> What are the $mua_helo_restrictions and $mua_sender_restrictions in the
> master.cf


http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html

-o name=value (short form)
Override the named main.cf configuration parameter.
The parameter value can refer to other parameters as $name etc., just like
in main.cf.
See postconf(5) for syntax.


 ``smtpd_sender_restrictions`` and other options may be different for
public SMTPD and smtpd used by clients (mua)
So, you specify variable "mua_helo_restrictions" in your ``main.cf`` and
provide it as an option to the smtps.

> How do they affect the restrictions for the submission if left commented ?

Smtpd server uses  ``smtpd_sender_restrictions`` and other options.
See : http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#smtpd_sender_restrictions

But if you add  ``-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$my_fancy_new_restrictions``
it will use value of this variable instead of ``smtpd_sender_restrictions``

If you have several SMTPD servers (the public one and the one used for
submission) you may want them to have different settings.

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