Please check my answer below...I am newbie in these subjects...

The point of Edna's Jones question is about "locally", no ?

As Pete L.Clark points out in http://www.math.uga.edu/~pete/*CasselsLemma*
.pdf

a number n can be "locally" (in Qp) represented but not integrally 
represented....read some examples in Clark's paper

The ZZ field is forced in DiagonalQuadraticForm() first argument to specify 
integer quadratic forms (with integer coefficients).

It doesn't matter if you use ZZ or python int for 
locally_represented_number() argument (+1 : previous answer).

You have Gauss's theorem for representing  number n different of 4^k(8l+7)  
by the form x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with x,y,z in Q
and 42  is represented by it, so it is represented by the equivalent form 
x^2 + (2y)^2 + (2z)^2.

That's why function locally_represented returns true ... while obviously no 
integers x,y,z can be set to have x^2 + 4y^2 + 4z^2 = 42

Dominique


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