I have the following kind of strings,
the funny "þ" is ASCII character 254, used as a separator character

ASCII ends at 127. Just refer to it as chr(254).

note 1)
[FSM]
Counts = "1þ11þ16"     ==>   1,11,16
Init1 = "1þ\BCtrl"     ==>    1,Ctrl
State5 = "8þ\BJUMP_COMPL\b\n>PCWrite = 1\n>PCSource = 10"
         ==> 8, JUMP_COMPL\n>PCWrite = 1\n>PCSource = 10

After making those substitutions, what are you going to do with it?
Split it up into fields using the csv module or stuff.split(",") or
some other DIY method? Is there a possibility that whoever "designed"
that data format used chr(254) as a separator because the data fields
contained "," sometimes and so "," could not be used as a separator?

Yep, chr(254), because it's not in the human range of characters
and it's accepted by windows ini-files.
Seeing and testing all your answers, with great solutions that I've
never seen before,

As far as str methods and built-ins that work on str objects are
concerned, there is no corpus of secret knowledge known only to a
cabal of wizards; it's all in the manual, and you don't need special
magical spectacles to see it :-)

note 2)
knowing nothing of escape sequences (I'm a windows guy ;-)

Why do you think that whether or not you are a "windows guy" is
relevant to knowing anything about escape sequences?

Just a windows guy,
or maybe better, "being a windows guy for many years",
windows users are wysiwyg users, they are not dealing with individual bits.
I personally left escape sequences and values of ASCII characters behind me more than 25 years ago.
And now maybe you might understand note 1) and note 2) .

cheers,
Stef

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