First of all, sorry to *Gerard. *I have changed my email account, and I don't know how to reply to my posted thread before. So I just create a new message here. Thanks again for your help! Now I realized where my mistake is. I forgot to include the seasonal differencing order.
After I corrected the formula as below: (*S-ARIMA(p,d,q)*(P,D,Q)* models, where *p=1,d=0,q=1; P=0,D=1,Q=1;* and *the seasonal period S=45*.) X(t) = X(t-45) + ar1*X(t-1) - ar1*X(t-46) - ma1*a(t-1) - sma1*a(t-45) + ma1*sma1*a(t-46) + a(t) Thus, we get: a(t) = X(t) - ar1*X(t-1) - X(t-45) + ar1*X(t-46) + ma1*a(t-1) + sma1*a(t-45) - ma1*sma1*a(t-46), *when t>=46*; Now my question is that: *What is the initial value of a(t) when t<46? *And what is the initial setting in R? Because R gives a very good forcasting of the analyzed data series, and I just can not reproduced the results in other software (like EXCEL). Hope some one to help! Thanks! saji from Shanghai [[alternative HTML version deleted]] ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.