing is preferred over chaining since the link overhead for chaining would be substantial (100% with typical malloc overhead). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Need to force SpamBayes to run.
Hi all, I realise this is not the SpamBayes list but you could grow old waiting for that so trying here. We are using SpamBayes to filter messages coming in to a mailbox. It misses some messages with errors like what's below. When this happens we can go in and click "Filter Messages" and it runs no problem. What I would like to be able to do is to have an hourly batch-job that runs that same process for me. I don't see anything in the file system that would allow me to run a command-line call that executes "Filter Messages". Can anybody help? Thanks in advance, Andoni OConchubhair. pythoncom error: Python error invoking COM method. Traceback (most recent call last): File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 283, in _Invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 288, in _invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 647, in _invokeex_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 581, in _invokeex_ File "addin.pyc", line 390, in OnItemAdd File "msgstore.pyc", line 365, in GetMessage msgstore.NotFoundException: NotFoundException: Exception 0x8004010f (MAPI_E_NOT_FOUND): OLE error 0x8004010f pythoncom error: Python error invoking COM method. Traceback (most recent call last): File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 283, in _Invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 288, in _invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 647, in _invokeex_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 581, in _invokeex_ File "addin.pyc", line 390, in OnItemAdd File "msgstore.pyc", line 365, in GetMessage msgstore.NotFoundException: NotFoundException: Exception 0x8004010f (MAPI_E_NOT_FOUND): OLE error 0x8004010f pythoncom error: Python error invoking COM method. Traceback (most recent call last): File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 283, in _Invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 288, in _invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 647, in _invokeex_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 581, in _invokeex_ File "addin.pyc", line 390, in OnItemAdd File "msgstore.pyc", line 365, in GetMessage msgstore.NotFoundException: NotFoundException: Exception 0x8004010f (MAPI_E_NOT_FOUND): OLE error 0x8004010f pythoncom error: Python error invoking COM method. Traceback (most recent call last): File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 283, in _Invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 288, in _invoke_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 647, in _invokeex_ File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 581, in _invokeex_ File "addin.pyc", line 390, in OnItemAdd File "msgstore.pyc", line 365, in GetMessage msgstore.NotFoundException: NotFoundException: Exception 0x8004010f (MAPI_E_NOT_FOUND): OLE error 0x8004010f -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
Hrvoje Niksic wrote: > This doesn't apply to Python, which implements dict storage as an > open-addressed table and automatically (and exponentially) grows the > table when the number of entries approaches 2/3 of the table size. > Assuming a good hash function, filling the dict should yield amortized > constant time for individual additions. OK. I obviously need to look up open-addressed tables. I thought this was just, in effect, implicit linked listing - ie it still needs a linear search to handle collisions, it just avoids the need for explicitly stored link fields. Perhaps I'm mistaken. As for the growth pattern, each time you grow the table you have to redistribute all the items previously inserted to new locations. Resizes would get rarer as more items are added due to the exponential growth, but every table resize would take longer too since there are more items to move. Inserting n items still intuitively looks like O(n^2) to me. That said, it does remind me of that old exponential realloc trick for array resizing. Same thing, I suppose, since a hash table is basically an array. Maybe my math "intuition" is just wrong. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Interesting math problem
sturlamolden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On 18 Mar, 00:58, Jeff Schwab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >> def make_slope(distance, parts): >> if parts == 0: >> return [] >> >> q, r = divmod(distance, parts) >> >> if r and parts % r: >> q += 1 >> >> return [q] + make_slope(distance - q, parts - 1) > > Beautiful. If Python could optimize tail recursion, it would even run > fast. This was my first thought, too. But tailcall optimisation wouldn't help here. `make_slope` is not tail recursive, the `+` (aka list.extend) gets executed after the recursion. Marc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Need Help Starting Out
Hi, I would like to start using Python, but am unsure where to begin. I know how to look up a tutorial and learn the language, but not what all technologies to use. I saw references to plain Python, Django, and other things. I want to use it for web building with database access. What do I use for that? Does it matter what I use on the client side (mootools, or whatever)? My rational for using Python is because I am hoping it will allow me to better understand other python programs in other areas, not just web. I have used other languages for web apps for several years. Truth is that I always wanted to learn Python and have heard it was a good thing to know. Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
lock access to serial port
hello group, how to get ttyS0 serial port for exclusive access? I have a python script that uses this device with AT commands. I need that two instances can call simultaneosuly this python script but only one of them gets the device. I tried fcntl.flock, it was just ignored, put writtable file LCK..ttyS0 in /var/lock, tried ioctl (but I may not know what are appropriate arguments), googled half a day for various phrases, error messages etcwithout success. please help, Andra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Problems building zlib module on RHEL
On Mar 18, 8:42 am, "mhearne808[insert-at-sign-here]gmail[insert-dot- here]com" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I can't seem to get the zlib module to build on an RHEL box. > > I did the following: > 1) Download zlib 1.2.3 > 2) configure;make;make install > 3) Download python 2.5.2 > 4) configure;make;make install > 5) >>> import zlib => "ImportError: No module named zlib" > > In the make install step for python, I notice there are the following > errors: > > building 'zlib' extension > gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.5/home/shake/python/ > Python-2.5.2/Modules/zlibmodule.o -L/usr/local/lib -lz -o build/ > lib.linux-x86_64-2.5/zlib.so > /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libz.a(crc32.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 > against `a local symbol' can not be used when making a shared object; > recompile with -fPIC > /usr/local/lib/libz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value > collect2: ld returned 1 exit status > > Does anyone have any hints on how to get around this? > > system info: > kernel : 2.6.9-67.0.1.ELsmp > gcc : 3.4.6 > > Thanks, > > Mike I figured it out, although it wasn't obvious... You have to compile zlib as a shared library by running "configure -s". -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
globals() using For Loop against Generator
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "Globals (For Loop):"
try:
for i in globals():
print "\t%s" % i
except RuntimeError:
print "Only some globals() printed\n"
else:
print "All globals() printed\n"
print "Globals (Generator):"
try:
print "\n".join("\t%s" % i for i in globals())
except RuntimeError:
print "Only some globals() printed\n"
else:
print "All globals() printed\n"
>>>
>>> Globals (For Loop):
>>> __builtins__
>>> Only some globals() printed
>>>
>>> Globals (Generator):
>>> __builtins__
>>> __name__
>>> __file__
>>> i
>>> __doc__
>>> All globals() printed
>>>
Why is it with a generator I get everything out but with a for loop I
don't? I know that globals is not read-only but I would of expected
the same behaviour from both...
