Our culture gives us our definitions of "progress" and "improvement." Take 
the side view mirror of an automobile. Once it was a humble slab of mirror 
attached to a basic frame that swivels on a ball joint that could be 
adjusted by rolling down the window, sticking your hand out, and moving it 
into a useful position. Now it is operated electronically by several 
switches, and costs many hundreds of dollars to fix or replace. And for 
what? To save a few calories of small muscle movements?It doesn't save 
time, these things can take longer to adjust. (And now I understand these 
gizmos will be replaced by video cameras, and this will be mandatory as per 
the federal government.)

Many people will consider this evolution of the side view mirror inevitable 
proof of human genius, an obvious sign of progress. But it is only 
replacing an existing object with debatable added benefits and lots of 
drawbacks--added complexity in extraction of raw materials, assembly 
(probably by robots) difficulty of repair, additional damage to the 
environment, cost to the consumer. This complexity also makes the supply 
chain much more vulnerable, as various parts come from different factories, 
etc. 

The same factors are at work with, for instance, carbon fiber. This 
material is more complex to produce, cannot be easily modified or repaired 
or recycled or upcycled, uses high amounts of energy to produce, is made of 
a substance we are running out of, etc etc. And the sole benefit, when you 
cut to the chase, is saving weight on a product that, unless you are a 
professional bike racer (or a missile engineer, the original application), 
does not need weight savings (or heat protection). And even so, I recall 
that bike racing provided a decent amount of entertainment before the 
advent of carbon fiber and wattage meters, no? I have to laugh so not to 
cry when I see these dramatic commercials pitching "smart phones." As 
though something that takes pictures and can tell you in a funny voice 
where is the best place to get the best macchiato is some sort of dramatic 
achievement for humankind. Or that it does anything that can't be done 
without an overpriced status design object made in China (a country in the 
advanced throes of the world's largest case of indigestion from biting off 
more industrialization than it could chew--the fallout for the global 
economy will not be pretty, especially in combination with the many other 
dilemmas currently coming to a head.)

Going beyond Illich's second watershed comes with high prices--to the 
environment, to the social fabric of society, to our psyches. The debts 
from all of our wondrous gadgets and our industrially designed lifestyle, 
both literal and figurative, are all coming due in a hurry. But right now 
my Clementine is calling to take me to work.


On Wednesday, February 17, 2016 at 11:06:05 PM UTC-5, Patrick Moore wrote:
>
>
> Granted, focus on sale has produced, by accident, many great improvements; 
> but obviously it does not do so consistently and generally. Carbon fiber is 
> probably a great improvement for some uses; for a city hybrid bike? I don't 
> think so. 1X12 drivetrains may be useful for some situations; does the 
> rider of the urban hybrid need 3X9? And so forth.
>
>

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