I have the explanation -- I should've looked into the tcpdump output more closely.
Viktor Dukhovni wrote the following on 05.11.2014 16:30: > On Wed, Nov 05, 2014 at 01:27:49PM +0100, Tobias Reckhard wrote: >> It looks as though mail01.i-sec.tuv.com dropped the connection, though I >> see no indication of the reason. Strangely, though, in a tcpdump I >> recorded it appears that our customer's system is sending a [RST, ACK] >> packet directly after sending "TLSv1 Application Data", which very >> probably is its EHLO. > > You may have read the wrong direction for the Application Data. > The SMTP client speaks first after [STARTTLS]. It is not apparent in the postfix logs and my old version of Wireshark interprets it as an "Ignored Unknown Record" in the Secure Sockets Layer, but the remote server (mail01.i-sec.tuv.com) said "454 TLS not available due to a temporary reason" in its final message. postfix responds to that by sending 64 bytes of gibberish TLSv1 "Application Data" and then tears down the connection with a RST. But the problem was obviously on the other end. The customer has also reported that the other end "had a problem on their mail server" which they have since fixed, allowing the mail in question as well as a few others that had queued up to be delivered. Thanks for your assistance, Viktor, I appreciate it. In case you're interested, these are plain text Wireshark exports of the last two messages from the server (omitting the Frame and Ethernet details): Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 193.24.224.9 (193.24.224.9), Dst: 192.168.21.65 (192.168.21.65) Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: smtp (25), Dst Port: 37055 (37055), Seq: 4416, Ack: 582, Len: 59 Secure Sockets Layer TLSv1 Record Layer: Change Cipher Spec Protocol: Change Cipher Spec Content Type: Change Cipher Spec (20) Version: TLS 1.0 (0x0301) Length: 1 Change Cipher Spec Message TLSv1 Record Layer: Handshake Protocol: Encrypted Handshake Message Content Type: Handshake (22) Version: TLS 1.0 (0x0301) Length: 48 Handshake Protocol: Encrypted Handshake Message Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 193.24.224.9 (193.24.224.9), Dst: 192.168.21.65 (192.168.21.65) Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: smtp (25), Dst Port: 37055 (37055), Seq: 4475, Ack: 582, Len: 86 Secure Sockets Layer TLSv1 Record Layer: Encrypted Alert Content Type: Alert (21) Version: TLS 1.0 (0x0301) Length: 32 Alert Message: Encrypted Alert Ignored Unknown Record The "Ignored Unknown Record reads: "454 TLS not available due to a temporary reason" Cheers, Tobias