Any thoughts?
--
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Re: Decode email subjects into unicode
Laszlo Nagy wrote: > I know that "=?UTF-8?B" means UTF-8 + base64 encoding, but I wonder if > there is a standard method in the "email" package to decode these > subjects? The standard library function email.Header.decode_header will parse these headers into an encoded bytestring paired with the appropriate encoding specification, if any. For example: >>> raw_headers = [ ... '=?koi8-r?B?4tnT1NLP19nQz8zOyc3PIMkgzcHMz9rB1NLB1M7P?=', ... '[Fwd: re:Flags Of The World, Us States, And Military]', ... '=?ISO-8859-2?Q?=E9rdekes?=', ... '=?UTF-8?B?aGliw6Fr?=', ... ] >>> from email.Header import decode_header >>> for raw_header in raw_headers: ... for header, encoding in decode_header(raw_header): ... if encoding is None: ... print header.decode() ... else: ... print header.decode(encoding) ... Быстровыполнимо и малозатратно [Fwd: re:Flags Of The World, Us States, And Military] érdekes hibák Jeffrey -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need Help Starting Out
> Hi, I would like to start using Python, but am unsure where to begin. > I know how to look up a tutorial and learn the language, but not what > all technologies to use. I saw references to plain Python, Django, > and other things. Hi, For database stuff you can plug directly into either MySQL or SQLite. For MySQL you need to install a third party library which you can get from: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python I think SQLite support is now included in Python 2.5, all you need to do is type "import sqlite3", and away it goes. You will of course need to install SQLite, just search for it online. I found SQlite more than sufficient for any single user non-web based apps. On the client side you can use these library and if you like build a free standing app to run everything. For GUI toolkits you can do worse than download and install wxPython, which again is free (www.wxpython.org). If you want to dabble in games programming there is also PyGame. If you want to build free standing applications you can use Py2Exe (Windows) and Py2App (Mac), just Google them and they will appear. You may at times find Python a little slow, and you can even get round that problem in Windows and Intel based Macs by using Psyco (again just Google). It can speed up your code by quite a large margin. Hope these help you get started... Rod -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Interesting math problem
Marc Christiansen wrote: > sturlamolden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> On 18 Mar, 00:58, Jeff Schwab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >>> def make_slope(distance, parts): >>> if parts == 0: >>> return [] >>> >>> q, r = divmod(distance, parts) >>> >>> if r and parts % r: >>> q += 1 >>> >>> return [q] + make_slope(distance - q, parts - 1) >> Beautiful. If Python could optimize tail recursion, it would even run >> fast. > > This was my first thought, too. But tailcall optimisation wouldn't help > here. `make_slope` is not tail recursive, the `+` (aka list.extend) gets > executed after the recursion. def make_slope(distance, parts, L=()): if parts == 0: return L q, r = divmod(distance, parts) if r and parts % r: q += 1 return make_slope(distance - q, parts - 1, (q,) + L) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need Help Starting Out
On Tue, 18 Mar 2008 09:27:46 -0700 (PDT) rodmc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > Hi, I would like to start using Python, but am unsure where to begin. > > I know how to look up a tutorial and learn the language, but not what > > all technologies to use. I saw references to plain Python, Django, > > and other things. > > Hi, > > For database stuff you can plug directly into either MySQL or SQLite. Or PostgreSQL. > For MySQL you need to install a third party library which you can get > from: > > http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python And there are many interfaces for PostgreSQL including PyGreSQL which I maintain at http://PyGreSQL.org/ > Hope these help you get started... And don't forget the tutorial on the Python web site. -- D'Arcy J.M. Cain <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> | Democracy is three wolves http://www.druid.net/darcy/| and a sheep voting on +1 416 425 1212 (DoD#0082)(eNTP) | what's for dinner. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fast 2D Raster Rendering with GUI
Hello Dave, > Hi All. I've been formulating in my head a simple image editor. I > actually started prototyping is some time ago in Java, but am liking > Python more and more. My editor will be nowhere near the level of Gimp/ > Photoshop, but I do need fast pixel level control and display. For > instance, that means no automatic anti-aliasing and that I will be > implementing my own line drawing algorithms. > > I've got the high level architectual aspects of my program down, but > am stuck on what graphics API to use. I want a canvas area of > adjustable size which users can draw on with as little lag as > possible. The canvas area will be composed of layers (i.e. I require > an alpha channel) and I need to be able to zoom in and out of it (zoom > levels will be at fixed intervals, so this can be simulated if need > be.) > > I started looking at PyGame but realize that I need to integrate a GUI > into the whole thing (or integrate the image into the GUI rather) and > I didn't see a straightforward way to do that. Of course, I don't even > know if PyGame is the right API for the job anyways :P > > Any thoughts or ideas that could help me get started? Thanks! Apart from PIL, some other options are: 1. Most GUI frameworks (wxPython, PyQT, ...) give you a canvas object you can draw on 2. A bit of an overkill, but you can use PyOpenGL 3. ImageMagick bindings? (http://www.imagemagick.org/script/api.php) HTH, -- Miki <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> http://pythonwise.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need Help Starting Out
Pylons is a Ruby on Rails-like web framework that allows you build dynamic web applications with a database backend. Here is a link to the Pylons web site: http://pylonshq.com/ On Tue, Mar 18, 2008 at 11:10 AM, jmDesktop <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, I would like to start using Python, but am unsure where to begin. > I know how to look up a tutorial and learn the language, but not what > all technologies to use. I saw references to plain Python, Django, > and other things. > > I want to use it for web building with database access. What do I use > for that? Does it matter what I use on the client side (mootools, or > whatever)? > > My rational for using Python is because I am hoping it will allow me > to better understand other python programs in other areas, not just > web. I have used other languages for web apps for several years. > Truth is that I always wanted to learn Python and have heard it was a > good thing to know. > > Thank you. > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- | _ | * | _ | | _ | _ | * | | * | * | * | -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strange problem with structs Linux vs. Mac
"Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch" schrieb
>
> > I don't think this qualifies as a bug, but I am astonished
> > that the struct module does not tell you whether you are
> > big endian, you have to find out yourself with
> >struct.unpack('@I', s)[0]==struct.unpack(">I", s)[0]
>
> Maybe a little more compact and readable:
>
> In [92]: sys.byteorder
> Out[92]: 'little'
>
Yes, indeed it is more compact and readable.
