Re: [computer-go] Fast Board implementation

2007-01-16 Thread Łukasz Lew

You just can try few, and look whether the percentage of playout wins
doesn't change too much. You probably need more that one starting
position to test the rule.

Lukasz

On 1/15/07, George Dahl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

What should the mercy threshold be for other board sizes than 9 by 9,
particularly 19 by 19?
- George Dahl

> >
> > Here are a few speedup tricks that have helped me.
> >
> > 1. The mercy rule. Since I'm incrementally keeping track of a list of empty
> > points, it's no real extra pain to keep track of the number of black and
> > white stones on the board. If the difference between them exceeds a
> > threshold, the game is over. Ending early has an added bonus that I know the
> > outcome without needing to score the board. (You can shoot yourself in the
> > foot here. Best to pick a more conservative threshold the closer you are to
> > interior nodes of the tree.) For exterior nodes far from any interior nodes,
> > I use a threshold of 25 stones.
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Re: [computer-go] Re: MC thought

2007-01-16 Thread Eduardo Sabbatella
I tried to finish simulation as soon as dead stone
difference was greather than a thresold but I got
worst result.

Its a totally preliminary. I tried that only one day.

I suppose because at the end of the day, the MC
simulation will try to fill all the board positions
with stones so almost every simulation ends with a
quite big quantity of dead stones in order to totally
fill the board. Finishing the simulation earlier seems
to add strong biases to it. I suppose, nothing is for
sure.

Eduardo

--- Dave Dyer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió:

> I wonder if MC programs shouldn't prune game
> branches when
> sufficiently large captures occur.  The loss/win
> might not
> be strictly allocated to the right player, but it
> certainly
> means that the current game has entered sillyspace.
> 
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Re: [computer-go] Go and IQ training

2007-01-16 Thread Eduardo Sabbatella
I have the same IQ than Kasparov, He is millionarie
and famous and I'm a moron that have to spend almost
all his day coding for food.

This is a good proof that IQ tests do not work 

:-P

--- Aidan Karley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió:

> In article
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Mike
> Olsson 
> wrote:
> > This is a bit off topic, but I am wondering if a
> person can play Go
> > to increase their IQ or improve their
> intelligence. 
>If one is going to discuss the extremely
> slippy concept of 
> "intelligence" (or it's far, far slippier distant
> relative 
> "Intelligence Quotient"), then it's practically
> required to have read 
> Stephen Jay Gould's "Mismeasure of Man" (various
> editions from about 
> 1980 to at least 1996, including ISBN-10: 0393314251
> / ISBN-13: 
> 978-0393314250). While it may not "blow out of the
> water" the whole 
> subject of "intelligence testing", it does make one
> very well aware 
> that the whole subject is a minefield of assumptions
> and prejudices 
> (both conscious and unconscious.
>I read what was probably the original edition
> back in the 
> mid-80s, and loaned my copy to a university friend
> who was studying 
> psychology ; 15 year later she declined to return it
> because she was 
> still regularly using it to deflate novice
> opinionated staff working 
> under her with the "learning impaired". That would
> have been about the 
> time of the infamously neo-racist tract "The Bell
> Curve".
> 
> > From what I have read Kasparov's IQ is around 135
> so playing Chess
> > doesn't really increase a person's IQ.
> >
>About 2.3 standard deviations above the norm.
> That would imply 
> he's in the top 1½% or thereabouts of the population
> in performance on 
> IQ tests. Sounds like there's be 3
> Kasparov-equivalents per couple of 
> full "Clapham Omnibuses". [Note 1] Or several per
> average chess club. 
> Or maybe IQ test results are not a terribly good
> predictor of chess 
> strength. I wouldn't really expect it to be much
> better a predictor of 
> Go strength either.
> 
> 
>For what it's worth, the Aberdeen University
> Go Club was set up 
> in the early 1980s by ... a carpenter. Always a good
> memory for 
> deflating one's potential to self-aggrandisment.
> 
>
> [Note 1] Standard British English idiom refers many
> questions to the 
> opinion of the "man on the Clapham Omnibus", which
> seats about 75 
> people and stands another couple of dozen.
> 
> -- 
>  Aidan Karley,
>  Aberdeen,  Scotland
>  Written at Mon, 15 Jan 2007 09:40 GMT, but posted
> later.
> 
> 
> 
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[computer-go] UCT memory issues and scalability

