ratatouille: > A restart of rsyslog and postfix changes nothing. You did not restart systemd, which sits in the middle between Postfix and rsyslogd, and which has a reputation for breaking Postfix and other logging.
If you have Postfix 3.4, http://www.postfix.org/MAILLOG_README.html avoids the logging dependency on system-effing-d. Other possibilities are mis-configured SeLinux, AppArmor, and the like, that prevent some Postfix daemons from writting to the syslog socket. Wietse