Thanks.
Martin
--
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Re: Comunicate processes with python
Adrián Bravo Navarro wrote: >> Is there any simple way to achieve this goal? We've been thinking of >> sockets but Im not conviced at all with that. If you want to communicate between processes on the same host, yes, you can use DBus or a couple of the options here: http://docs.python.org/lib/ipc.html If you want to communicate between hosts, then sockets is probably going to be your only options, although there are libraries that abstract some of that for you to make it easier to manage. You might want to take a look at Pyro. http://pyro.sourceforge.net/ j -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
On Mar 18, 2:57 am, Simon Forman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Is there a more efficient way to do this? > > def f(L): > '''Return a set of the items that occur more than once in L.''' > L = list(L) > for item in set(L): > L.remove(item) > return set(L) > > |>> f([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]) > set([0, 1, 2]) def f(L): seen = set() dups = set() for e in L: if e in seen: dups.add(e) else: seen.add(e) return dups Raymond -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: globals() using For Loop against Generator
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> if __name__ == '__main__':
>
> print "Globals (For Loop):"
> try:
> for i in globals():
> print "\t%s" % i
> except RuntimeError:
> print "Only some globals() printed\n"
> else:
> print "All globals() printed\n"
>
> print "Globals (Generator):"
> try:
> print "\n".join("\t%s" % i for i in globals())
> except RuntimeError:
> print "Only some globals() printed\n"
> else:
> print "All globals() printed\n"
>
Globals (For Loop):
__builtins__
Only some globals() printed
Globals (Generator):
__builtins__
__name__
__file__
i
__doc__
All globals() printed
>
> Why is it with a generator I get everything out but with a for loop I
> don't? I know that globals is not read-only but I would of expected
> the same behaviour from both...
Run the for loop in the interpreter, without catching exceptions. You get
__builtins__
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
Then `print globals()` shows that i has been added to the global
namespace. If you run the for loop a second time, after i exists, the
loop runs fine.
Apparently, generator comprehensions have been optimized so that they
don't expose their working variables. The generator comprehension
won't add i to the global namespace, so all is well.
Mel.
--
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Re: Pycon disappointment
Amen on the diamond keynotes and lightning talks. The lightning talks were a great disappointment. Sponsor talks (or any such talks pitched at selling or recruiting) should go in their own, clearly labeled group so those of us who don't care about them can avoid them. If there must diamond 'keynotes' put them at the end of a session or in a separate track so we can easily avoid them if we wish. But personally, I don't think keynotes should be for sale at all in any form. One problem I faced was that there were sessions that had few talks I was interested in and other that had several at the same time where I couldn't attend all that I was interested. It's likely that there is no good solution to this, but perhaps one could try a new scheme for scheduling talks by posting the talk list early and letting registrants select the top n talks they want to see and running some sort of scheduling optimizer that tries to satisfy most of these desires (I have no idea if anything like this exists anywhere). And if you do decide to change how you handle sponsorship don't be afraid to say publicly how things are going to be different next time. There could well be many who won't go next time (like me) unless they have some reasons to believe that things will be different. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fast 2D Raster Rendering with GUI
On 18 Mar, 17:48, Miki <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Apart from PIL, some other options are:
> 1. Most GUI frameworks (wxPython, PyQT, ...) give you a canvas object
> you can draw on
Yes, but at least on Windows you will get a GDI canvas. GDI is slow.
> 2. A bit of an overkill, but you can use PyOpenGL
OpenGL gives you a fast 'bitblit' for drawing bitmaps to the fram
buffer (much faster than GDI). Here is some C code that does that (8-
bit color depth). Translating to Python is trivial. I prefer not to
use PyOpenGL as it has some unwanted overhead. It is better to use
ctypes.
void bitblt(void *frame, int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0,0,w,h);
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLfloat)w, 0.0, (GLfloat)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glRasterPos2i(0,0);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glDrawPixels(w, h, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2, (GLvoid *)frame);
glFlush();
}
--
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Re: Comunicate processes with python
That was what we were thinking of, so if there is not some kind of easy python magic we will probably use some sockets. Thanks!! 2008/3/18, Joshua Kugler <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>: > > Adrián Bravo Navarro wrote: > >> Is there any simple way to achieve this goal? We've been thinking of > >> sockets but Im not conviced at all with that. > > > If you want to communicate between processes on the same host, yes, you > can > use DBus or a couple of the options here: > http://docs.python.org/lib/ipc.html > > If you want to communicate between hosts, then sockets is probably going > to > be your only options, although there are libraries that abstract some of > that for you to make it easier to manage. You might want to take a look > at > Pyro. http://pyro.sourceforge.net/ > > j > > > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fast 2D Raster Rendering with GUI
On Tue, Mar 18, 2008 at 12:30 PM, sturlamolden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 18 Mar, 17:48, Miki <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > Apart from PIL, some other options are:
> > 1. Most GUI frameworks (wxPython, PyQT, ...) give you a canvas object
> > you can draw on
>
> Yes, but at least on Windows you will get a GDI canvas. GDI is slow.
Of all the major platforms, GDI is probably the fastest for basic
pixel-level interaction with the screen. I have no idea why you think
it's slow.