2007-01-16 Thread Don Dailey
I have been doing a lot of experiments with the scalability and
memory usage of UCT.I'm using the exact scheme that was
described like this in a previous posting by someone:

 Here is a summary of how it works:
  - Use probability of winning as score, not territory
  - Use the average outcome as position value
  - Select the move that maximizes v + sqrt((2*log(t))/(10*n))

  v is the value of the move (average outcome, between 0 and 1), n the
  number of simulations of this move, and t the total number of
  simulations at the current position. In case a move has n = 0, it is
  selected first.


For these experiments, I use random play-outs.   This version should
be a relatively generic implementation of what many of us are doing,
without the frills and a relatively stable bug-free implementation.

Each version does 2x the number of play-outs as previous version
and the level of the program is defined as the number of play-outs
* 1024 - so level 2 does 2048 playouts, etc.   I am going to test
as far as I can stand it like this:

   level 1
   level 2
   level 4
   level 8
   level 16
   

Additionally,  I am testing 2 variants, because I am interesting in
saving memory.   The base version does the basic thing - always
expanding a node in the tree once it has been visited one time,
or in other words each probe is guaranteed to add 1 new node to
the tree.  

The second variant will not expand a node until it has been 
visited 5 times - expanding on the 6th visit.   This version is
significantly more stingy about memory use.

So far, after running well over 1000 games I cannot detect an
advantage over using the less memory hungry version.   There
seems to be no point in wasting the memory.

In a separate less systematic test I did last week,  I also
tested values as high as 100 visits before expansion at levels
comparable or higher to CGOS time controls.   In that test,
I tested 1 visit, 5 visits, 10 visits and 100 visits before
expansion.  
 
After playing a massive round robin (where each player played
a total of over 200 games)  I could not prove empirically that 
even 100 visits is too much.  The ELO rating difference varied
only 40 ELO points from high to low but the 1 visit version,
which is supposed to be the best,  was the second lowest rated
version and the 100 visit version score 10 ELO points higher.
This is all statistical noise.
In this implementation the 100 visit version was substantially
faster which makes it a no-brainer - however I replaced my
node management routines with a fixed pool of nodes so there
is no malloc or free operations.   Now the slowdown is very
minor due to excessive node expansions.

Does anyone have any reason to believe we should be expanding
so aggressively as after only 1 visit?   My tests indicate
that you can easily get away with anything less than 100.

Here are the results of the current more systematic test.  I
will continue to expand this by introducing higher levels
to the autotester and dropping the lower ones in order to
perform a scalability study.We are seeing about 200 ELO
per doubling at these levels.  

s05_032 means:  5 visits before expand - level 32 which
is 32K play-outs per move.

 Perf
 Rating  Win perc  Tot Gms  Ave Time  Player
---    ---    ---
 2107.190.749  227  50.3  s05_032
 2102.790.323  217  52.2  s01_032
 1942.179.452  219  32.1  s05_016
 1916.378.027  223  32.6  s01_016
 1764.365.447  246  16.1  s01_008
 1753.161.200  250  15.3  s05_008
 1542.140.000  245   6.8  s01_004
 1526.539.914  233   6.3  s05_004
 1284.322.273  220   1.8  s05_002
 1274.822.594  239   1.8  s01_002
 1000.0 7.623  223   0.2  s05_001
  972.4 5.932  236   0.3  s01_001

Black wins:  652  46.9 %
White wins:  737  53.1 %



- Don



 



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Re: [computer-go] UCT memory issues and scalability

2007-01-16 Thread Łukasz Lew

There is a good argument why 100 is ok.
When You have about 50 children, then waiting 100 playouts before
start of attaching them results only in 2 playouts per child loss, so
I guess even higher threshold should be OK.