>
>
>
> > 2. A bit of an overkill, but you can use PyOpenGL
>
> OpenGL gives you a fast 'bitblit' for drawing bitmaps to the fram
> buffer (much faster than GDI). Here is some C code that does that (8-
> bit color depth). Translating to Python is trivial. I prefer not to
> use PyOpenGL as it has some unwanted overhead. It is better to use
> ctypes.
>
>
> void bitblt(void *frame, int w, int h)
> {
> glViewport(0,0,w,h);
> glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
> glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
> glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
> glLoadIdentity();
> gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLfloat)w, 0.0, (GLfloat)h);
> glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
> glLoadIdentity();
> glRasterPos2i(0,0);
> glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
> glDrawPixels(w, h, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2, (GLvoid *)frame);
> glFlush();
>
>
> }
>
OpenGL is totally unsuitable if the goal is to implement your own
pixel-level raster drawing.
--
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Re: Merging a patch/diff generated by difflib?
On Mar 18, 6:08 am, erikcw <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > > I'm trying to create an undo/redo feature for a webapp I'm working on > (django based). I'd like to have an undo/redo function. > > My first thought was to use the difflib to generate a diff to serve as > the "backup", and then if someone wants to undo their operation, the > diff could just be merged/patched with the current text. > > However, I've not be able to find a patch library. Are there any > libraries that will handle merging the diff back into the text? The difflib module has a restore() function. Raymond -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pycon disappointment
On Mar 16, 6:10 am, Bruce Eckel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: vendors: > But it gets worse. The lightning talks, traditionally the best, newest > and edgiest part of the conference, were also sold like commercial air > time. We introduced sponsor lighting talks last year. This year it got out of hand because there were twice as many sponsors. By the time the Lightning Talk coordinators realized this, the sponsors had already been promised a priority talk so we couldn't back out of it. So it was a lack of foresight, not some commercial plot. Next year we (the Lightning Talk coordinators) have recommended either not having sponsor lighting talks, or moving them to a separate (non- plenary) session. The vendor exhibition was much bigger this year, and I think that's an adequate replacement for sponsor lighting talks. If there are sufficient Open Space rooms, they can also create their own session. > At first the morning plenary sessions -- where the entire conference > audience was in a single room -- just seemed a bit commercial. But > then I slowly figured out that the so-called "diamond keynotes" were > actually sold to vendors. It must have sounded great to some I liked the mini-keynotes and I don't think they detracted from the main keynotes. I did know what "diamond" meant so I knew they were sponsor talks. I guess that should be clearer on the schedule. > What was supremely frustrating was discovering that the people wanting > to give REAL lightning talks had been pushed off the end of the list The worst part of scheduling Lighting Talks is there's always more interesting speakers than time. This seems to be an insolvable problem. The main problem I had at PyCon this year was the number of talk I wanted to see that were scheduled at the same time as other talks I wanted to see. The highlight was the number of Open Space rooms and events. I didn't attend any of these, but they seemed unusually lively this year. > On top of that, the quality of the presentations was unusually low. I did feel that. An advanced track would be a good idea. Because you do need to repeat stuff for the newbies. At least 30% of the attendees were at PyCon for the first time. --Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Huge problem gettng MySQLdb to work on my mac mini running Macosx 10.5 Leopard
On Mar 14, 1:15 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > look > athttp://groups.google.be/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/d... > > There is a macpython list that you can consult > athttp://www.nabble.com/Python---pythonmac-sig-f2970.html Just wanted to let you know that I've solved my problem. The solution is to compile mysql using MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.5 \ CFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc7400 -arch ppc64' \ LDFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc7400 -arch ppc64' \ CXXFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc7400 -arch ppc64' \ ./configure --disable-dependency-tracking --enable-thread-safe-client --prefix=/usr/local/mysql You then go this way to get it running on your machine: http://hivelogic.com/articles/installing-mysql-on-mac-os-x/ Then reinstall MySQLdb. Magic! Geert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Regarding coding style
On Mar 9, 2:04 am, "Ryan Ginstrom" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > On Behalf Of Grant Edwards > > I think docstrings are a great idea. What's needed is a way > > to document the signature that can't get out-of-sync with > > what the fucntion really expects. > > Like doctests? (I know, smart-ass response) > > Regards, > Ryan Ginstrom Not a smart-ass response at all--a _smart_ response. Doctests are one of the few mechanisms I've ever seen that even attempt to make this happen. -- Tim Lesher [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Generators
On Mar 16, 9:24 am, Matt Nordhoff <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > mpc wrote: > > def concatenate(sequences): > > for seq in sequences: > > for item in seq: > > yield item > > You should check out itertools.chain(). It does this. You call it like > "chain(seq1, seq2, ...)" instead of "chain(sequences)" though, which may > be a problem for you. Solved rather easily by chain(*sequences): >>> from itertools import chain >>> def concat(sequences): ... return chain(*sequences) ... >>> concat([[1,2], [3, 4], [5], [6, 7, 8]]) >>> list(concat([[1,2], [3, 4], [5], [6, 7, 8]])) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] wondering if google groups will add a .sig or not-ly, Marius Gedminas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Get actual call signature?
On Mar 18, 5:40 am, Jarek Zgoda <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Say, I have a function defined as: > > def fun(arg_one, arg_two='x', arg_three=None): > pass > > Is there any way to get actual arguments that will be effectively used > when I call this function in various ways, like: > > fun(5) => [5, 'x', None] > fun(5, arg_three=['a', 'b']) => [5, 'x', ['a', 'b']] > fun(5, 'something') => [5, 'something', None] > > (et caetera, using all possible mixes of positional, keyword and default > arguments) > > I'd like to wrap function definition with a decorator that intercepts > not only passed arguments, but also defaults that will be actually used > in execution. > > If this sounds not feasible (or is simply impossible), I'll happily > throw this idea and look for another one. ;) It evaluates to a substantial problem. The combinations include things that Python disallows, such as double-spec. of keywords and spec'n of keys w/out a dictionary arg; as well as double-spec'ing of inspection. How do you want to access the parameters? What is the least redundant way? P.S. Does there exist a possible authority who doesn't want me to post this? How about an index of value and list/tuple of name? > def fun(arg_one, arg_two='x', arg_three=None): > fun(5) => [5, 'x', None] get_args( fun, 5 )-> names= [ 'arg_one', 'arg_two', 'arg_three' ] vals= [ 5, 'x', None ] > fun(5, arg_three=['a', 'b']) => [5, 'x', ['a', 'b']] get_args( fun, 5, arg_three=['a', 'b'] ) names= [ 'arg_one', 'arg_two', 'arg_three' ] vals= [ 5, 'x', ['a', 'b'] ] > fun(5, 'something') => [5, 'something', None] get_args( fun, 5, 'something' )-> names= [ 'arg_one', 'arg_two', 'arg_three' ] vals= [ 5, 'something', None ] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183 idiom
On Mar 18, 6:03 am, Gabriel Rossetti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Carsten Haese wrote: > > On Tue, 2008-03-18 at 09:06 +0100, Gabriel Rossetti wrote: > > >> Hello, > > >> I am reading core python python programming and it talks about using the > >> idiom > >> described on > >>http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/205183. > > >> I'm using python 2.5.1 and if I try : > > >> class MyClass(object): > >> def __init__(self): > >> self._foo = "foo" > >> self._bar = "bar" > > >> @property > >> def foo(): > >> doc = "property foo's doc string" > >> def fget(self): > >> return self._foo > >> def fset(self, value): > >> self._foo = value > >> def fdel(self): > >> del self._foo > >> return locals() # credit: David Niergarth > > >> @property > >> def bar(): > >> doc = "bar is readonly" > >> def fget(self): > >> return self._bar > >> return locals() > > >> like suggested in the book (the decorator usage) I get this : > > >>>>> a=MyClass() > >>>>> a.foo > >>Traceback (most recent call last): > >> File "", line 1, in > >>TypeError: foo() takes no arguments (1 given) > > >> but if I write it just like on the web page (without the decorator, using > >> "x = property(**x())" instead) it works : > > >>>>> a = MyClass() > >>>>> a.foo > >>'foo' > > >> does anyone have an idea as of why this is happening? > > > You're mixing two completely different approaches of building a > > property. If that code is actually in the book like that, that's a typo > > that you should mention to the author. > > > The @property decorator can only be used to turn a single getter > > function into a read-only attribute, because this: > > >@property > >def foo(...): > > ... > > > is the same as this: > > >def foo(...): > > ... > >foo = property(foo) > > > and calling property() with one argument builds a property that has just > > a getter function that is the single argument you're giving it. > > > The recipe you're referring to uses a magical function that returns a > > dictionary of getter function, setter function, deleter function, and > > docstring, with suitable key names so that the dictionary can be passed > > as a keyword argument dictionary into the property() constructor. > > However, that requires the magical foo=property(**foo()) invocation, not > > the regular decorator invocation foo=property(foo). > > > HTH, > > I was able to get it t work with the decorator by doing this : > > def MyProperty(fcn): > return property(**fcn()) > > and using it like this : > > class MyClass(object): >def __init__(self): >self._foo = "foo" >self._bar = "bar" > >@MyProperty >def foo(): >doc = "property foo's doc string" >def fget(self): >return self._foo >def fset(self, value): >self._foo = value >def fdel(self): >del self._foo >return locals() # credit: David Niergarth > >@MyProperty >def bar(): >doc = "bar is readonly" >def fget(self): >return self._bar >return locals() > > Cheers, > Gabriel Also check out a related recipe that doesn't require returning locals() explicitly: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/410698 George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyCon Feedback and Volunteers (Re: Pycon disappointment)
On Mar 17, 6:25 pm, dundeemt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I agree - the balance wasn't as good. We can all agree that HowTos > and Intros are a necessary part of the conference talks track, but as > Robert pointed out some talks should be of a more advanced nature. I > enjoy those that stretch my brain. Alex M, Pyke and NetworkIO and > Mark Hammond's keynote were among my favorite talks. Raymond Hettinger's talk on collections was not only one of my favorites, it was apparently lots of other people's too--the room was PACKED. I can't recall seeing any other talk that was even close to seating capacity. Robert Brewer [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pycon disappointment
On Mar 18, 1:49 pm, Mike Orr <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Mar 16, 6:10 am, Bruce Eckel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > vendors: > > On top of that, the quality of the presentations was unusually low. > > I did feel that. An advanced track would be a good idea. Because > you do need to repeat stuff for the newbies. At least 30% of the > attendees were at PyCon for the first time. Not all first-comers are newbies; I attended for the first time too but I've been using Python for the last four years or so. My overall (totally unscientific) impression was that most attendants had at least a decent grasp of the language. George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyCon Feedback and Volunteers (Re: Pycon disappointment)
On Mar 18, 1:41 pm, fumanchu <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Mar 17, 6:25 pm, dundeemt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > I agree - the balance wasn't as good. We can all agree that HowTos > > and Intros are a necessary part of the conference talks track, but as > > Robert pointed out some talks should be of a more advanced nature. I > > enjoy those that stretch my brain. Alex M, Pyke and NetworkIO and > > Mark Hammond's keynote were among my favorite talks. > > Raymond Hettinger's talk on collections was not only one of my > favorites, it was apparently lots of other people's too--the room was > PACKED. I can't recall seeing any other talk that was even close to > seating capacity. > > Robert Brewer > [EMAIL PROTECTED] The "Using PyGame and PySight to Create an Interactive Halloween Activity (#9)" session with Mr. John Harrison was also quite full as was the one for Pyglet. I think the nose presentation had people sitting on the floor. Geeks like games! I know I do! Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Decode email subjects into unicode
On Mar 18, 9:09 pm, Laszlo Nagy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Sorry, meanwhile i found that "email.Headers.decode_header" can be used
> to convert the subject into unicode:
>
> > def decode_header(self,headervalue):
> > val,encoding = decode_header(headervalue)[0]
> > if encoding:
> > return val.decode(encoding)
> > else:
> > return val
>
> However, there are malformed emails and I have to put them into the
> database. What should I do with this:
>
> Return-Path: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> X-Original-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Delivered-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Received: from 195.228.74.135 (unknown [122.46.173.89])
> by shopzeus.com (Postfix) with SMTP id F1C071DD438;
> Tue, 18 Mar 2008 05:43:27 -0400 (EDT)
> Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2008 12:43:45 +0200
> Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> From: "Euro Dice Casino" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: With 2'500 Euro of Welcome Bonus you can't miss the chance!