Lukasz

On 1/16/07, Don Dailey <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

I have been doing a lot of experiments with the scalability and
memory usage of UCT.I'm using the exact scheme that was
described like this in a previous posting by someone:

 Here is a summary of how it works:
  - Use probability of winning as score, not territory
  - Use the average outcome as position value
  - Select the move that maximizes v + sqrt((2*log(t))/(10*n))

  v is the value of the move (average outcome, between 0 and 1), n the
  number of simulations of this move, and t the total number of
  simulations at the current position. In case a move has n = 0, it is
  selected first.


For these experiments, I use random play-outs.   This version should
be a relatively generic implementation of what many of us are doing,
without the frills and a relatively stable bug-free implementation.

Each version does 2x the number of play-outs as previous version
and the level of the program is defined as the number of play-outs
* 1024 - so level 2 does 2048 playouts, etc.   I am going to test
as far as I can stand it like this:

   level 1
   level 2
   level 4
   level 8
   level 16
   

Additionally,  I am testing 2 variants, because I am interesting in
saving memory.   The base version does the basic thing - always
expanding a node in the tree once it has been visited one time,
or in other words each probe is guaranteed to add 1 new node to
the tree.

The second variant will not expand a node until it has been
visited 5 times - expanding on the 6th visit.   This version is
significantly more stingy about memory use.

So far, after running well over 1000 games I cannot detect an
advantage over using the less memory hungry version.   There
seems to be no point in wasting the memory.

In a separate less systematic test I did last week,  I also
tested values as high as 100 visits before expansion at levels
comparable or higher to CGOS time controls.   In that test,
I tested 1 visit, 5 visits, 10 visits and 100 visits before
expansion.

After playing a massive round robin (where each player played
a total of over 200 games)  I could not prove empirically that
even 100 visits is too much.  The ELO rating difference varied
only 40 ELO points from high to low but the 1 visit version,
which is supposed to be the best,  was the second lowest rated
version and the 100 visit version score 10 ELO points higher.
This is all statistical noise.
In this implementation the 100 visit version was substantially
faster which makes it a no-brainer - however I replaced my
node management routines with a fixed pool of nodes so there
is no malloc or free operations.   Now the slowdown is very
minor due to excessive node expansions.

Does anyone have any reason to believe we should be expanding
so aggressively as after only 1 visit?   My tests indicate
that you can easily get away with anything less than 100.

Here are the results of the current more systematic test.  I
will continue to expand this by introducing higher levels
to the autotester and dropping the lower ones in order to
perform a scalability study.We are seeing about 200 ELO
per doubling at these levels.

s05_032 means:  5 visits before expand - level 32 which
is 32K play-outs per move.

 Perf
 Rating  Win perc  Tot Gms  Ave Time  Player
---    ---    ---
 2107.190.749  227  50.3  s05_032
 2102.790.323  217  52.2  s01_032
 1942.179.452  219  32.1  s05_016
 1916.378.027  223  32.6  s01_016
 1764.365.447  246  16.1  s01_008
 1753.161.200  250  15.3  s05_008
 1542.140.000  245   6.8  s01_004
 1526.539.914  233   6.3  s05_004
 1284.322.273  220   1.8  s05_002
 1274.822.594  239   1.8  s01_002
 1000.0 7.623  223   0.2  s05_001
  972.4 5.932  236   0.3  s01_001

Black wins:  652  46.9 %
White wins:  737  53.1 %



- Don







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Re: [computer-go] UCT memory issues and scalability

2007-01-16 Thread Don Dailey
On Tue, 2007-01-16 at 20:23 +0100, Łukasz Lew wrote:
> There is a good argument why 100 is ok.
> When You have about 50 children, then waiting 100 playouts before
> start of attaching them results only in 2 playouts per child loss, so
> I guess even higher threshold should be OK.