> MIME-Version: 1.0
> Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>
> There is no encoding given in the subject but it contains 0x92. When I
> try to insert this into the database, I get:
>
> ProgrammingError: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x92
>
> All right, this probably was a spam email and I should simply discard
> it. Probably the spammer used this special character in order to prevent
> mail filters detecting "can't" and "2500". But I guess there will be
> other important (ham) emails with bad encodings. How should I handle this?
Maybe with some heuristics about the types of mistakes made by do-it-
yourself e-mail header constructors. For example, 'iso-8859-1' often
should be construed as 'cp1252':
>>> import unicodedata as ucd
>>> ucd.name('\x92'.decode('iso-8859-1'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
ValueError: no such name
>>> ucd.name('\x92'.decode('cp1252'))
'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK'
>>>
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: stdout custom
On Mar 18, 8:51 am, Tim Golden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > >>> Can I allocate a second console window, so I can place certain output > >>> to that directly, and leave the original streams alone? > > I've rather lost track of what you're trying to do, but I would > second Gabriel's suggestion of the standard Windows method of > debug output: using OutputDebugString. There's an example here: > > http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/capture-OutputDebugStrin... > > and it shouldn't be too hard to wrap it in a file-like > object for stderr-substitution use, say. > > Obviously there are 1,001 other ways of doing IPC but since this > one's ready-made you might as well use it. You can distinguish > between different processes' outputs by virtue of the PID which > is the first item on the mmap. > > TJG I want a handle to another window. Create B with a command. ___ ___ |A | |B | |___| |___| B.stdin (the stdin to B).write( '?' ) ___ ___ |A | |B? | |___| |___| A.stdout.write( '*' ) ___ ___ |A* | |B? | |___| |___| A big tease is good too. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Fast 2D Raster Rendering with GUI
Chris Mellon <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >OpenGL is totally unsuitable if the goal is to implement your own >pixel-level raster drawing. Unfornately, any solution involving Python is likely to be unsuitable if your goal is to set individual pixels one-by-one, and GDI would be no better than OpenGL here. The overhead of calling some sort of putpixel() function over and over will domininate everything else. Ross Ridge -- l/ // Ross Ridge -- The Great HTMU [oo][oo] [EMAIL PROTECTED] -()-/()/ http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~rridge/ db // -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Anomaly in time.clock()
On Mar 18, 9:43 pm, Godzilla <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Thanks Roel. If there is a way to pass in the PRESERVE_PRECISION > constant in the python time.clock library, that would be great Re-read Roel's message. Something like PRESERVE_PRECISION is to be passed to whatever is setting up DirectX. > But > I'm afraid it's not possible. I think I will change away from using > time.clock() from now on... seems too edgy to me. Are you using DirectX? If so, read the docs for more clues -- a quick google for "PRESERVE_PRECISION" will tell you that "something like" means what it says. If not, try posting some more info on what you are actually doing. Consider providing a short piece of code that demonstrates the actual problem. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyCon Feedback and Volunteers (Re: Pycon disappointment)
Mike Driscoll wrote: > On Mar 18, 1:41 pm, fumanchu <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> On Mar 17, 6:25 pm, dundeemt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >>> I agree - the balance wasn't as good. We can all agree that HowTos >>> and Intros are a necessary part of the conference talks track, but as >>> Robert pointed out some talks should be of a more advanced nature. I >>> enjoy those that stretch my brain. Alex M, Pyke and NetworkIO and >>> Mark Hammond's keynote were among my favorite talks. >> Raymond Hettinger's talk on collections was not only one of my >> favorites, it was apparently lots of other people's too--the room was >> PACKED. I can't recall seeing any other talk that was even close to >> seating capacity. >> >> Robert Brewer >> [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > The "Using PyGame and PySight to Create an Interactive Halloween > Activity (#9)" session with Mr. John Harrison was also quite full as > was the one for Pyglet. I think the nose presentation had people > sitting on the floor. > > Geeks like games! I know I do! Me too. As I have never attended PyCon, the amount of entertainment already gleaned from this thread has wildly exceeded my expectations. :) Are slides or notes from any of the presentations available online? What was the topic of the well-received presentation from Google? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
method to create class property
Hi, I like C#'s style of defining a property in one place. Can the following way to create a property be considered reasonable Python style (without the print statements, of course)? class sample(object): def __init__(self): sample.y = self._property_y() def _property_y(self): def _get(self): print 'getting y.' return self._y def _set(self, value): print 'setting y.' self._y = value def _del(self): print 'bye, y!' del self._y return property(_get, _set, _del) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Get actual call signature?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] pisze: > On Mar 18, 5:40 am, Jarek Zgoda <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Say, I have a function defined as: >> >> def fun(arg_one, arg_two='x', arg_three=None): >> pass >> >> Is there any way to get actual arguments that will be effectively used >> when I call this function in various ways, like: >> >> fun(5) => [5, 'x', None] >> fun(5, arg_three=['a', 'b']) => [5, 'x', ['a', 'b']] >> fun(5, 'something') => [5, 'something', None] >> >> (et caetera, using all possible mixes of positional, keyword and default >> arguments) >> >> I'd like to wrap function definition with a decorator that intercepts >> not only passed arguments, but also defaults that will be actually used >> in execution. >> >> If this sounds not feasible (or is simply impossible), I'll happily >> throw this idea and look for another one. ;) > > It evaluates to a substantial problem. The combinations include > things that Python disallows, such as double-spec. of keywords and > spec'n of keys w/out a dictionary arg; as well as double-spec'ing of > inspection. How do you want to access the parameters? What is the > least redundant way? P.S. Does there exist a possible authority who > doesn't want me to post this? Well, after some thinking and research I found this much more complicated than my first thoughts. However, I found that somebody already wrote some code to solve similar problem and even described what has to be done: http://wordaligned.org/articles/echo. Too bad for me, the most interesting part relies on features introduced with Python 2.5, while I am still on 2.4. Anyway, basics still works and fortunately I am in control in both function definitions and calls. -- Jarek Zgoda http://zgodowie.org/ "We read Knuth so you don't have to" - Tim Peters -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Get actual call signature?
On Mar 18, 6:40 am, Jarek Zgoda <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Say, I have a function defined as: > > def fun(arg_one, arg_two='x', arg_three=None): > pass > > Is there any way to get actual arguments that will be effectively used > when I call this function in various ways, like: > > fun(5) => [5, 'x', None] > fun(5, arg_three=['a', 'b']) => [5, 'x', ['a', 'b']] > fun(5, 'something') => [5, 'something', None] > > (et caetera, using all possible mixes of positional, keyword and default > arguments) > > I'd like to wrap function definition with a decorator that intercepts > not only passed arguments, but also defaults that will be actually used > in execution. > > If this sounds not feasible (or is simply impossible), I'll happily > throw this idea and look for another one. ;) I also needed this for a typecheck module I had written some time ago. It is feasible, but it's rather hairy. I can dig up the code, polish it and post it as a recipe (or maybe as a patch to the inspect stdlib module where it belongs). George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
Ninereeds <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > As for the growth pattern, each time you grow the table you have to > redistribute all the items previously inserted to new locations. > Resizes would get rarer as more items are added due to the > exponential growth, but every table resize would take longer too > since there are more items to move. Inserting n items still > intuitively looks like O(n^2) to me. > > That said, it does remind me of that old exponential realloc trick > for array resizing. Same thing, I suppose, since a hash table is > basically an array. Maybe my math "intuition" is just wrong. That's it. While table resizes grow linearly in complexity, they become geometrically rarer. This is exactly what happens when resizing dynamic arrays such as Python lists. Applying your intuition, appending n elements to a Python list would also have O(n^2) complexity, which it doesn't. See, for example, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_array#Geometric_expansion_and_amortized_cost -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: stdout custom
> > >>> Can I allocate a second console window, so I can place certain output
> > >>> to that directly, and leave the original streams alone?
>
> > I've rather lost track of what you're trying to do, but I would
> > second Gabriel's suggestion of the standard Windows method of
> > debug output: using OutputDebugString. There's an example here:
>
> >http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/capture-OutputDebugStrin...
>
> > and it shouldn't be too hard to wrap it in a file-like
> > object for stderr-substitution use, say.
>
> > Obviously there are 1,001 other ways of doing IPC but since this
> > one's ready-made you might as well use it. You can distinguish
> > between different processes' outputs by virtue of the PID which
> > is the first item on the mmap.
>
> > TJG
>
> I want a handle to another window.
>
> Create B with a command.
> ___ ___
> |A | |B |
> |___| |___|
>
> B.stdin (the stdin to B).write( '?' )
> ___ ___
> |A | |B? |
> |___| |___|
>
> A.stdout.write( '*' )
> ___ ___
> |A* | |B? |
> |___| |___|
This is a little weird. I visited your link, but couldn't make any
sense of it, so I tried something else myself. I'm not even sure what
it accomplishes, but if you're on a different tack or way ahead of me,
that can happen. However, it might be closer than I think to what I
want-- my next step is to CreateProcess in the separate executable...
then try to merge in back into python and subprocess.
Now I've tried:
>>> p= Popen( '\\astdin.exe', creationflags= 16, stdin= PIPE )
>>> p.stdin.write( b'123\r\n' )
5
and I get the message box (lower), but no ':' sentinel nor the
output. However the p.stdin.write call still returns if I close the
new console window and call it after.
astdin.cpp:
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc( LPVOID ) {
while (1)
{
Sleep( 1000 );
cout<< ':';
}
}
int main() {
MessageBox( NULL, "none", NULL, 0 );
cout<< "Ok"<< endl;
CreateThread( NULL, 0, ThreadProc, NULL, 0, NULL );
while (1)
{
string s;
cin>> s;
cout<< '>';
cout<< s;
}
return 0;
}
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
os.path.getsize() on Windows
Hi all, I'm seeing some behavior that is confusing me. I often use a simple function to tell if a file is growing...ie being copied into a certain location. (Can't process it until it's complete) My function is not working on windows, and I'm wondering if I am missing something simple, or if I have just never tried this before. Here's what I'm trying to do: def isGrowing(f, timeout): ssize = os.path.getsize(f) time.sleep(timeout) esize =os.path.getsize(f) return esize != ssize On windows, this returns the size of the file as it _will be_, not the size that it currently is. Is this a feature? What is the proper way to get the current size of the file? I noticed win32File.GetFileSize() Does that behave the way I expect? PS. I also tried os.stat()[6] ~Sean -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: method to create class property
Joe P. Cool schrieb: > Hi, > > I like C#'s style of defining a property in one place. Can the > following way > to create a property be considered reasonable Python style (without > the > print statements, of course)? > > class sample(object): > def __init__(self): > sample.y = self._property_y() > > def _property_y(self): > def _get(self): > print 'getting y.' > return self._y > def _set(self, value): > print 'setting y.' > self._y = value > def _del(self): > print 'bye, y!' > del self._y > return property(_get, _set, _del) There are a few recipies, like this: class Foo(object): @apply def foo(): def fget(self): return self._foo def fset(self, value): self._foo = value return property(**locals()) Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Colorado Python training in May
Python author and trainer Mark Lutz will be teaching another 3-day Python class at a conference center in Longmont, Colorado, on May 14-16, 2008. This is a public training session open to individual enrollments, and covers the same topics as the 3-day onsite sessions that Mark teaches, with hands-on lab work. For more information on this session, please visit its web page: http://home.earthlink.net/~python-training/longmont-public-classes.htm For additional background on the class itself, see our home page: http://home.earthlink.net/~python-training Thanks for your interest. --Mark Lutz at Python Training Services -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
keyboard "interrupt"