And I haven't bothered to test over 100.   But at 100 I still get
good node expansion and fairly deep principal variations.


> Lukasz 

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Re: [computer-go] Can Go be solved???... PLEASE help!

2007-01-16 Thread Christoph Birk

On Sat, 13 Jan 2007, Don Dailey wrote:

One of the theoretical limitations to
computing power (which was layed out in someones posts) and I have
always understood to be the case, is related to
space - the physical size of the universe.


The problem with higher dimensions is that they are small AND they do
NOT increase the 3-dimensional volume of our universe.
Imagine a 2 dimesional (finite) surface and bend it in some way
(eg. cylinder) ... even though your 2-dim "universe" exists now in
3 dimensions, it did not increase in area.


If a computer can exist in 3
dimensions,  couldn't an infinite number of them exist with 1 more
dimension?


Nope; see above.

Christoph
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Re: [computer-go] Can Go be solved???... PLEASE help!

2007-01-16 Thread Don Dailey
On Tue, 2007-01-16 at 16:21 -0800, Christoph Birk wrote:
> On Sat, 13 Jan 2007, Don Dailey wrote:
> > One of the theoretical limitations to
> > computing power (which was layed out in someones posts) and I have
> > always understood to be the case, is related to
> > space - the physical size of the universe.
> 
> The problem with higher dimensions is that they are small AND they do
> NOT increase the 3-dimensional volume of our universe.
> Imagine a 2 dimesional (finite) surface and bend it in some way
> (eg. cylinder) ... even though your 2-dim "universe" exists now in
> 3 dimensions, it did not increase in area.
> 
> > If a computer can exist in 3
> > dimensions,  couldn't an infinite number of them exist with 1 more
> > dimension?

I'm suggesting computers that might exist outside our 3 dimensional 
space, not confined to our 3 dimensional space.   Perhaps there are
beings that see our space as flat from their many dimensions and any
physical objects they deal with, are infinitely bigger that we can 
observe.

For instance if there existed 2 dimensional beings, we could not show
them 3 dimensional objects, just reflections of them and any of our
objects would be infinitely large to them.If we could build 
2 dimensional computers, we could stack any number of them
on top of each other and they would not take up any extra space,  no?   

- Don

  

> Nope; see above.
> 
> Christoph

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Re: [computer-go] Can Go be solved???... PLEASE help!

2007-01-16 Thread David Doshay

On 16, Jan 2007, at 5:45 PM, Don Dailey wrote:


For instance if there existed 2 dimensional beings, we could not show
them 3 dimensional objects,


The answers to this are in "Flatland: A romance of many dimensions" a  
nice short book by E.A. Abbott.



just reflections of them


slices


and any of our
objects would be infinitely large to them.


No, they would only be aware of the slice that intersects their  
world. It would still have finite extent in their world.



  If we could build
2 dimensional computers, we could stack any number of them
on top of each other


Which is essentially what we really do ...


and they would not take up any extra space,  no?


No.



Cheers,
David





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Re: [computer-go] Go and IQ training

2007-01-16 Thread Mike Olsson
Another question that I would like to ask is what distinguishes a student at 
Harvard or at a top school from the rest of the students. And how can one 
develop the aptitude to reach that level. Or is it just that some people are 
born with a gift.

Eduardo Sabbatella <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:  I have the same IQ than 
Kasparov, He is millionarie
and famous and I'm a moron that have to spend almost
all his day coding for food.