Hi Group, I have been absent a while, mainly because I have been getting better at figuring out my own Python problems. But not this one... I have a timed loop performing certain tasks until a total period of time has elapsed. I would like to be able to interrupt the loop or set various flags during execution via keyboard input. raw_input seems to just stop everything cold. I want the ability to just sacn the keyboard buffer and see if something is there, then proceed normally in the loop if there is no input in the buffer. Make sense? Totally easy? Let me know... wave_man -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
On 18 Mar, 10:57, Simon Forman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > def f(L): > '''Return a set of the items that occur more than once in L.''' > L = list(L) > for item in set(L): > L.remove(item) > return set(L) def nonunique(lst): slst = sorted(lst) return list(set([s[0] for s in filter(lambda t : not(t[0]-t[1]), zip(slst[:-1],slst[1:]))])) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ftp recursively
I need to move a directory tree (~9GB) from one machine to another on the same LAN. What's the best (briefest and most portable) way to do this in Python? I see that urllib has some support for getting files by FTP, but that it has some trouble distinguishing files from directories. http://docs.python.org/lib/module-urllib.html "The code handling the FTP protocol cannot differentiate between a file and a directory." I tried it anyway, but got an authentication problem. I don't see a "how to log into the FTP server" section on docs.python.org. Is there a tutorial I should read? I am particularly looking for a quick, "good enough" solution that I can use this afternoon. Thanks in advance to any kind-hearted soul who chooses to help me out. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
On 18 Mar, 22:22, sturlamolden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > def nonunique(lst): >slst = sorted(lst) >return list(set([s[0] for s in > filter(lambda t : not(t[0]-t[1]), zip(slst[:-1],slst[1:]))])) Or perhaps better: def nonunique(lst): slst = sorted(lst) return list(set([s[0] for s in filter(lambda t : t[0] != t[1], zip(slst[:-1],slst[1:]))])) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lists v. tuples
> > > On Mar 17, 1:31 pm, Duncan Booth <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > >> A common explanation for this is that lists are for homogenous > > >> collections, tuples are for when you have heterogenous collections i.e. > > >> related but different things. > > > > I interpret this as meaning that in a data table, I should have a list > > > of records but each record should be a tuple of fields, since the > > > fields for a table usually have different forms whereas the records > > > usually all have the same record layout. > > >>> b in b > False That's actually interesting. >>> a= [] >>> a.append( a ) >>> a [[...]] >>> a in a Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in cmp -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.path.getsize() on Windows
Sean DiZazzo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On windows, this returns the size of the file as it _will be_, not the > size that it currently is. Is this a feature? What is the proper way > to get the current size of the file? I noticed > win32File.GetFileSize() Does that behave the way I expect? > > PS. I also tried os.stat()[6] > I think all of those will return the current size of the file, but that may be the same as the final size: just because the data hasn't been copied doesn't mean the file space hasn't been allocated. You don't say how you are copying the file, but I seem to remember that Windows copy command pre- allocates the file at its final size (so as to reduce fragmentation) and then just copies the data after that. If you need to make sure you don't access a file until the copy has finished then get hwatever is doing the copy to copy it to a temporary filename in the same folder and rename it when complete. Then you just have to check for existence of the target file. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lists v. tuples
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: >> > > On Mar 17, 1:31 pm, Duncan Booth <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >> > > wrote: >> >> > >> A common explanation for this is that lists are for homogenous >> > >> collections, tuples are for when you have heterogenous >> > >> collections i.e. related but different things. >> >> > > I interpret this as meaning that in a data table, I should have a >> > > list of records but each record should be a tuple of fields, >> > > since the fields for a table usually have different forms whereas >> > > the records usually all have the same record layout. >> >> >>> b in b >> False > > That's actually interesting. Just for the avoidance of doubt, I didn't write the 'b in b' line: castironpi is replying to himself without attribution. P.S. I still don't see the relevance of any of castironpi's followup to my post, but since none it made any sense to me I guess it doesn't matter. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: method to create class property
On 18 Mrz., 21:59, "Diez B. Roggisch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Joe P. Cool schrieb: > > def _property_y(self): > > def _get(self): > > [...] > > There are a few recipies, like this: > > class Foo(object): > > [EMAIL PROTECTED] > def foo(): > def fget(self): > return self._foo > def fset(self, value): > self._foo = value > return property(**locals()) This is really cool! Thanks, Diez! I should definitely learn to handle decorators :) But isnt't apply bound to be dropped in Python 3.0? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: keyboard "interrupt"
John Fisher wrote: > Hi Group, Hi John > I have been absent a while, mainly because I have been getting better at > figuring out my own Python problems. But not this one... > > I have a timed loop performing certain tasks until a total period of > time has elapsed. I would like to be able to interrupt the loop or set > various flags during execution via keyboard input. raw_input seems to > just stop everything cold. I want the ability to just sacn the keyboard > buffer and see if something is there, then proceed normally in the loop > if there is no input in the buffer. Make sense? Totally easy? Let me > know... If you are on a UNIX platform, you can use the curses module. http://docs.python.org/lib/module-curses.html There is a link there to a tutorial, but it seems to be broken. A quick search finds it there: http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/curses/ HTH -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: finding items that occur more than once in a list
sturlamolden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > def nonunique(lst): >slst = sorted(lst) >return list(set([s[0] for s in >filter(lambda t : t[0] != t[1], zip(slst[:-1],slst[1:]))])) The items are all comparable and you're willing to take them out of order? from collections import defaultdict def nonunique(lst): d = defaultdict(int) for x in lst: d[x] += 1 return [x for x,n in d.iterkeys() if n > 1] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