This is a good proof that IQ tests do not work 

:-P

--- Aidan Karley escribió:

> In article
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Mike
> Olsson 
> wrote:
> > This is a bit off topic, but I am wondering if a
> person can play Go
> > to increase their IQ or improve their
> intelligence. 
> If one is going to discuss the extremely
> slippy concept of 
> "intelligence" (or it's far, far slippier distant
> relative 
> "Intelligence Quotient"), then it's practically
> required to have read 
> Stephen Jay Gould's "Mismeasure of Man" (various
> editions from about 
> 1980 to at least 1996, including ISBN-10: 0393314251
> / ISBN-13: 
> 978-0393314250). While it may not "blow out of the
> water" the whole 
> subject of "intelligence testing", it does make one
> very well aware 
> that the whole subject is a minefield of assumptions
> and prejudices 
> (both conscious and unconscious.
> I read what was probably the original edition
> back in the 
> mid-80s, and loaned my copy to a university friend
> who was studying 
> psychology ; 15 year later she declined to return it
> because she was 
> still regularly using it to deflate novice
> opinionated staff working 
> under her with the "learning impaired". That would
> have been about the 
> time of the infamously neo-racist tract "The Bell
> Curve".
> 
> > From what I have read Kasparov's IQ is around 135
> so playing Chess
> > doesn't really increase a person's IQ.
> >
> About 2.3 standard deviations above the norm.
> That would imply 
> he's in the top 1½% or thereabouts of the population
> in performance on 
> IQ tests. Sounds like there's be 3
> Kasparov-equivalents per couple of 
> full "Clapham Omnibuses". [Note 1] Or several per
> average chess club. 
> Or maybe IQ test results are not a terribly good
> predictor of chess 
> strength. I wouldn't really expect it to be much
> better a predictor of 
> Go strength either.
> 
> 
> For what it's worth, the Aberdeen University
> Go Club was set up 
> in the early 1980s by ... a carpenter. Always a good
> memory for 
> deflating one's potential to self-aggrandisment.
> 
> 
> [Note 1] Standard British English idiom refers many
> questions to the 
> opinion of the "man on the Clapham Omnibus", which
> seats about 75 
> people and stands another couple of dozen.
> 
> -- 
> Aidan Karley,
> Aberdeen, Scotland
> Written at Mon, 15 Jan 2007 09:40 GMT, but posted
> later.
> 
> 
> 
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Re: [computer-go] Go and IQ training

2007-01-16 Thread Chris Fant

Getting way off topic now.

On 1/16/07, Mike Olsson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

Another question that I would like to ask is what distinguishes a student at
Harvard or at a top school from the rest of the students. And how can one
develop the aptitude to reach that level. Or is it just that some people are
born with a gift.

Eduardo Sabbatella <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
I have the same IQ than Kasparov, He is millionarie
and famous and I'm a moron that have to spend almost
all his day coding for food.

This is a good proof that IQ tests do not work

:-P

--- Aidan Karley escribió:


> In article
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Mike
> Olsson
> wrote:
> > This is a bit off topic, but I am wondering if a
> person can play Go
> > to increase their IQ or improve their
> intelligence.
> If one is going to discuss the extremely
> slippy concept of
> "intelligence" (or it's far, far slippier distant
> relative
> "Intelligence Quotient"), then it's practically
> required to have read
> Stephen Jay Gould's "Mismeasure of Man" (various
> editions from about
> 1980 to at least 1996, including ISBN-10: 0393314251
> / ISBN-13:
> 978-0393314250). While it may not "blow out of the
> water" the whole
> subject of "intelligence testing", it does make one
> very well aware
> that the whole subject is a minefield of assumptions
> and prejudices
> (both conscious and unconscious.
> I read what was probably the original edition
> back in the
> mid-80s, and loaned my copy to a university friend
> who was studying
> psychology ; 15 year later she declined to return it
> because she was
> still regularly using it to deflate novice
> opinionated staff working
> under her with the "learning impaired". That would
> have been about the
> time of the infamously neo-racist tract "The Bell
> Curve".
>
> > From what I have read Kasparov's IQ is around 135
> so playing Chess
> > doesn't really increase a person's IQ.
> >
> About 2.3 standard deviations above the norm.
> That would imply
> he's in the top 1½% or thereabouts of the population
> in performance on
> IQ tests. Sounds like there's be 3
> Kasparov-equivalents per couple of
> full "Clapham Omnibuses". [Note 1] Or several per
> average chess club.
> Or maybe IQ test results are not a terribly good
> predictor of chess
> strength. I wouldn't really expect it to be much
> better a predictor of
> Go strength either.
>
>
> For what it's worth, the Aberdeen University
> Go Club was set up
> in the early 1980s by ... a carpenter. Always a good
> memory for
> deflating one's potential to self-aggrandisment.
>
>
> [Note 1] Standard British English idiom refers many
> questions to the
> opinion of the "man on the Clapham Omnibus", which
> seats about 75
> people and stands another couple of dozen.
>
> --
> Aidan Karley,
> Aberdeen, Scotland
> Written at Mon, 15 Jan 2007 09:40 GMT, but posted
> later.
>
>
>
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Re: [computer-go] Go and IQ training

2007-01-16 Thread Mike Olsson
Can Go be used to increase a person's aptitude. 

Chris Fant <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:  Getting way off topic now.

On 1/16/07, Mike Olsson wrote:
> Another question that I would like to ask is what distinguishes a student at
> Harvard or at a top school from the rest of the students. And how can one
> develop the aptitude to reach that level. Or is it just that some people are
> born with a gift.
>
> Eduardo Sabbatella wrote:
> I have the same IQ than Kasparov, He is millionarie
> and famous and I'm a moron that have to spend almost
> all his day coding for food.
>
> This is a good proof that IQ tests do not work
>
> :-P
>
> --- Aidan Karley escribió:
>
>
> > In article
> > <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Mike
> > Olsson
> > wrote:
> > > This is a bit off topic, but I am wondering if a
> > person can play Go
> > > to increase their IQ or improve their
> > intelligence.
> > If one is going to discuss the extremely
> > slippy concept of
> > "intelligence" (or it's far, far slippier distant
> > relative
> > "Intelligence Quotient"), then it's practically
> > required to have read
> > Stephen Jay Gould's "Mismeasure of Man" (various
> > editions from about
> > 1980 to at least 1996, including ISBN-10: 0393314251
> > / ISBN-13:
> > 978-0393314250). While it may not "blow out of the
> > water" the whole
> > subject of "intelligence testing", it does make one
> > very well aware
> > that the whole subject is a minefield of assumptions
> > and prejudices
> > (both conscious and unconscious.
> > I read what was probably the original edition
> > back in the
> > mid-80s, and loaned my copy to a university friend
> > who was studying
> > psychology ; 15 year later she declined to return it
> > because she was
> > still regularly using it to deflate novice
> > opinionated staff working
> > under her with the "learning impaired". That would
> > have been about the
> > time of the infamously neo-racist tract "The Bell
> > Curve".
> >
> > > From what I have read Kasparov's IQ is around 135
> > so playing Chess
> > > doesn't really increase a person's IQ.
> > >
> > About 2.3 standard deviations above the norm.
> > That would imply
> > he's in the top 1½% or thereabouts of the population
> > in performance on
> > IQ tests. Sounds like there's be 3
> > Kasparov-equivalents per couple of
> > full "Clapham Omnibuses". [Note 1] Or several per
> > average chess club.
> > Or maybe IQ test results are not a terribly good
> > predictor of chess
> > strength. I wouldn't really expect it to be much
> > better a predictor of
> > Go strength either.
> >
> >
> > For what it's worth, the Aberdeen University
> > Go Club was set up
> > in the early 1980s by ... a carpenter. Always a good
> > memory for
> > deflating one's potential to self-aggrandisment.
> >
> >
> > [Note 1] Standard British English idiom refers many
> > questions to the
> > opinion of the "man on the Clapham Omnibus", which
> > seats about 75
> > people and stands another couple of dozen.
> >
> > --
> > Aidan Karley,
> > Aberdeen, Scotland
> > Written at Mon, 15 Jan 2007 09:40 GMT, but posted
> > later.
> >
> >
> >
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> >
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